Suppression of bovine T lymphocytes responses by the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin C

Witold A. Ferens,Gregory A. Bohach,William C. Davis,Lawrence K. Fox,이상운(Sang Un Lee),박용호(Yong Ho Park) 한국예방수의학회 1998 예방수의학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Staphylococcus aureus에 의한 유방염은 주로 만성으로 경과되며 항생제 치료에 대한 저항성을 나타낸다. 기존의 보고에 의하면, 이 질병은 동일항원 혹은 다른 종류의 항원에 대한 면역반응의 억제와 관련된다고 알려져 있으나, 이러한 효과와 관련된 특이적인 인자는 아직 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 본 실험은 superantigen으로 알려진 포도상구균 장독소가 유방염의 숙주방어기전에 간섭하리라는 가능성을 제시하였다. 본 실험에서 포도상구균 장독소 C형 (SEC)은 in vitro상에서 세포증식의 억제와 CD8⁺T 림프구 표면의 ACT3 marker의 과다 발현에 의해 특징지어지는 소 T 림프구의 일탈된 활성을 유도하였다. SEC에 의한 소 T 림프구의 증식반응은 일시적이었으며, 배양 4일 후에는 ACT1, ACT16 및 IL-2Rα 등 활성세포 표면인자의 증가와 연관되어 왕성한 증식을 나타내었다. 비록 CD4⁺T 림프구와 CD8⁺T림프구는 배양 후 4일과 7일 사이에 증식을 나타내었지만, 상대적으로 CD8⁺T 림프구 아집단의 증식이 더 왕성하였으며 이로 인해 CD4:CD8 비율이 반전되는 결과를 가져왔다.

Analysis of the seroprevalence of bovine paratuberculosis and the application of modified absorbed ELISA to field sample testing in Korea

박용호,박건택,안종삼,William C. Davis,구혜정,권남훈,정우경,김준만,홍순근 대한수의학회 2006 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.7 No.4

Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a major disease problem worldwide, and causes major economic losses in the dairy industry. Although PTB has been reported in Korea, no studies have been conducted to determine its prevalence and no program has been developed to control the disease. In this study, the sera of beef (n = 1,056) and dairy cattle (n = 1,105) from all provinces in Korea were tested to determine the prevalence of PTB using two different ELISA: an ‘in house’ modified absorbed ELISA (P-ELISA) based on sonicated antigen from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ATCC 19698, and a commercial ELISA (C-ELISA). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the cutoff point for P-ELISA. Based on C-ELISA results, the area under the curve for P-ELISA was 0.913 (95% CI, 0.883 to 0.943). Using a cutoff point of 0.100, P-ELISA showed a sensitivity of 62.0% and a specificity of 93.7%. The kappa value and the percent agreement between the two ELISAs were 0.322 and 92.5%, respectively. Both ELISAs showed a significant correlation between age and seropositivity (p < 0.01). According to C-ELISA, 71 of 2,161 sera (3.3%, 95 CI, 2.6% to 4.1%) were test-positive. The national true prevalence of PTB was estimated to be 7.1%. The findings suggest that a control program should be implemented to limit the spread of this disease, and that P-ELISA could be used as a screening test that produces results similar to C-ELISA.

Progress Towards Control of a Mycobacterial Pathogen, Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. paratuberculosis, the Causative Agent of Johne’s disease in Cattle and Humans

William C. Davis,Kun Taek Park 한국식품위생안전성학회 2018 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.33 No.4

19세기말 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis(Map)이 요네병(Johne’s disease)의 원인균임이 밝혀진 이후, 불현성 감염된 동물들의 국제적 이동은 요네병을 전 세계로 퍼뜨리기 시작하였다. 이러한 요네병이 축산분야에 나타남과 동시에 새로운 형태의 대장염으로서 요네병과 같은 증상을 나타내는 질병(크론병)이 사람에게서도 나타나기 시작하였다. 그러나 Map이 이러한 새로운 대장염의 원인균이며 인수공통전염병의 원인체라는 인식은 20세기 후반 이러한 질병을 앓고 있는 사람의 조직으로부터 Map을 검출할 수 있게 되고서야 나타나기 시작했다. 본 총설은 어떻게 Map이 축산분야와 사람의 공중보건 측면 에서 심각한 문제를 야기시키게 되었고, Map 감염에 의한 대장염 환자의 치료가 어떻게 발전되어 왔는지 간단히 요약하고, 축산에서 Map의 통제를 위한 새로운 백신개발 전략에 대하여 소개한다. Since the discovery that Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. paratuberculosis(Map) is the causative agent of Johne’s disease (JD) in cattle at the end of the nineteenth century, movement of livestock latently infected with Map has led to the spread of JD throughout the world. A new form of enteritis with clinical features of JD in cattle appeared in humans concurrent with the appearance of Map as a disease problem in livestock. The demonstration that Map is a zoonotic pathogen and the causative agent of the new form of enteritis in humans, however, wasn’t recognized until late in the twentieth century when methods were developed to detect the presence Map in tissues from patients with the new form of clinical enteritis. The objective of this short review is to provide a brief history explaining how Map has become a major disease problem in livestock and humans and then provide a review of the progress that has been made in treating patients with an enteritis caused by Map and the strategies underway to develop a vaccine to control infection in livestock.

Progress Towards Control of a Mycobacterial Pathogen, Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. paratuberculosis, the Causative Agent of Johne's Disease in Cattle and Humans

Davis, William C.,Park, Kun Taek The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 2018 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.33 No.4

19세기말 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis(Map)이 요네병(Johne's disease)의 원인균임이 밝혀진 이후, 불현성 감염된 동물들의 국제적 이동은 요네병을 전세계로 퍼뜨리기 시작하였다. 이러한 요네병이 축산분야에 나타남과 동시에 새로운 형태의 대장염으로서 요네병과 같은 증상을 나타내는 질병(크론병)이 사람에게서도 나타나기 시작하였다. 그러나 Map이 이러한 새로운 대장염의 원인균이며 인수공통전염병의 원인체라는 인식은 20세기 후반 이러한 질병을 앓고 있는 사람의 조직으로부터 Map을 검출할 수 있게 되고서야 나타나기 시작했다. 본 총설은 어떻게 Map이 축산분야와 사람의 공중보건 측면에서 심각한 문제를 야기시키게 되었고, Map 감염에 의한 대장염 환자의 치료가 어떻게 발전되어 왔는지 간단히 요약하고, 축산에서 Map의 통제를 위한 새로운 백신개발 전략에 대하여 소개한다. Since the discovery that Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the causative agent of Johne's disease (JD) in cattle at the end of the nineteenth century, movement of livestock latently infected with Map has led to the spread of JD throughout the world. A new form of enteritis with clinical features of JD in cattle appeared in humans concurrent with the appearance of Map as a disease problem in livestock. The demonstration that Map is a zoonotic pathogen and the causative agent of the new form of enteritis in humans, however, wasn't recognized until late in the twentieth century when methods were developed to detect the presence Map in tissues from patients with the new form of clinical enteritis. The objective of this short review is to provide a brief history explaining how Map has become a major disease problem in livestock and humans and then provide a review of the progress that has been made in treating patients with an enteritis caused by Map and the strategies underway to develop a vaccine to control infection in livestock.

Mini-reviews : Understanding the Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis of Human and Bovine Tubeculosis

( William C. Davis ),( Kun Taek Park ),( Mary J. Hamilton ),( W. Ray Waters ) 대한인수공통전염병학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF ZOONOSES Vol.1 No.1

Diagnosis and Control of Mycobacterium bovis and M. avium ssp. Paratuberculosis

William C. Davis 대한수의학회 2005 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2005 No.-

Use of flow cytometry to develop and characterize a set of monoclonal antibodies specific for rabbit leukocyte differentiation molecules

William C. Davis,Mary Jo Hamilton 대한수의학회 2008 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.9 No.1

Flow cytometry was used to identify and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that react with rabbit leukocyte differentiation molecules (LDM). Screening sets of mAbs, developed against LDM in other species, for reactivity with rabbit LDM yielded 11 mAbs that recognize conserved epitopes on rabbit LDM orthologues and multiple mAbs that recognize epitopes expressed on the major histocompatibility class I or class II molecules. Screening of mAbs submitted to the Animal Homologues Section of the Eighth Human Leukocyte Differentiation Workshop yielded 7 additional mAbs. Screening of mAbs generated from mice immunized with leukocytes from rabbit thymus or spleen or concanavalin A activated peripheral blood and/or spleen lymphocytes has yielded 42 mAbs that recognize species restricted epitopes expressed on one or more lineages of leukocytes. Screening of the anti-rabbit mAbs against leukocytes from other species yielded one additional mAb. The studies show that screening of existing sets of mAbs for reactivity with rabbit LDM will not be productive and that a direct approach will be needed to develop mAbs for research in rabbits. The flow cytometric approach we developed to screen for mAbs of interest offers a way for individual laboratories to identify and characterize mAbs to LDM in rabbits and other species. A web-based program we developed provides a source of information that will facilitate analysis. It contains a searchable data base on known CD molecules and a data base on mAbs, known to react with LDM in one or more species of artiodactyla, equidae, carnivora, and or lagomorpha. Flow cytometry was used to identify and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that react with rabbit leukocyte differentiation molecules (LDM). Screening sets of mAbs, developed against LDM in other species, for reactivity with rabbit LDM yielded 11 mAbs that recognize conserved epitopes on rabbit LDM orthologues and multiple mAbs that recognize epitopes expressed on the major histocompatibility class I or class II molecules. Screening of mAbs submitted to the Animal Homologues Section of the Eighth Human Leukocyte Differentiation Workshop yielded 7 additional mAbs. Screening of mAbs generated from mice immunized with leukocytes from rabbit thymus or spleen or concanavalin A activated peripheral blood and/or spleen lymphocytes has yielded 42 mAbs that recognize species restricted epitopes expressed on one or more lineages of leukocytes. Screening of the anti-rabbit mAbs against leukocytes from other species yielded one additional mAb. The studies show that screening of existing sets of mAbs for reactivity with rabbit LDM will not be productive and that a direct approach will be needed to develop mAbs for research in rabbits. The flow cytometric approach we developed to screen for mAbs of interest offers a way for individual laboratories to identify and characterize mAbs to LDM in rabbits and other species. A web-based program we developed provides a source of information that will facilitate analysis. It contains a searchable data base on known CD molecules and a data base on mAbs, known to react with LDM in one or more species of artiodactyla, equidae, carnivora, and or lagomorpha.

Characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations and major histocompatibility complex haplotypes of mastitis-resistant and susceptible cows

Christopher J.Davies,박용호,Yi Seok Joo,Joo Youn Park,Jin San Moon,So Hyun Kim,Nam Hoon Kwon,Jong Sam Ahn,William C.Davis 대한수의학회 2004 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.5 No.1

Bovine mastitis is an infectious disease with a major economic influence on the dairy industry worldwide. Many factors such as environment, pathogen, and host affect susceptibility or resistance of an individual cow to bovine mastitis. Recently, there has been considerable interest in defining genetic and immunological markers that could be used to select for improved disease resistance. In this study we have analyzed the lymphocyte subpopulations of mastitis-resistant and susceptible cows using monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine leukocyte differentiation antigens and flow cytometry. We have also used a microarray typing technique to define the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) class I and class II haplotypes associated with resistance or susceptibility to bovine mastitis. A striking finding of the present study is that susceptibility to mastitis was associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes that have only a single set of DQ genes. The study also revealed that susceptible cows had CD4:CD8 ratios of less than one in both their mammary gland secretions and peripheral blood. These results raise the possibility that the number of DQ genes that a cow has and/or a cow’s CD4:CD8 ratio could be used as indicators of susceptibility to bovine mastitis.

포도상구균 장독소 C 형에 의한 소 T 림프구 면역반응의 억제

이상운,박용호,Witold A. Ferens,Gregory A. Bohach,William C. Davis,Lawrence K. Fox 한국예방수의학회 1998 예방수의학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Classical natural ovine scrapie prions detected in practical volumes of blood by lamb and transgenic mouse bioassays

Rohana P. Dassanayake,Thomas C. Truscott,Dongyue Zhuang,David A. Schneider,Sally A. Madsen-Bouterse,Alan J. Young,James B. Stanton,William C. Davis,Katherine I. O’Rourke 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.2

Scrapie is diagnosed antemortem in sheep by detecting misfolded isoforms of prion protein (PrPSc) in lymphoid follicles of the rectal mucosa and nictitating membranes. Assay sensitivity is limited if (a) the biopsy is collected early during disease development, (b) an insufficient number of follicles is collected, or (c) peripheral accumulation of PrPSc is reduced or delayed. A blood test would be convenient for mass live animal scrapie testing. Currently approved techniques, however, have their own detection limits. Novel detection methods may soon offer a non-animal-based, rapid platform with detection sensitivities that rival the prion bioassay. In anticipation, we sought to determine if diseased animals could be routinely identified with a bioassay using B lymphocytes isolated from blood sample volumes commonly collected for diagnostic purposes in small ruminants. Scrapie transmission was detected in five of six recipient lambs intravenously transfused with B lymphocytes isolated from 5∼10 mL of blood from a naturally scrapie-infected sheep. Additionally, scrapie transmission was observed in 18 ovinized transgenic Tg338 mice intracerebrally inoculated with B lymphocytes isolated from 5∼10 mL of blood from two naturally scrapie-infected sheep. Based on our findings, we anticipate that these blood sample volumes should be of diagnostic value.