The Extraterritorial Application of United States Antitrust Laws : An Inquiry into the Utility of a " Choice - of Law " Approach

Weintraub,Russell J . 국제거래법학회 1994 國際去來法硏究 Vol.3 No.1

다름을 구성하기: 인도네시아와 미국에서 음악과 다문화주의

앤드류와인트럽 ( Andrew N Weintraub ) 세계음악학회 2013 음악과 문화 Vol.28 No.-

본 논문은 미국과 인도네시아에서 행해지고 있는 다문화 주의에 관 한 담론과 관습에 있어서의 음악의 역할에 관한 연구이다. 필자는 이 거대하고도 다원화된 두 지역에서 다문화주의 이념을 추진하기 위해 음악을 어떻게 사용하고 있는가를 고찰한 것이다. 우선 다문화주의는 “문화의 정치학”으로, 즉 “문화”를 “정치”의 영역에 끌어들이는 것으로 정의된다. 중요한 것은 다문화주의를 다양한 사회 역사적 배경에 놓는 것이다. 왜냐하면 이 용어 자체가 서로 다른 문맥 속에서의 다양 성을 의미하기 때문이다. 따라서 필자는 다문화주의란 “무엇인가” 라는 질문 외에도 다문화주의가 “언제” “왜” 생겨나는가 하는 질문을 던지고 있다. 또한 다문화주의의 실행자가 누구냐 하는 것도 중요하다. “누가” 다문화주의를 만들며 “누구를 위해” 그것이 실행되는가? 미국의 경우 필자는 다문화주의 와 음악 교육에 초점을 맞추어 조명하였다. 미국에서는 다문화적 교육 이 특히 지난 50년 동안에 일어난 정치 경제계의 변화를 반영하고 있다. 인도네시아의 경우 다문화주의는 1945년 독립의 순간으로 거슬러 올라간다. “다양성 속에 표현되는 통일성”(“bhinneka tunggal ika”)의 개념은 정치적 통합을 위한 이념을 내포하고 있다. 지난 15년 동안 정 부 주도적인 인도네시아의 다문화주의는 “문화와 문화 사이의” 복합 성, 퓨전, 뒤섞임 등에 의해 대체되어 왔다. 흥미롭게도 지역적, 국가적, 국제적 음악 요소의 뒤섞임은 몇 가지 예상하지 못한 의미를 낳게 되었다. 이 글의 후반부는 그 의미를 다루었다.

CSF biomarkers associated with disease heterogeneity in early Parkinson’s disease: the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative study

Kang, Ju-Hee,Mollenhauer, Brit,Coffey, Christopher S.,Toledo, Jon B.,Weintraub, Daniel,Galasko, Douglas R.,Irwin, David J.,Van Deerlin, Vivianna,Chen-Plotkin, Alice S.,Caspell-Garcia, Chelsea,Walig&oa Springer-Verlag 2016 Acta neuropathologica Vol.131 No.6

<P>The development of biomarkers to predict the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) from its earliest stage through its heterogeneous course is critical for research and therapeutic development. The Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) study is an ongoing international multicenter, prospective study to validate biomarkers in drug-na < ve PD patients and matched healthy controls (HC). We quantified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn), amyloid-beta1-42 (A beta(1-42)), total tau (t-tau), and tau phosphorylated at Thr181 (p-tau) in 660 PPMI subjects at baseline, and correlated these data with measures of the clinical features of these subjects. We found that CSF alpha-syn, t-tau and p-tau levels, but not A beta(1-42), were significantly lower in PD compared with HC, while the diagnostic value of the individual CSF biomarkers for PD diagnosis was limited due to large overlap. The level of alpha-syn, but not other biomarkers, was significantly lower in PD patients with non-tremor-dominant phenotype compared with tremor-dominant phenotype. In addition, in PD patients the lowest A beta(1-42), or highest t-tau/A beta(1-42) and t-tau/alpha-syn quintile in PD patients were associated with more severe non-motor dysfunction compared with the highest or lowest quintiles, respectively. In a multivariate regression model, lower alpha-syn was significantly associated with worse cognitive test performance. APOE epsilon 4 genotype was associated with lower levels of A beta(1-42), but neither with PD diagnosis nor cognition. Our data suggest that the measurement of CSF biomarkers in early-stage PD patients may relate to disease heterogeneity seen in PD. Longitudinal observations in PPMI subjects are needed to define their prognostic performance.</P>

Measuring the Performance of Large-Scale Combinatorial Auctions: A Structural Estimation Approach

Sang Won Kim(김상원),Marcelo Olivares,Gabriel Y. Weintraub 한국경영과학회 2014 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

The main advantage of a procurement combinatorial auction (CA) is that it allows suppliers to express cost synergies through package bids. However, bidders can also strategically take advantage of this flexibility, by discounting package bids and “inflating” bid prices for single-items, even in the absence of cost synergies; the latter behavior can hurt the performance of the auction. It is an empirical question whether allowing package bids and running a CA improves performance in a given setting. In this paper, we develop a structural estimation approach that estimates the firms’ cost structure using bidding data and use these estimates to evaluate the performance of the auction. To overcome the computational difficulties arising from the large number of bids observed in large-scale CAs, we propose a novel simplified model of bidders’ behavior based on pricing package characteristics. We apply our method to the Chilean school meals auction, in which the government procures half a billion dollars’ worth of meal services every year and bidders submit thousands of package bids. Our estimates suggest that bidders’ cost synergies are economically significant in this application (5%), and the current CA mechanism achieves high allocative efficiency (98%) and reasonable margins for the bidders (5%). Overall, this work develops the first practical tool to evaluate the performance of large-scale first-price CAs commonly used in procurement settings.

Protein <i>S</i>-Glutathionylation Mediates Macrophage Responses to Metabolic Cues from the Extracellular Environment

Ullevig, Sarah L.,Kim, Hong Seok,Short, John D.,Tavakoli, Sina,Weintraub, Susan T.,Downs, Kevin,Asmis, Reto Mary Ann Liebert 2016 Antioxidants & redox signaling Vol.25 No.15

Measuring the Performance of Large-Scale Combinatorial Auctions: A Structural Estimation Approach

Sang Won Kim(김상원),Marcelo Olivares,Gabriel Y. Weintraub 대한산업공학회 2014 대한산업공학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

The main advantage of a procurement combinatorial auction (CA) is that it allows suppliers to express cost synergies through package bids. However, bidders can also strategically take advantage of this flexibility, by discounting package bids and “inflating” bid prices for single-items, even in the absence of cost synergies; the latter behavior can hurt the performance of the auction. It is an empirical question whether allowing package bids and running a CA improves performance in a given setting. In this paper, we develop a structural estimation approach that estimates the firms’ cost structure using bidding data and use these estimates to evaluate the performance of the auction. To overcome the computational difficulties arising from the large number of bids observed in large-scale CAs, we propose a novel simplified model of bidders’ behavior based on pricing package characteristics. We apply our method to the Chilean school meals auction, in which the government procures half a billion dollars’ worth of meal services every year and bidders submit thousands of package bids. Our estimates suggest that bidders’ cost synergies are economically significant in this application (5%), and the current CA mechanism achieves high allocative efficiency (98%) and reasonable margins for the bidders (5%). Overall, this work develops the first practical tool to evaluate the performance of large-scale first-price CAs commonly used in procurement settings.

Human Proteome Project Mass Spectrometry Data Interpretation Guidelines 3.0

Deutsch, Eric W.,Lane, Lydie,Overall, Christopher M.,Bandeira, Nuno,Baker, Mark S.,Pineau, Charles,Moritz, Robert L.,Corrales, Fernando,Orchard, Sandra,Van Eyk, Jennifer E.,Paik, Young-Ki,Weintraub, S American Chemical Society 2019 JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH Vol.18 No.12

<P>The Human Proteome Organization’s (HUPO) Human Proteome Project (HPP) developed Mass Spectrometry (MS) Data Interpretation Guidelines that have been applied since 2016. These guidelines have helped ensure that the emerging draft of the complete human proteome is highly accurate and with low numbers of false-positive protein identifications. Here, we describe an update to these guidelines based on consensus-reaching discussions with the wider HPP community over the past year. The revised 3.0 guidelines address several major and minor identified gaps. We have added guidelines for emerging data independent acquisition (DIA) MS workflows and for use of the new Universal Spectrum Identifier (USI) system being developed by the HUPO Proteomics Standards Initiative (PSI). In addition, we discuss updates to the standard HPP pipeline for collecting MS evidence for all proteins in the HPP, including refinements to minimum evidence. We present a new plan for incorporating MassIVE-KB into the HPP pipeline for the next (HPP 2020) cycle in order to obtain more comprehensive coverage of public MS data sets. The main checklist has been reorganized under headings and subitems, and related guidelines have been grouped. In sum, Version 2.1 of the HPP MS Data Interpretation Guidelines has served well, and this timely update to version 3.0 will aid the HPP as it approaches its goal of collecting and curating MS evidence of translation and expression for all predicted ∼20 000 human proteins encoded by the human genome.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Control of Cellular Bcl-x_L Levels by Deamidation-Regulated Degradation

Dho, So Hee,Deverman, Benjamin E.,Lapid, Carlo,Manson, Scott R.,Gan, Lu,Riehm, Jacob J.,Aurora, Rajeev,Kwon, Ki-Sun,Weintraub, Steven J. Public Library of Science 2013 PLoS biology Vol.11 No.6

<P>The cellular concentration of Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB> is among the most important determinants of treatment response and overall prognosis in a broad range of tumors as well as an important determinant of the cellular response to several forms of tissue injury. We and others have previously shown that human Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB> undergoes deamidation at two asparaginyl residues and that DNA-damaging antineoplastic agents as well as other stimuli can increase the rate of deamidation. Deamidation results in the replacement of asparginyl residues with aspartyl or isoaspartyl residues. Thus deamidation, like phosphorylation, introduces a negative charge into proteins. Here we show that the level of human Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB> is constantly modulated by deamidation because deamidation, like phosphorylation in other proteins, activates a conditional PEST sequence to target Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB> for degradation. Additionally, we show that degradation of deamidated Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB> is mediated at least in part by calpain. Notably, we present sequence and biochemical data that suggest that deamidation has been conserved from the simplest extant metazoans through the human form of Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB>, underscoring its importance in Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB> regulation. Our findings strongly suggest that deamidation-regulated Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB> degradation is an important component of the cellular rheostat that determines susceptibility to DNA-damaging agents and other death stimuli.</P><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Cellular levels of the pro-survival protein Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB> are an important determinant of cellular susceptibility to many death stimuli, including most cancer therapies. We previously showed that human Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB> undergoes deamidation – the conversion of two neutral asparaginyl side-chains into negatively charged aspartyl side-chains – a process that occurs spontaneously but is accelerated by the treatment of tumor cells with DNA-damaging agents. Here, we show that deamidation activates a hitherto undetected signal sequence within Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB> that targets it for degradation by a pathway involving the proteolytic enzyme calpain. This increased degradation of Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB>, and the consequent enhanced cellular susceptibility to programmed cell death, may contribute to the ability of DNA-damaging agents to kill tumors. We also demonstrate that deamidation of Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB> has likely been conserved from the simplest metazoans to humans, underscoring the importance of deamidation in the regulation of Bcl-x<SUB>L</SUB>.</P>