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( W Ray Kim ),( Rohit Loomba ),( Selim Gurel ),( John Flaherty ),( Eduardo B Martins ),( Leland J Yee ),( Phillip Dinh ),( Maria Buti ),( Patrick Marcellin ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1
Background: Patients with chronic hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection are at increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Population-based studies have suggested an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with higher levels of HBV-DNA. Therefore, it is possible that anti-viral therapy that reduces HBV-DNA levels may reduce the occurrence of HCC. We examined the clinical and demographic characteristics of HCC cases in patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Methods: We studied the clinical and demographic characteristics of the 641 patients enrolled in pivotal studies GSUS- 174-0102 and GS-US-174-0103. Results: During the first 288 weeks of studies 102/103, there were 13 cases of HCC. Three cases occurred during the first 48 weeks. 9/13 cases were HBeAg-negative and 3 of these were cirrhotic. 4/13 cases were HBeAg-positive at baseline and 3 of these were cirrhotic. 11/13 cases were male. 2/13 patients had regression of histological cirrhosis on repeat liver biopsies. Among the 13 HCC cases, 5 were genotype (gt)-D, 4 gt-C, 1 gt- B, 1 gt-E, 1 gt-F and 1 unable to genotype. Conclusions: In 288 weeks of TDF therapy, there were only 13 cases of HCC. 3 of the HCC cases were reported within the first 48 weeks of therapy. Despite the small number of cases, HCC surveillance needs to be done in patients on long-time oral antivirals.
아버지와 남자 선생님 : 남자 아이들의 학습적인 발달과 비 학습적인 발달에 미치는 영향들
Andrew J. Martin,Herbert W Marsh,Jacqueline H. S. Cheng,& 대한어린이교육협회 2010 어린이교육 Vol.- No.12
수많은 보고서들이 남자 아이들의 삶에 있어서 남성들의 역할이 중요함을 지적해왔다. 그 결과 남자 아이들의 관심과 주의를 더 잘 끌 수 있는 남자 교사들의 필요성이 대두되어 왔다. 이러한 요구들은 다음의 두 가지 요소에 의해 영향을 받아왔다. 첫째로, 학습적인 부 분과 비 학습적인 부분에서, 종종 많은 부분 남자 아이들에게 불리한 성별 차이이다. 두 번 째는, 아이들을 기르고 가르치는데 있어서 일반적으로 남성들의 참여가 낮다는 점이다. 예 를 들어, 육아의 세 가지 핵심 부분, 즉 관심도, 책임감, 접근성 부분에 있어서, 아버지들은 취약하다. 이는 아버지들이 어머니보다 아이들과 시간을 덜 보내기 때문이다(Lamb & Tamis-Lemonda, 2004: see also Grolnick, Ryan, & Deci, 1991: Nichols, 2009: Pleck & Masciadrelli, 2004). 실제, 아버지들은 연구조사에도 거의 참여하지 않았다. 조사조차 참여 하지 않았다는 자체가 남자아이들에게 있어 남성의 역할이 미치는 영향을 이해하는데 중요 한 장애 요소이다(Nichols, 2009). 이 논문에서, 우리는 특히 호주인들의 자료, 정책, 그리고 관습에 초점을 맞추어 이러한 문제점을 조사하여 남자 아이들의 발달과 남성과의 연관성을 고찰할 것이다.
Utilization of Rotational Degrees of Freedom in Experimental Structural Dynamics
Trethewey,Martin W. 대한기계학회 1993 Korea - U. S. Vibration Engineering Seminar Vol.1 No.1
Rotational degrees of freedom in experimental structural dynamics analysis has many potential uses (e.g., experimental modal analysis, structural dynamics modification and active moment control). However, their implementation has not matured because of limited experimental methods available for their measurement. A novel multiple coordinate vibration measurement technique and its application in experimental structural dynamics analysis is discussed. The technique can simultaneously measure translational and rotational displacements of a vibrating object. The technique is based on sensing the positions of collimated light beams reflected from a vibrating object. The dynamic translations and rotations are determined by using the system geometry, coordinate transformations and kinematic closure procedures. Two variations of the measurement technique have been developed; 1) Three degree of freedom measurement (Y translation and θ_x, θ_z rotation) and, 2) Six degree of freedom measurement (X,Y,Z translation and θ_x, θ_y, θ_z rotation). The paper will describe the measurement concept and its implementation. Experimental data acquired is presented to illustrate the application of rotational degrees of freedom in experimental structural dynamics for mode shape refinement, structural dynamics modification and structural intensity.
A Dual-Phase-Shift Control Strategy for Dual-Active-Bridge DC-DC Converter in Wide Voltage Range
Myoungho Kim,Martin Rosekeit,Seung-Ki Sul,Rik W. A. A. De Doncker 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5
This paper analyzes the dual-phase-shift (DPS) control strategy for a dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter in whole operation range. The DPS has two degree of freedom to control the transferring power, which can improve the performance of the DAB converter than single-phase-shift (SPS) control strategy. This paper derives the reactive power, the rms and the peak current flowing on the transformer and the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) condition according to the operating conditions. Using this analysis and simulation results, a suitable control strategy for DAB converter is obtained. Experiments are performed to verify the proposed control strategy and to compare with the conventional SPS control strategy. The experimental results show that the proposed method can enhance the overall efficiency and expand the ZVS operation range.