Short-term Salt and PEG Stresses Regulate Expression of MicroRNA, miR159 in Sugarcane Leaves

Vikas Yadav Patade,Penna Suprasanna 한국작물학회 2010 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.13 No.3

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of stress-responsive gene expression and stress adaptation. Transcript expression of mature miR159 was studied in sugarcane leaves stressed for long-term (15 days) NaCl (150 mM) or iso-osmotic PEG 8000(20% w/v) and for short period (up to 24 h) with NaCl (200 mM) or PEG (20% w/v). The results revealed no significant changes in transcript levels of the miRNA in response to the long-term stress however, short-term salt or PEG stress led to significant up-regulation over the control. Progressive increase in transcripts of the miRNA was observed under short-term PEG stress with exposure period. Using computational tools, various members of the MYB transcription factor family were predicted as the potential targets of miR159. The transcript expression of the MYB-related gene indicated up-regulation at 1 h of salt stress with concomitant slight downregulation of the miRNA. In addition, under short-term PEG stress, the transcript levels of MYB and miR159 were the opposite of each other, suggesting MYB as a potential target of miR159. To our knowledge, this is the first preliminary evidence on the involvement of miR159 in abiotic stress responses in sugarcane.

Short-term Salt and PEG Stresses Regulate Expression of MicroRNA, miR159 in Sugarcane Leaves

Patade, Vikas Yadav,Suprasanna, Penna 한국작물학회 2010 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.13 No.3

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of stress-responsive gene expression and stress adaptation. Transcript expression of mature miR159 was studied in sugarcane leaves stressed for long-term (15 days) NaCl (150 mM) or iso-osmotic PEG 8000 (20% w/v) and for short period (up to 24 h) with NaCl (200 mM) or PEG (20% w/v). The results revealed no significant changes in transcript levels of the miRNA in response to the long-term stress however, short-term salt or PEG stress led to significant up-regulation over the control. Progressive increase in transcripts of the miRNA was observed under short-term PEG stress with exposure period. Using computational tools, various members of the MYB transcription factor family were predicted as the potential targets of miR159. The transcript expression of the MYB-related gene indicated up-regulation at 1 h of salt stress with concomitant slight down-regulation of the miRNA. In addition, under short-term PEG stress, the transcript levels of MYB and miR159 were the opposite of each other, suggesting MYB as a potential target of miR159. To our knowledge, this is the first preliminary evidence on the involvement of miR159 in abiotic stress responses in sugarcane.

Hemorrhage complicating the course of severe acute pancreatitis

Vikas Gupta,Pradeep Krishna,Rakesh Kochhar,Thakur Deen Yadav,Venu Bargav,Asheesh Bhalla,Naveen Kalra,Jai Dev Wig 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.3

Backgrounds/Aims: The course of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated by hemorrhage is associated with poor outcome. Methods: Twenty-four (13%) out of 183 cases of SAP had hemorrhagic complications- 12 intraabdominal & 12 intraluminal, 13 had major & 11 had minor and 16 had de-novo & 8 post-surgical bleeding. The mean duration of pancreatitis prior to bleeding was 27±27.2 days. Results: Predictors of haemorrhage on univariate analysis were delayed admission (0.037), more than one organ failure (p=0.008), presence of venous thrombosis (p=0.033), infective necrosis (0.001) and systemic sepsis – bacterial (0.037) & fungal (p=0.032). On multivariate analysis infected necrosis (OR=11.82) and presence of fungal sepsis (OR=3.73) were the significant factors. Patients presenting with more than one organ failure and bacterial sepsis had borderline significance on multivariate analysis. Need for surgery (50% vs. 12.6%), intensive care stay (7.4±7.9 vs. 5.4±5.2 days) and mortality (41.7% vs. 10.7%) were significantly higher in patients who suffered haemorrhage. Seven of the 13 with major bleeding had pseudoaneurysms-4 were embolized, 4 needed surgery including 1 embolization failure. Seven with intraabdominal bleeding required surgical intervention, 2 had successful embolization and 3 had expectant management. CT severity index and surgical intervention, were significantly associated with intraabdominal bleeding. Organ failure, presence of pseudoaneurysm and surgical intervention were associated with major bleeding. Conclusions: Hemorrhage in SAP was associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Infected necrosis accentuated the degradation of the vessel wall, which predispose to hemorrhage. Luminal bleeding may be indicative of erosion into the adjacent viscera by the pseudoaneurysm.

Outcomes of Fast-Track Multidisciplinary Care of Hip Fractures in Veterans: A Geriatric Hip Fracture Program Report

Vikas Kulshrestha,Munish Sood,Santhosh Kumar,Pramila Sharma,Yash Kumar Yadav 대한정형외과학회 2019 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.11 No.4

Background: Hip fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Fast-track multidisciplinary co-management of these patients, rapid preoperative optimization, early surgery, and expeditious rehabilitation may minimize morbidity and mortality. In this study, we evaluated outcomes of fixation of hip fractures in the elderly patients managed by Geriatric Hip Fracture Program at a military hospital in India. Methods: A total of 114 patients above 60 years of age with hip fractures were enrolled. They were comanaged by a team of specialists and fast-tracked to surgery. Independent ambulation with support of a walker was achieved before discharge to home. Patients were followed up for 1 year. Results: The average age of the 114 patients was 77 years; 24 patients were octogenarian. Eighty-four percent of injuries were due to a domestic fall. Hypertension (41%) and diabetes (22%) were the most common comorbidities. All patients were optimized before surgery. The average delay from injury to admission was 1.7 days (range, 0 to 14 days) and that from admission to surgery was 1.8 days (range, 0 to 19 days). Hence, the average time from injury to surgery was 3.5 days. The length of stay in hospital was, as per rehabilitative milestones achieved, 2 to 5 days in 40% of the patients and 6 to 15 days in 60% of the patients. At 1 year after surgery, 95 patients were independently ambulant (56 patients with support and 39 patients without support). Twenty-three percent of the patients had postoperative complications and eight patients died (7.7%) at 1-year follow-up; 11 patients were lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Elderly hip fracture has a high risk of mortality (14%–58%). Thus, expeditious surgery within 24 hours of admission has been advocated in the Western literature to minimize mortality. Mortality rate at 1 year after surgery remains at 10% to 24%. In our study, even with aggressive co-management, the average delay to hip fracture fixation was more than 3 days; however, the 1-year mortality was relatively low (7.7%). This indicates the importance of preoperative optimization and postoperative rehabilitation for independent ambulation and mortality reduction in the elderly population.

Potential of some traditionally used edible plants for prevention and cure of diabesity associated comorbidities

Vikas Kumar,Ajit Kumar Thakur,Suruchi Verma,Vaishali Yadav,Shyam Sunder Chatterjee 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2015 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.5 No.2

Medicinal uses of edible and other plants for prevention and cure of obesity and overweight associated metabolic and mental health problems have since long been known to scholars and practitioners of Ayurvedic and other traditionally known system of medicine. Modernized versions of numerous edible plant derived formulations mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic texts are at present some of the most popular, or best selling, herbal remedies in India and numerous other countries suffering from double burden of diseases caused by malnutrition and obesity. Preclinical and clinical information now available on edible plants and their bioactive constituents justify traditionally known medicinal uses of products derived from them for prevention and cure of obesity associated type-2 diabetes, psychopathologies and other health problems. Such information now available on a few edible Ayurvedic plants and their formulations and suggesting that their stress response regulating effects are involved in their broad spectrums of bioactivity profiles are summarized in this communication. Implications of recent physiological and pharmacological observations made with numerous phytochemicals isolated from edible plants for better understanding of traditionally known medicinal uses of herbal remedies are also pointed out.

Post-cholecystectomy acute injury: What can go wrong?

Vikas Gupta,Ashish Gupta,Thakur Deen Yadav,Bhagwant Rai Mittal,Rakesh Kochhar 한국간담췌외과학회 2019 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.23 No.2

Backgrounds/Aims: Most of the emphasis of postcholecystectomy injuries is laid on iatrogenic bilary trauma. However, they can involve a wide spectrum of injuries. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 42 patients with postcholecystectomy injuries referred to us from July 2011 to December 2012. Based on spectrum of injuries, we proposed an algorithm of management. Results: Injuries occurred following laparoscopy in 20 (2 converted) patients and open in 22 patients. Mean time of detection of injury was 4.32±2.33 days. The nature of drainage was bilious in 36, bile with blood in 2, only blood in 2, and enteric in 2. Nine had organ failure at presentation. Six (14%) needed re-operation. Source of hemorrhage was from right hepatic artery in three and small bowel mesentry in 1. Enteric injuries were one each to duodenum and colon. Six patient (14%) died. Advancing age and organ failure were the predictors of mortality. Persistant biliary fistula was seen in 5 (14%). Ten had lateral leaks that closed at 28.89±2.34 days. Twenty-two formed stricture which was successfully managed with definitive hepaticojejunostomy. Conclusions: Post cholecystectomy acute injury does not limit itself to bile duct or vascular injury but it can traumatize adjacent hollow viscus or mesentery. It is important to diagnose and intervene enteric injury early. Presentation and management for such injury should be followed as per the proposed algorithm.

Post-traumatic and postoperative neurosensory deficits of the inferior alveolar nerve in mandibular fracture: a prospective study

Yadav, Sunil,Mittal, Hitesh Chander,Malik, Sunita,Dhupar, Vikas,Sachdeva, Akash,Malhotra, Vijaylaxmy,Singh, Gurdarshan The Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial S 2016 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.42 No.5

Objectives: We evaluated and recorded post-traumatic and postoperative neurosensory deficits of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in mandibular fracture in order to identify associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study composed of 60 patients treated for mandibular fracture. The primary study variable was the change between the post-traumatic IAN neurosensory examination score and the score after fracture reduction. Risk factors were categorized as demographic, anatomic, fracture displacement, and treatment. Appropriate descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed. Results: Sixty patients with unilateral mandibular fracture reported within 24 hours of injury were evaluated over a one-year period. A post-traumatic neurosensory deficit was observed in 52 patients (86.7%), the percentage of which was reduced to 23.3% over the follow-up period. Abnormal postoperative neurosensory scores were significantly higher in angle fracture cases (33.3%) compared to body fracture cases (11.1%). When recovered and non-recovered neurosensory scores were compared by fracture location, 88.9% of body fracture cases showed significant recovery compared to 66.7% of mandibular angle fracture cases. Cases with less than 5 mm fracture displacement showed statistically significantly higher neurosensory recovery scores (90.6%) compared to those with more than 5 mm fracture displacement (60.7%). Conclusion: Use of a miniplate with mono-cortical screws does not play a role in increasing IAN post-traumatic neurosensory deficit. Early management can reduce the chances of permanent neurosensory deficit. Mandibular fracture displacement of 5 mm or more and fracture location were found to be associated with an increased risk of post-traumatic IAN neurosensory score worsening.

A prospective study evaluating impact on renal function following percutaneous nephrolithotomy using Tc99m ethylenedicysteine renal scan: Does multiplicity of access tracts play a role?

Ram Yadav,Samarth Agarwal,Satyanarayan Sankhwar,Apul Goel,Manoj Kumar,Manmeet Singh,Ruchir Aeron,Vikas Kumar 대한비뇨의학회 2019 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.60 No.1

Purpose: A prospective study evaluating impact of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) on renal function following PCNL using ethylenedicysteine (EC) renal scan. Does multiplicity of access tracts play a role?Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was done and patients undergoing PCNL for renal calculi at our urology department were selected. Renal Tc99m EC scan was done pre-surgery and at 3 months follow-up. An assessment was done on decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in postoperative period based on number of access tracts required. Results: A total of 110 patients were enrolled in the study. The total number of punctures was 170 with 141 being supra-costal puncture and 29 infra-costal. The total number of single punctures were 60 and classified as Group I whereas patients with double puncture and triple puncture (40 and 10 patients, respectively) were classified as Group II. Mean postoperative split renal function (in Tc99m EC scans) of patients of Group I (40.93±19.62%) was found to be higher than that of Group II (32.82±16.98%). Mean change (decline) in GFR for single, double and triple tracts were 2.68 mL/min, 3.80 mL/min, and 4.2 mL/min, respectively. Conclusions: PCNL used for stone removal can improve renal function by eradicating obstruction; however, this procedure may itself negatively impact the functions of the targeted kidney. Our study showed post PCNL decrease in GFR which worsens with an increasing number of accesses.

Comparison of Spectrum of Complications after Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Patients with or without Preoperative Biliary Stents

( Thakur Deen Yadav ),( Hari Poudel ),( Vikas Gupta ),( Saroj K Sinha ),( Rakesh Kochhar ),( Virendra Singh ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) prior to Pancraticoduodenectomy (PD) continues to be routine in many centres despite sufficient evidence showing PBD to increase perioperative complications. This study was planned to see complications of PD and compare between stented and non-stented. Methods: Total 59 patients were enrolled in a period of one and half year. During surgery bile aspirate was sent routinely for culture sensitivity. Drain fluid amylase and LFT were obtained on day 3, 7 and 10. Morbidity was graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Pancreatic fistula, haemorrhage and DGE were documented as per international guidelins. USG Abdomen was done on POD7. Patients were assessed daily for complications as per ISGPS definition. Results: Fifty Nine patients were enrolled. 21 were stented and 38 were not stented. Median age was 62 and 55 respectively.. DGE in 13 stented and 24 non-stented patients. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 7 (33%) stented and 8(21%) non -stented group. No significant difference was found in two groups.Fever was documented in 5 stented and 4 non-stented . Post PD haemorrhage occured in three patients and no difference between scented and non-stented. Bile culture was sterile in Two (9.5%) stented and 28 (73%) non stented patients. This was significant. Enterococci were most common isolate on stented patients accounting for 33% . E coli were most common among non-stetted . Conclusions: We could not find significant difference in morbidity, hospital stay and operative time between the stented and non-stented groups after Pancreaticoduodenectomy. There was significant difference in bile culture positivity.

2D materials: increscent quantum flatland with immense potential for applications

Ranjan Pranay,Gaur Snehraj,Yadav Himanshu,Urgunde Ajay B.,Singh Vikas,Patel Avit,Vishwakarma Kusum,Kalirawana Deepak,Gupta Ritu,Kumar Prashant 나노기술연구협의회 2022 Nano Convergence Vol.9 No.26

Quantum flatland i.e., the family of two dimensional (2D) quantum materials has become increscent and has already encompassed elemental atomic sheets (Xenes), 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), 2D metal nitrides/carbides/carbonitrides (MXenes), 2D metal oxides, 2D metal phosphides, 2D metal halides, 2D mixed oxides, etc. and still new members are being explored. Owing to the occurrence of various structural phases of each 2D material and each exhibiting a unique electronic structure; bestows distinct physical and chemical properties. In the early years, world record electronic mobility and fractional quantum Hall effect of graphene attracted attention. Thanks to excellent electronic mobility, and extreme sensitivity of their electronic structures towards the adjacent environment, 2D materials have been employed as various ultrafast precision sensors such as gas/fire/light/strain sensors and in trace-level molecular detectors and disease diagnosis. 2D materials, their doped versions, and their hetero layers and hybrids have been successfully employed in electronic/photonic/optoelectronic/spintronic and straintronic chips. In recent times, quantum behavior such as the existence of a superconducting phase in moiré hetero layers, the feasibility of hyperbolic photonic metamaterials, mechanical metamaterials with negative Poisson ratio, and potential usage in second/third harmonic generation and electromagnetic shields, etc. have raised the expectations further. High surface area, excellent young’s moduli, and anchoring/coupling capability bolster hopes for their usage as nanofillers in polymers, glass, and soft metals. Even though lab-scale demonstrations have been showcased, large-scale applications such as solar cells, LEDs, flat panel displays, hybrid energy storage, catalysis (including water splitting and CO2 reduction), etc. will catch up. While new members of the flatland family will be invented, new methods of large-scale synthesis of defect-free crystals will be explored and novel applications will emerge, it is expected. Achieving a high level of in-plane doping in 2D materials without adding defects is a challenge to work on. Development of understanding of inter-layer coupling and its effects on electron injection/excited state electron transfer at the 2D-2D interfaces will lead to future generation heterolayer devices and sensors.