Effects of zolpidem on sleep parameters in patients with cirrhosis and sleep disturbances: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Manoj Kumar Sharma,Sumeet Kainth,Sachin Kumar,Ankit Bhardwaj,Hemant Kumar Agarwal,Rakhi Maiwall,Kapil Dev Jamwal,Saggere Muralikrishna Shasthry,Ankur Jindal,Ashok Choudhary,Lovkesh Anand,Rajender Mal 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.2

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to study the efficacy and safety of zolpidem for sleep disturbances in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: Fifty-two Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class A or B cirrhotics with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5 were randomized to either zolpidem 5 mg daily (n=26) or placebo (n=26) for 4 weeks. Results: The therapy of 4 weeks was completed by 23 patients receiving zolpidem (3 stopped treatment due to excessive daytime drowsiness) and 24 receiving placebo (2 refused to continue the study). In the zolpidem group, after 4 weeks of therapy, there was significant increase in total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency compared to baseline and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance (i.e., decrease in sleep latency time, decrease in wake time, and decreases in number of arousals and periodic limbs movements per hour of sleep), without any significant change in sleep architecture. Conclusions: Four weeks of 5 mg daily zolpidem in CTP class A or B cirrhosis patients with insomnia led to significant increases in TST and sleep efficiency and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance without any significant change in sleep architecture.

Characterization of Ti–Al Intermetallic Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying Process

Manoj Kumar Yadav,Arshad Noor Siddiquee,Zahid A. Khan 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

Mechanical alloying (MA) of Al60Ti40 (wt%) has been successfully done by using a planetary ball mill having mixed ballsof 5 mm and 15 mm diameter to refne the crystallite size of the elemental powder and to get the new MAed phase of AlTi. The microstructural and morphological analysis of elemental as well as the processed powder was done with help of ScanningElectron Microscope and X-Ray difraction technique. Mechanical alloying of elemental Al and Ti resulted in the formationof AlTi phases with the refection of α-Ti3Al and TiAl3. The average particle size was reduced around 7 times after 60 h ofmilling. The mean crystallite size of MAed powder was also reduced up to 85 nm after 60 h of mechanical alloying undercontrolled conditions.

Accurate Computation of Interlaminar Stresses in Composite Blades Using Multifield Variational Formulation

Manoj Kumar Dhadwal,Sung Nam Jung(정성남) 한국항공우주학회 2018 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

Genome Organization in Coffee as Revealed by EST PCRRFLP, SNPs and SSR Analysis

Manoj Kumar Mishra,Patrizia Tornincasa,Barbara De Nardi,Elisa Asquini,René Dreos,Lorenzo Del Terra,Rajkumar Rathinavelu,Paola Rovelli,Alberto Pallavicini,Giorgio Graziosi 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.1

An EST-based PCR-RFLP method was employed to gain insight into genome organization in eight allopolyploid Coffea arabica cultivars and seven diploid coffee species. The PCR-amplified products at 19 EST loci were digested with 46 different restriction enzymes and size fractioned in agarose gels. Most often, the sum of the fragments length was double or more than the PCR product. In arabica, this condition could be explained by assuming the presence of duplicated loci in paralogous chromosomes and this was supported by considerable evidence of multiple loci SSR amplification. Based on the RFLP analysis, 12 EST loci were polymorphic. The level of polymorphism was higher in different species compared to the arabica varieties. Sequencing of the amplified products revealed a SNP frequency of 0.021 among diploid species and of 0.007 among arabica varieties. We propose that the involvement of two genomes in C. arabica maintains a residual level of heterozygosity in the form of paralogous chromosomes, while the self-fertilization in this species tends to drive of homozygosity. The heterozygosity of paralogous chromosomes in arabica creates valuable polymorphism essential for species diversity and survival in various ecological niches, while self-fertility tends to preserve in homozygosity many genes of functional significance.

Paruthi Paal, a nutrient-rich healthy drink from cottonseed: an Indian delicacy

Manoj Kumar 한국식품연구원 2019 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.6 No.-

Paruthi Paal is a very nutritious drink that is very much popular in the Tamil Nadu state of India. Paruthi Paal is regarded as “triple-nutrient” as it is a very rich source of protein, essential fatty acids, and sugars and can be called as an energy drink. The present paper will be focussed on developing a process protocol for the preparation of the nutrient-rich product “Paruthi Paal” from the traditional knowledge available. The paper also focusses on typical ingredients required for making this healthy drink. Further, this paper will present various health benefits of cottonseed which includes healing of stomach ulcer, regulation of menstrual cycle, curing cold and cough, maintaining blood pressure and also acting as an antioxidant. Overall, the study leads to a development of a protocol and a traditional delicious product (Paruthi Paal) with a view to popularise among other parts of the globe.

Dietary Changes Leading to Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Users: A Challenge for Primary Care Physicians?

Manoj Kumar Reddy Somagutta,Utkarsha Uday,Nishat Shama,Narayana Reddy Bathula,Siva Pendyala,Ashwini Mahadevaiah,Greta Mahmutaj,Ngaba Negumadji Ngardig 대한가정의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.43 No.6

Background: The use of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA) related to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in-hibitors (SGLT2i) use in people with diabetes has been increasingly reported. The causes are multifactorial, and di-etary changes in SGLT2i users were observed to trigger EDKA. A ketogenic diet or very low-carbohydrate diet (VLCD) enhances body ketosis by breaking down fats into energy sources, causing EDKA. This study aimed to un-derstand the patient specific risk factors and clinical characteristics of this cohort. Methods: Several databases were carefully analyzed to understand the patients’ symptoms, clinical profile, labora-tory results, and safety of dietary changes in SGLT2i’s. Thirteen case reports identifying 14 patients on a ketogenic diet and SGLT2i’s diagnosed with EDKA were reviewed. Results: Of the 14 patients, 12 (85%) presented with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 2 (15%) presented with type-1 DM. The duration of treatment with SGLT2i before the onset of EDKA varies from 1 to 365 days. The duration of consuming a ketogenic diet or VLCD before EDKA onset varies from 1 to 90 days, with over 90% of patients hospi-talized <4 weeks after starting the diet. At presentation, average blood glucose was 167.50±41.80 mg/dL, pH 7.10±0.10, HCO3 8.1±3.0 mmol/L, potassium 4.2±1.1 mEq/L, anion-gap 23.6±3.5 mmol/L, and the average hemo-globin A1c was 10%±2.4%. The length of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 15 days. None of the patients were reinitiated on SGLT2i’s, and 50% (2/4) of the patients reported were on the ketogenic diet or VLCD upon patient questioning.Conclusion: Despite the popularity of the ketogenic diet and VLCD for weight loss, their use in diabetics taking SGLT2i’s is associated with EDKA. Physicians should educate patients with diabetes taking SGLT2i’s about the risk of EDKA. In addition, patients should be encouraged to include their physicians in any decision related to signifi-cant changes in diet or exercise routines. Further research is needed to address if SGLT2i’s should be permanently discontinued in patients with diabetes on SGLT2i and whether the ketogenic diet developed EDKA.

Effect of Three-dimensional Warping on Stiffness Constants of Closed Section Composite Beams

Manoj Kumar Dhadwal,Sung Nam Jung 한국항공우주학회 2017 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.18 No.3

This paper focuses on the investigation of three-dimensional (3D) warping effect on the stiffness constants of composite beams with closed section profiles. A finite element (FE) cross-sectional analysis is developed based on the Reissner"s multifield variational principle. The 3D in-plane and out-of-plane warping displacements, and sectional stresses are approximated as linear functions of generalized sectional stress resultants at the global level and as FE shape functions at the local sectional level. The classical elastic couplings are taken into account which include transverse shear and Poisson deformation effects. A generalized Timoshenko level 6×6 stiffness matrix is computed for closed section composite beams with and without warping. The effect of neglecting the 3D warping on stiffness constants is shown to be significant indicating large errors as high as 93.3%.

Biological Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oil

Manoj Kumar,a),Vladimir Leon,a) 한국생물공학회 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.6

Heavy crudes (bitumen) are extremely viscous and contain high concentrations of asphaltene, resins, nitrogen and sulfur containing heteroaromatics and several metals, particularly nickel and vanadium. These properties of heavy crude oil present serious operational problems in heavy oil production and downstream processing. There are vast deposits of heavy crude oils in many parts of the world. In fact, these reserves are estimated at more than seven times the known remaining reserves of conventional crude oils. It has been proven that reserves of conventional crude oil are being depleted, thus there is a growing interest in the utilization of these vast resources of unconventional oils to produce refined fuels and petrochemicals by upgrading. Presently, the methods used for reducing viscosity and upgradation is cost intensive, less selective and environmentally reactive. Biological processing of heavy crudes may provide an eco-friendly alternative or complementary process with less severe process conditions and higher selectivity to specific reactions to upgrade heavy crude oil. This review describes the prospects and strengths of biological processes for upgrading of heavy crude oil.

Novel visible-light-driven cobalt loaded neutralized red mud (Co/NRM) composite with photocatalytic activity toward methylene blue dye degradation

Manoj Kumar Sahu,Raj Kishore Patel 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.40 No.-

Cobalt doped neutralized red mud (Co/NRM) nanocomposite materials were prepared by impregnationmethod for the photodegradation of methylene blue dye under solar light irradiation. Different Co/NRMcatalysts were prepared by varying the weight ratio of Co and NRM and characterized by differentinstrumental techniques. Under solar light 97.21% degradation was observed in the presence of 0.08 g ofCo/NRM (Co:NRM::20:80) photocatalyst within 150 min for 20 mg/L methylene blue solution at pH9. These results underline the potential use of effective, low-cost and easily available photocatalysts forthe promotion of water splitting and environmental remediation under natural sunlight.

Retrotransposons: the intrinsic genomic evolutionist

Manoj Kumar Rajput 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.2

This review is confined to a handful andessential information on retrotransposons from varioussystems/hosts. The main objective of this review to explainthat retrotransposons play a significant role in evolution bystructuring and restructuring of genomes. The implicationsdue to their structure and method of propagation makesthem agents of genome evolution and biodiversity. Theobesity of complex genomes is granted by diverse populationof retrotransposons. The diversity at every level ofbiological organization including species, individualorganism and molecules such as nucleic acid and proteinsgives rise to evolution. The mechanism of regulation andactivation of retrotransposons indicates that the retrotranaposons,which were earlier considered as junk, are veryimportant for development of an organism and these elementsplay significant role in biological evolution. Thesimilarity of retrotransposons with endoretroviruses bringsthem closer to retroviruses and helps to understand phylogenetics. The continued inheritance of retrotransposonsmay be due to evolutionary process that creates and preservestraits that are seemingly fitted for the functionalroles they perform.