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( Jun Kato ),( Sakiko Hiraoka ),( Asuka Nakarai ),( Shiho Takashima ),( Toshihiro Inokuchi ),( Masao Ichinose ) 대한장연구학회 2016 Intestinal Research Vol.14 No.1
Accurate evaluation of disease activity is essential for choosing an appropriate treatment and follow-up plan for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Endoscopy is required for accurately evaluating disease activity, but the procedures are sometimes invasive and burdensome to patients. Therefore, alternative non-invasive methods for evaluating or predicting disease activity including mucosal status are desirable. Fecal calprotectin (Fcal) is the most widely used fecal marker for IBD, and many articles have described the performance of the marker in predicting disease activity, mucosal healing (MH), treatment efficacy, and risk of relapse. Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) can quantify the concentration of hemoglobin in stool and was originally used for the screening of colorectal cancer. We recently reported that FIT is also a useful biomarker for IBD. A direct comparison between the use of Fcal and FIT showed that both methods predicted MH in ulcerative colitis equally well. However, in the case of Crohn’s disease, FIT was less sensitive to lesions in the small intestine, compared to Fcal. FIT holds several advantages over Fcal in regards to user-friendliness, including a lower cost, easy and clean handling, and the ability to make rapid measurements by using an automated measurement system. However, there is insufficient data to support the application of FIT in IBD. Further studies into the use of FIT for evaluating the inflammatory status of IBD are warranted. (Intest Res 2016;14:5-14)
Sakiko Hiraoka,Toshihiro Inokuchi,Asuka Nakarai,Shiho Takashima,Daisuke Takei,Yuusaku Sugihara,Masahiro Takahara,Keita Harada,Hiroyuki Okada,Jun Kato 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2018 Gut and Liver Vol.12 No.2
Background/Aims: Both fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and fecal calprotectin (Fcal) results are useful biomarkers for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the situations in which each marker should be used are largely unknown. Methods: A total of 110 colonoscopy intervals of UC patients were assessed, and correlations between changes in colonoscopic findings and changes in the two aforementioned fecal markers were examined. Results: Among patients with mucosal healing (MH) and negative FIT or Fcal results at the initial colonoscopy, FIT and Fcal findings exhibited accuracies of 93% (38/41) and 79% (26/33), respectively, for predicting the results of the subsequent examination. Among the 24 patients who showed endoscopic activity at the precedent colonoscopy and MH at the subsequent examination, positive-to-negative conversion of FIT and Fcal findings at the subsequent examination was observed in 92% (12/13) and 62% (8/13) of patients, respectively. Among the 43 patients who showed endoscopic activity at both the precedent and subsequent examinations, Fcal findings reflected the change in endoscopic activity better than FIT results (r=0.59, p<0.0001 vs r=0.30, p=0.054). Conclusions: The FIT is useful for confirming MH and the occurrence of relapse. In contrast, Fcal is useful for monitoring the mucosal status of patients with active inflammation.
( Sakiko Hiraoka ),( Shiho Takashima ),( Toshihiro Inokuchi ),( Asuka Nakarai ),( Masahiro Takahara ),( Keita Harada ),( Yasuhiro Seki ),( Katsunori Watanabe ),( Jun Kato ),( Hiroyuki Okada ) 대한장연구학회 2019 Intestinal Research Vol.17 No.2
Background/Aims: Fecal calprotectin (Fcal) as well as the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are useful biomarkers for detecting activity and mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel diseases. Here, we report the performance of simultaneous measurements of Fcal and FIT for ulcerative colitis (UC) patients using the newly-developed latex agglutination turbidimetric immunoassay (LATIA) system. Methods: Fcal and hemoglobin were measured by the LATIA system in 152 UC patients who underwent colonoscopy. Fcal was also quantified with a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fecal markers were evaluated in conjunction with the mucosal status of UC, which was assessed via the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) classification. Results: The LATIA system could quantify calprotectin and hemoglobin simultaneously with the same fecal samples within 10 minutes. The values of the Fcal-LATIA closely correlated with those of the Fcal-ELISA (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, r=0.84; P<0.0001). The values of Fcal for each assay and the FIT all significantly correlated with the MESs (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, Fcal-LATIA: r=0.58, Fcal-ELISA: r=0.55, and FIT: r=0.72). The mucosal healing predictability (determined by an MES of 0 alone) of the Fcal-LATIA, Fcal-ELISA, and FIT-LATIA with the cutoffs determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was 0.79, 0.78, and 0.92 for sensitivity, respectively, and 0.78, 0.69, and 0.73 for specificity, respectively. Conclusions: The performance of the novel Fcal-LATIA was equivalent to that of the conventional Fcal assay. Simultaneous measurements with FITs would promote the clinical relevance of fecal biomarkers in UC. (Intest Res 2019;17:202-209)
Mucus Plugs and Small Airway Dysfunction in Asthma, COPD, and Asthma-COPD Overlap
Tamura Kanami,Shirai Toshihiro,Hirai Keita,Nakayasu Hiromasa,Takahashi Shingo,Kishimoto Yutaro,Akamatsu Taisuke,Asada Kazuhiro,Kato Satoshi 대한천식알레르기학회 2022 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.14 No.2
Purpose: There are reports concerning mucus plugs detected on high-resolution computed tomography images and airflow obstruction in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about the associations between mucus plugs and small airway dysfunction (SAD). We evaluated the relationship between mucus plugs and pulmonary function in patients with asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO), and investigated the relevance to SAD and type 2 inflammation in a retrospective study. Methods: Subjects included 49 asthmatic, 40 ACO, and 41 COPD patients. ACO was diagnosed based on the Japanese Respiratory Society ACO guidelines. Clinical and laboratory parameters, including blood eosinophil count, serum total IgE levels, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), spirometry, and forced oscillation technique (FOT), were compared between patients with and without mucus plugs. Results: Mucus plugs were found in 29 (59%) asthmatic, 25 (65%) ACO, 17 (41%) COPD patients. Patients with mucus plugs had reduced spirometry and larger FOT parameters, especially in COPD patients. Mucus scores correlated positively with IgE in ACO and FeNO in asthmatic patients, but not in COPD patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SAD parameters, including forced vital capacity and resonant frequency, a respiratory reactance parameter, were significantly associated with the presence of mucus plugs in the whole studied population. Conclusions: SAD, rather than large airway dysfunction, was associated with mucus plugs in asthma, ACO, and COPD patients.
( Asuka Nakarai ),( Jun Kato ),( Sakiko Hiraoka ),( Shiho Takashima ),( Toshihiro Inokuchi ),( Masahiro Takahara ),( Yuusaku Sugihara ),( Keita Harada ),( Hiroyuki Okada ) 대한간학회 2018 Gut and Liver Vol.12 No.4
Background/Aims: Although mucosal healing (MH) has been considered a treatment goal for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), the risk factors predictive of relapse in patients who achieve MH are unknown. Because the platelet count has been shown to be a marker of inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases, this study aimed to assess whether the platelet count could predict relapse in UC patients with MH. Methods: A prospective observational study was performed. UC patients with MH were consecutively enrolled in the study and monitored for at least 2 years or until relapse. The correlation between the incidence of relapse and the platelet count at the time of study enrollment was examined. Results: In total, 43 patients were enrolled, and 14 patients (33%) relapsed. The median platelet count at the time of enrollment in the patients who relapsed significantly differed from that in the patients who did not relapse (27.2×104/μL vs 23.8×104/μL, respectively; p=0.016). A platelet count >25.0×104/μL was a significant risk factor for relapse based on a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 4.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 25.28), and according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, this cutoff could identify patients susceptible to relapse (p=0.041, log-rank test). Conclusions: The platelet count could be used as a predictor of relapse in UC patients with MH. (Gut Liver 2018;12:420-425)
THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF OXIDE CERAMICS
Tsuchida, Kiyoshi,Tanaka, Yasunori,Ifuku, Toshihiro,Nakao, Yoshihiro,Matsuda, Takanori,Nagashima, Satoko,Maeda, Hideaki,Kato, Akio 한국화학공학회 1996 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.13 No.5
Thermoelectric properties of several oxides were investigated. Al₂O₃-, TiO₂- or ZrO₂-doped ZnO showed large power factor over the wide temperature range. Fe₂O₂ showed large power factor by doping of TiO₂. BaO-doped RuO₂, BaRuO₃ and CaRuO₃ showed large power factor at high temperature. Improvement of electrical conductivity by doping was effective to increase power factor in these oxide materials.
Hiroaki Kawanishi,Katsuhiro Ito,Satoshi Kamido,Yuka Kohno,Toshihiro Uemura,Keiji Kato,Hirotsugu Uetsuki,Hitoshi Ohno,Kazuhiro Okumura 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.6
Purpose: Laparoscopic urologists are familiar with both transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches. That experience is an advantage when devising a strategy for intra-abdominal lymph node biopsy. We report the feasibility and effectiveness of laparoscopic biopsy using a urological laparoscopic technique for the treatment of patients with clinically suspected intra-abdominal lymphoma. Materials and Methods: From October 2010 to April 2015, a total of 22 patients underwent laparoscopic biopsy for suspected intra-abdominal lymphoma. We adopted a retroperitoneal approach for paraaortic or paracaval masses, whereas we used a transperitoneal approach for mesenteric, iliac, or obturator masses. Whenever possible, an entire node was removed; otherwise, the biopsy consisted of wedge resection sized at least 1 cm3. Results: Biopsy specimens were obtained from the following lymph node sites: 10 paraaortic, 5 paracaval, 3 mesenteric, 2 obturator, 1 common iliac, and 1 perinephric fat. Laparoscopic lymph node biopsy was completed in all patients, and there were no conversions to open surgery. The median operating time was 97 minutes (range, 62–167 minutes). The estimated blood loss was <50 mL in all cases. Postoperatively, one patient (4.5%) had symptomatic chylous lymphocele that required surgical intervention. Precise diagnosis was established for all patients: malignant lymphoma in 20 patients and metastatic urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of unknown origin in 1 patient each. All lymphomas could be fully subclassified. Conclusions: Appropriate use of the transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach is safe and effective for laparoscopic lymph node biopsy in patients with suspected intra-abdominal lymphoma.