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Analysis of Various Cryptography Techniques : A Survey
Neha Tayal,Ritesh Bansal,Shailender Gupta,Sangeeta Dhall 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.8
Maintaining the confidentiality of data during communication has always been a prime concern of many researchers. Several encryption mechanisms have been developed in order to protect the secret data from the access of unauthorized users. Encryption can be thought of as a set of instruction used for conversion of data from a readable state to nonsense form. An encryption scheme is said to be effective if it provides high security, low computational time and high brute force search time for hackers. This paper is an effort to compare all the text based encryption schemes mentioned in literature. These schemes are implemented in MATLAB-2010 and their efficacy is compared based on various performance metrics such as time complexity, Correlation, Key sensitivity analysis, Differential attack analysis and Entropy. These results can be fruitful for researchers working in this direction.
Rajiv Azad,Mohit Tayal,Sheenam Azad,Garima Sharma,Rajendra Kumar Srivastava 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.6
Objective: To compare the contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE-FLAIR), the CE T1-weighted (CE-T1W) sequence with fat suppression (FS) and magnetization transfer (MT) for early detection and characterization of infectious meningitis. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients and 10 control subjects were evaluated with the CE-FLAIR and the CE-T1W sequences with FS and MT. Qualitative assessment was done by two observers for presence and grading of abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement. Quantitative assessment included computation of net meningeal enhancement, using single pixel signal intensity software. A newly devised FLAIR based scoring system, based on certain imaging features including ventricular dilatation, ependymal enhancement, infarcts and subdural effusions was used to indicate the etiology. Data were analysed using the Student’s t test, Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the intraclass correlation coefficient, one way analysis of variance, and Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni correction as the post hoc test. Results: The CE-FLAIR sequence demonstrated a better sensitivity (100%), diagnostic accuracy (95%), and a stronger correlation with the cerebrospinal fluid, total leukocyte count (r = 0.75), protein (r = 0.77), adenosine deaminase (r = 0.81) and blood glucose (r = -0.6) values compared to the CE-T1W sequences. Qualitative grades and quantitative meningeal enhancement on the CE-FLAIR sequence were also significantly greater than those on the other sequences. The FLAIR based scoring system yielded a diagnostic accuracy of 91.6% and a sensitivity of 96%. A strong inverse Pearson’s correlation (r = -0.95) was found between the assigned score and patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale at the time of admission. Conclusion: The CE-FLAIR sequence is better suited for evaluating infectious meningitis and could be included as a part of the routine MR imaging protocol.
Muchahary Deboraj,Ram Lakum Sai,Narzary Rewrewa,Sahu Partha Pratim,Bhattarai Sagar,Tayal Shubham 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.38 No.-
In this work coupled ZnO⋅SnO2 nanocomposite has been used as heterojunction partner to Si for photovoltaic application and its performance is optimized. The interface defect more than 1012 cm-2 reduces the short circuit current density, fill factor and efficiency of the device. In addition, the best device performance is observed at the vicinity of 280K. The junction of the device has a dark saturation current density and ideality factor of the order of 10-4 Acm-2 and 21 respectively. In addition, four different organic materials are used as back surface field layer (BSL) to the same device and performance is improved. The best conversion efficiency and open circuit voltage as high as 4.1% and 0.591 V respectively are obtained for the device with CuSCN as BSL. Consequently, a range of combined values of the energy band gap and electron affinity of the BSL materials are examined for optimal device performance.
Sandip Bhattacharya,Mohammed Imran Hussain,John Ajayan,Shubham Tayal,Louis Maria Irudaya Leo Joseph,Sreedhar Kollem,Usha Desai,Syed Musthak Ahmed,Ravichander Janapati 한국전자통신연구원 2023 ETRI Journal Vol.45 No.5
In this study, we designed a 6T-SRAM cell using 16-nm CMOS process and analyzed the performance in terms of read-speed latency. The temperaturedependent Cu and multilayered graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR)-based nanointerconnect materials is used throughout the circuit (primarily bit/bit-bars [red lines] and word lines [write lines]). Here, the read speed analysis is performed with four different chip operating temperatures (150K, 250K, 350K, and 450K) using both Cu and graphene nanoribbon (GNR) nano-interconnects with different interconnect lengths (from 10 μm to 100 μm), for reading-0 and reading-1 operations. To execute the reading operation, the CMOS technology, that is, the16-nm PTM-HPC model, and the16-nm interconnect technology, that is, ITRS-13, are used in this application. The complete design is simulated using TSPICE simulation tools (by Mentor Graphics). The read speed latency increases rapidly as interconnect length increases for both Cu and GNR interconnects. However, the Cu interconnect has three to six times more latency than the GNR. In addition, we observe that the reading speed latency for the GNR interconnect is ~10.29 ns for wide temperature variations (150K to 450K), whereas the reading speed latency for the Cu interconnect varies between ~32 ns and 65 ns for the same temperature ranges. The above analysis is useful for the design of next generation, high-speed memories using different nano-interconnect materials.