Factors Affecting the Vineyard Populational Diversity of Plasmopara viticola

Susana Boso,Pilar Gago,José-Luis Santiago,María de la Fuente,María-Carmen Martínez 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.2

Vitis vinifera is very susceptible to downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). A number of authors have suggested different genetic populations of this fungus exist in Europe, each showing a different degree of virulence. Work performed to date indicates this diversity to be the result of different factors. In areas where gene flow is greater and recombination more frequent, the diversity of P. viticola appears to be wider. In vineyards isolated by geographic barriers, a race may become dominant and produce clonal epidemics driven by asexual reproduction. The aim of the present work was to identify the conditions that influence the genetic diversity of P. viticola populations in the vineyards of northwestern Spain, where the climatic conditions for the growth of this fungus are very good. Vineyards situated in a closed, narrow valley of the interior, in more open valleys, and on the coast were sampled and the populations of P. viticola detected were differentiated at the molecular level through the examination of microsatellite markers. The populations of P. viticola represented in primary and secondary infections were investigated in the same way. The concentration of airborne sporangia in the vegetative cycle was also examined, as was the virulence of the different P. viticola populations detected. The epidemiological characteristics of the fungus differed depending on the degree of isolation of the vineyard, the airborne spore concentration, and on whether the attack was primary or secondary. Strong isolation was associated with the appearance of dominant fungal races and, therefore, reduced populational diversity.

Use of Skull Vibration-Induced Nystagmus in the Follow-up of Patients With Ménière Disease Treated With Intratympanic Gentamicin

Susana Marcos Alonso,Nicole Almeida Ayerve,Chiara Monopoli Roca,Guillermo Coronel Touma,Juan Carlos del Pozo de Dios,Hortensia Sánchez Gómez,Santiago Santa Cruz Ruíz,Ángel Batuecas Caletrío 대한이비인후과학회 2023 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.16 No.3

Objectives. Ménière disease (MD) is an idiopathic disorder that affects hearing and inner ear balance. Intratympanic genta-micin (ITG) is recognized as an effective treatment for uncontrolled MD characterized by persistent vertigo attacksdespite therapy. The video head impulse test (vHIT) and skull vibration-induced nystagmus (SVIN) are validated meth-ods for evaluating vestibular function. A progressive linear relationship has been identified between the slow-phasevelocity (SPV) of SVIN determined using a 100-Hz skull vibrator and the gain difference (healthy ear/affected ear)measured by vHIT. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the SPV of SVIN was associated with the recoveryof vestibular function following ITG treatment. Consequently, we sought to determine whether SVIN could predictthe onset of new vertigo attacks in patients with MD who were treated with ITG. Methods. A prospective longitudinal case-control study was conducted. Several variables were recorded post-ITG and through-out the follow-up period, followed by statistical analyses. Two groups were compared: patients who experienced ver-tigo attacks 6 months after ITG and those who did not. Results. The sample comprised 88 patients diagnosed with MD who underwent ITG treatment. Of the 18 patients who ex-perienced recurring vertigo attacks, 15 demonstrated gain recovery in the affected ear. However, all 18 patients ex-hibited a decrease in the SPV of SVIN. Conclusion. The SPV of SVIN may be more sensitive than vHIT in identifying the recovery of vestibular function followingITG administration. To our knowledge, this is the first study to illustrate the link between a reduction in SPV and thelikelihood of vertigo episodes in patients with MD who have been treated with ITG.

Factors Affecting the Vineyard Populational Diversity of Plasmopara viticola

Boso, Susana,Gago, Pilar,Santiago, Jose-Luis,de la Fuente, Maria,Martinez, Maria-Carmen The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.2

Vitis vinifera is very susceptible to downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). A number of authors have suggested different genetic populations of this fungus exist in Europe, each showing a different degree of virulence. Work performed to date indicates this diversity to be the result of different factors. In areas where gene flow is greater and recombination more frequent, the diversity of P. viticola appears to be wider. In vineyards isolated by geographic barriers, a race may become dominant and produce clonal epidemics driven by asexual reproduction. The aim of the present work was to identify the conditions that influence the genetic diversity of P. viticola populations in the vineyards of northwestern Spain, where the climatic conditions for the growth of this fungus are very good. Vineyards situated in a closed, narrow valley of the interior, in more open valleys, and on the coast were sampled and the populations of P. viticola detected were differentiated at the molecular level through the examination of microsatellite markers. The populations of P. viticola represented in primary and secondary infections were investigated in the same way. The concentration of airborne sporangia in the vegetative cycle was also examined, as was the virulence of the different P. viticola populations detected. The epidemiological characteristics of the fungus differed depending on the degree of isolation of the vineyard, the airborne spore concentration, and on whether the attack was primary or secondary. Strong isolation was associated with the appearance of dominant fungal races and, therefore, reduced populational diversity.

Unilateral Punctate Keratitis Secondary to Wallenberg Syndrome

Pino Cidad,Ana Boto,Almudena Del Hierro,Maria Capote,Susana Noval,Amanda Garcia,Susana Santiago 대한안과학회 2014 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.28 No.3

We studied three patients who developed left unilateral punctate keratitis after suffering left-sidedWallenberg Syndrome. A complex evolution occurred in two of them. In all cases, neurophysiologicalstudies showed damage in the trigeminal sensory component at the bulbar level. Corneal involvementsecondary to Wallenberg syndrome is a rare cause of unilateral superficial punctate keratitis. The lossof corneal sensitivity caused by trigeminal neuropathy leads to epithelial erosions that are frequentlyunobserved by the patient, resulting in a high risk of corneal-ulcer development with the possibility ofsuperinfection. Neurophysiological studies can help to locate the anatomical level of damage at theophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, confirming the suspected etiology of stroke, and demonstratingthat prior vascular involvement coincides with the location of trigeminal nerve damage. In some of thesepatients, oculofacial pain is a distinctive feature.

Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Newcastle Disease Virus Strain P05 in a Breast Cancer Mouse Model

Oscar Antonio Ortega-Rivera,Pamela Gallegos-Alcalá,Mariela Jiménez,J. Luis Quintanar,Flor Torres-Juarez,Bruno Rivas-Santiago,Susana del Toro-Arreola,Eva Salinas 한국유방암학회 2023 Journal of breast cancer Vol.26 No.2

Purpose: Conventional therapies and surgery remain the standard treatment for breast cancer. However, combating the eventual development of metastasis is still a challenge. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the various species of viruses under clinical evaluation as a vector for oncolytic, gene-, and immune-stimulating therapies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of a recombinant NDV (rNDV-P05) in a breast cancer murine model. Methods: Tumors were induced by injecting the cellular suspension (4T1 cell line) subcutaneously. The virus strain P05 was applied three times at intervals of seven days, starting seven days after tumor induction, and was completed 21 days later. Determination of tumor weight, spleen index, and lung metastasis were done after sacrificing the mice. Serum levels of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD8+ infiltrated cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Results: rNDV-P05 showed a route-of-administration-dependent effect, demonstrating that the systemic administration of the virus significantly reduces the tumor mass and volume, spleen index, and abundance of metastatic clonogenic colonies in lung tissue, and increases the inhibition rate of the tumor. The intratumoral administration of rNDV-P05 was ineffective for all the parameters evaluated. Antitumor and antimetastatic capability of rNDV-P05 is mediated, at least partially, through its immune-stimulatory effect on the upregulation of TNF-α, TRAIL, IFN-α, and IFN-γ, and its ability to recruit CD8+ T cells into tumor tissue. Conclusion: Systemic treatment with rNDV-P05 decreases the tumoral parameters in the breast cancer murine model.