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Kwang Sik Lee,Zhigang Hu,Young Moo Choo,Mi Ri Sohn,Hyung Joo Yoon,Sang Mong Lee,Hung Dae Sohn,Byung Rae Jin 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10
We cloned and characterized two peroxiredoxins (Prxs), BiPrx1 (a 1-Cys Prx) and BiTPx1 (a 2-Cys Prx) from the bumblebee Bombus ignitus. The BiPrx1 gene consists of 5 exons, encoding 220 amino acid residues with one conserved cysteine residue. The BiTPx1 gene consists of three exons, encoding 195 amino acid residues with 2 conserved cysteine residues. Recombinant BiPrx1 (27 kDa) and BiTPx1 (25 kDa), expressed in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells, reduced H2O2 in the presence of electrons donated by dithiothreitol. Unlike BiTPx1, however, BiPrx1 did not show reduction activity when thioredoxin was used as the electron donor. Both BiPrx1 and BiTPx1 protected super-coiled DNA from damage by metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) in vitro. Tissue distribution analyses showed the presence of BiPrx1 and BiTPx1 in the fat body, midgut, muscle and epidermis, but not in the hemolymph, suggesting that BiPrx1 and BiTPx1 are not secretable. When H2O2 was injected into B. ignitus bees, BiPrx1 and BiTPx1 transcripts were acutely up-regulated in the fat body tissues. We also demonstrated regulation of BiPrx1 and BiTPx1 expression via reduction of transcript levels in the fat body with RNA interference (RNAi). Under H2O2 overload, the RNAi-induced BiPrx1 knock-down B. ignitus worker bees showed up-regulated expression of BiTPx1. Reciprocally, BiTPx1 RNAi knockdowns showed up-regulated BiPrx1 expression in the fat body. These results indicate that loss of expression of BiPrx1 or BiTPx1 is compensated by up-regulation of expression of the other peroxidase in response to H2O2 overload.
Immunotoxicological Effects of Aripiprazole: <em>In vivo</em> and <em>In vitro</em> Studies
Kwang-Soo Baek,Shinbyoung Ahn,Jaehwi Lee,Ji Hye Kim,Han Gyung Kim,Eunji Kim,Jun Ho Kim,Nak Yoon Sung,Sungjae Yang,Mi Seon Kim,Sungyoul Hong,Jong-Hoon Kim,Jae Youl Cho 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.4
Aripiprazole (ARI) is a commonly prescribed medication used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. To date, there have been no studies regarding the molecular pathological and immunotoxicological profiling of aripiprazole. Thus, in the present study, we prepared two different formulas of aripiprazole [Free base crystal of aripiprazole (ARPGCB) and cocrystal of aripiprazole (GCB3004)], and explored their effects on the patterns of survival and apoptosis-regulatory proteins under acute toxicity and cytotoxicity test conditions. Furthermore, we also evaluated the modulatory activity of the different formulations on the immunological responses in macrophages primed by various stimulators such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), pam3CSK, and poly(I:C) via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, and TLR3 pathways, respectively. In liver, both ARPGCB and GCB3004 produced similar toxicity profiles. In particular, these two formulas exhibited similar phospho-protein profiling of p65/nuclear factor (NF)-κB, c-Jun/activator protein (AP)-1, ERK, JNK, p38, caspase 3, and bcl-2 in brain. In contrast, the patterns of these phospho-proteins were variable in other tissues. Moreover, these two formulas did not exhibit any cytotoxicity in C6 glioma cells. Finally, the two formulations at available <em>in vivo</em> concentrations did not block nitric oxide (NO) production from activated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS, pam3CSK, or poly(I:C), nor did they alter the morphological changes of the activated macrophages. Taken together, our present work, as a comparative study of two different formulas of aripiprazole, suggests that these two formulas can be used to achieve similar functional activation of brain proteins related to cell survival and apoptosis and immunotoxicological activities of macrophages.
Quality Characteristics of Beef by Different Cooking Methods for Frozen Home Meal Replacements
Kwang Il Kim,Sang Yoon Lee,In Guk Hwang,Seon Mi Yoo,Sang Gi Min,Mi Jung Choi 한국축산식품학회 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.4
Blanching beef for use in home meal replacements (HMR) is an important process that determines the final quality of the beef after the cooking process. Thermal pretreatment also minimizes the change in quality during the main cooking process or storage. In this study, beef samples were washed and sliced, then treated by immersion in boiling water (1-10 min), steaming (1-10 min), or pan-frying in oil (30-240 s). The color after each thermal treatment showed higher L* and b* values and lower a* values compared with the raw beef, except for the pan-frying thermal treatment. The total color difference (ΔE) and pH value were significantly increased by panfrying (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the shear force of the beef samples, except for the sample pan-fried for 210 s. The nutritional content of beef was measured as the moisture, protein, fat, and ash contents, which were 69.96, 16.64, 3.49, and 1.13%, respectively, in raw beef. After thermal treatment, the crude protein and fat contents were increased, whereas the moisture and ash contents decreased. The mineral content, including Na, Mg, Fe, and Ca was highest after pan-frying. The heat treatment decreased microorganisms in all the samples. The total bacteria count in raw beef was 4.5-4.7 Log CFU/g, whereas the bacteria count decreased to 2.2- 2.8 Log CFU/g after blanching. Thermophilic bacteria, coliform, mold, and yeast not detected in any thermally treated sample.
Microsatellite Alterations in Serum DNA of Lung Cancer Patients
Sang Cheul Oh,Young Do Yoo,So Young Yoon,Seok Jin Kim,Jae Hong Seo,Kwang Taek Kim,Sang Won Shin,Yo Han Kim,Yeul Hong Kim,Jun Suk Kim 대한암학회 2003 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.35 No.4
Purpose: Neoplastic progression is accompanied bymultiple genetic alterations, which include the functionalloss of tumor suppressor genes, and tumorspecific genetic alterations are increasingly being investigatedas molecular tumor markers. Recently,genetic changes including microsatellite alterationshave been found in the serum DNA of cancer patients.Many studies have shown that alterations in the DNAisolated from serum tend to be identical to thosefound in tumor tissue. If so, serum DNA alterationsmay be very useful for detecting tumoral geneticchanges. The aim of this study was to detect chromosome3p microsatellite alterations, such as loss ofheterozygosity (LOH) and m icrosatellite instability, inthe serum DNA of lung cancer patients.Methods: A total of 46 lung cancer patients wereenrolled in the study. After DNA extraction from bloodlymphocytes and the serum of lung cancer patientsusing a DNA extraction kit, microsatellite alterationswere detected by using different markers (D3S4623,D3S4597, D3S1573).Results: W e found that heterozygotes were presentin 18 of 46 cases (39%) for D3S4623, and LOH wasdetected in two of these 18 cases (11% ). In D3S4597,heterozygotes were present in 26 of 46 cases (56.5%)and LOH was detected in 9 of these 26 heterozygotes(34.6%). Heterozygotes of D3S1573 were present in 19of 46 cases (41.3%) and LOH was detected in 7 of these19 cases (36.8%). The serum DNA of 10 of 26 patientsexhibited LOH in at least one of the three markersinvestigated (38.46%).Conclusion: Our result suggest that the m icrosatellitealterations in tumor DNA can be detected in theserum of lung cancer patients, and that serum DNAmay be usefully used for the diagnosis and screeningof lung cancer. (Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35:289-293)
Yoon No, Da,Lee, Kwang-Ho,Lee, Jaeseo,Lee, Sang-Hoon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Lab on a chip Vol.15 No.19
<▼1><▼1><P>The liver, the largest organ in the human body, is a multi-functional organ with diverse metabolic activities that plays a critical role in maintaining the body and sustaining life.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The liver, the largest organ in the human body, is a multi-functional organ with diverse metabolic activities that plays a critical role in maintaining the body and sustaining life. Although the liver has excellent regenerative and recuperative properties, damages caused by chronic liver diseases or viral infection may lead to permanent loss of liver functions. Studies of liver disease mechanism have focused on drug screening and liver tissue engineering techniques, including strategies based on <I>in vitro</I> models. However, conventional liver models are plagued by a number of limitations, which have motivated the development of ‘liver-on-a-chip’ and microplatform-based bioreactors that can provide well-defined microenvironments. Microtechnology is a promising tool for liver tissue engineering and liver system development, as it can mimic the complex <I>in vivo</I> microenvironment and microlevel ultrastructure, by using a small number of human cells under two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions. These systems provided by microtechnology allow improved liver-specific functions and can be expanded to encompass diverse 3D culture methods, which are critical for the maintenance of liver functions and recapitulation of the features of the native liver. In this review, we provide an overview of microtechnologies that have been used for liver studies, describe biomimetic technologies for constructing microscale 2D and 3D liver models as well as liver-on-a-chip systems and microscale bioreactors, and introduce applications of liver microtechnology and future trends in the field.</P></▼2></▼1>