Projections of summertime ozone concentration over East Asia under multiple IPCC SRES emission scenarios

Lee, Jae-Bum,Cha, Jun-Seok,Hong, Sung-Chul,Choi, Jin-Young,Myoung, Ji-Su,Park, Rokjin J.,Woo, Jung-Hun,Ho, Changhoi,Han, Jin-Seok,Song, Chang-Keun Elsevier 2015 Atmospheric environment Vol.106 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have developed the Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling System (ICAMS) through the one-way nesting of global–regional models to examine the changes in the surface ozone concentrations over East Asia under future climate scenarios. Model simulations have been conducted for the present period of 1996–2005 to evaluate the performance of ICAMS. The simulated surface ozone concentrations reproduced the observed monthly mean concentrations at sites in East Asia with high R<SUP>2</SUP> values (0.4–0.9), indicating a successful simulation to capture both spatial and temporal variability. We then performed several model simulations with the six IPCC SRES scenarios (A2, A1B, A1FI, A1T, B1, and B2) for the next three periods, 2016–2025 (the 2020s), 2046–2055 (the 2050s), and 2091–2100 (the 2090s). The model results show that the projected changes of the annual daily mean maximum eight-hour (DM8H) surface ozone concentrations in summertime for East Asia are in the range of 2–8 ppb, −3 to 8 ppb, and −7 to 9 ppb for the 2020s, the 2050s, and the 2090s, respectively, and are primarily determined based on the emission changes of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC. The maximum increases in the annual DM8H surface ozone and high-ozone events occur in the 2020s for all scenarios except for A2, implying that the air quality over East Asia is likely to get worse in the near future period (the 2020s) than in the far future periods (the 2050s and the 2090s). The changes in the future environment based on IPCC SRES scenarios would also influence the change in the occurrences of high-concentrations events more greatly than that of the annual DM8H surface ozone concentrations. Sensitivity simulations show that the emissions increase is the key factor in determining future regional surface ozone concentrations in the case of a developing country, China, whereas a developed country, Japan would be influenced more greatly by effects of the regional climate change than the increase in emissions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Change in ozone level is determined by the combination of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC emissions. </LI> <LI> Ozone level over East Asia would get worse in the near future (the 2020s) than far future. </LI> <LI> A high-concentration event generally increases and more frequently occurs in the future. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developing country depends more on emissions change. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developed country depends more on climate change. </LI> </UL> </P>

Morphological Changes of Bones and Joints with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

Hong, Yun-Kyung,Javaregowda, Palaksha Kanive,Lee, Sang-Kil,Lee, Sang-Rae,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Hong, Yong-Geun The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2011 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.35 No.2

Arthritis is a common disease in aged people, and is clinically divided into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Although common symptoms such as pain are present, the underlying pathological mechanisms are slightly different. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to compare joint damage induced by RA and OA by analyzing the major morphological and molecular differences, and to propose a suitable therapeutic intervention based on the pathophysiological conditions of bones and joints. For the RA animal model, 8-week-old DBA1/J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Normal C57BL/6 mice (over 2 years of age) were used for OA. The clinical arthritis score was calculated using a subjective scoring system, and paw thicknesses were measured using calipers. The serum TNF ${\alpha}$ level was analyzed using an ELISA kit. Micro-CT was used to identify pathological characteristics and morphological changes. In collagen-induced RA mice, there were increased ankle joint volumes and clinical scores (p<0.01). The concentration of TNF ${\alpha}$ was significantly increased from 3 to 7 weeks after immunization. Micro-CT images showed trabecular bone destruction, pannus formation, and subchondral region destruction in RA mice. OA among aged mice showed narrowed joint spaces and breakdown of articular cartilage. This study suggests that a careful therapeutic intervention between RA and OA is required, and it should be based on morphological alteration of bone and joint.

Critical role of bile acid (BA) in the cellular entry and permissiveness of Hepatitis B virus in vitro

Hong‑Jai Lee,Bo‑Young Shin,Jae‑Seung Moon,Ailyn Fadriquela,Selikem Abla Nuwormegbe,Chun‑Chang Ho,Jin‑Su Shin,Jee‑Sang Yoon,Sang‑Kyou Lee,Soo‑Ki Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Lack of universal replication system for hepatitis B virus with narrow host range and organ tropism has hampered to uncover the pathogenesis of HBV. Previously, we reported the essentiality of humoral milieu and its components toward HBV and hepatitis C virus survival/viability in vitro. Of these components, the precise role of enterohepatic humoral milieu such as bile acid (BA) on HBV cultivation in vitro and in vivo is unknown. Objective We explored whether BA, specifically taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) would directly regulate the viral DNA and surface antigen expression of HBV in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. Result We found that higher concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) is able to preserve the genomic stability of HBV in cell-free DMEM, showing higher the surface antigenicity than taurocholic acid (tCA). In line, we found that in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCDCA coupled with 1 × 108 g e/mL HBV) would be optimal for HBV entry into target cells. Using this, human (HepG2, Huh7), and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected by HBV, as evidenced by the presence of HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, and HBV DNA in culture supernatant, as well as HBcAg in cell). Further, cellular entry test revealed that HBV is able to infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species, and organ/tissue, consequently reproducing progeny as confirmed by HBV biomarkers. Last, reinfection test showed that the progenies of HBV from immortalized HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells are able to enter into each or vice versa naïve HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells with or without BA. Conclusion This study demonstrates that enterohepatic humoral milieu such as BA, specifically tCDCA would directly regulate HBV DNA and its surface antigen expression in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. This is the first note to render HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells via sole manipulation of humoral milieu, thus establishing the platform for in vitro robust replication system of HBV.

Underlying representation in geminates: from OT perspective

Sung-Hoon Hong,Chang-Kook Suh 한국음운론학회 2004 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.10 No.1

Hong, Sung-Hoon, and Chang-Kook Suh. 2004. Underlying represen-tation in Geminates: from an OT perspective. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology. 10.1. 129.144. This research has examined the status of Underlying Representation (UR) in Optimality Theory focusing on the representation of consonant geminates. For this purpose, we have examined geminate/singleton alternation in Ponapean employing Lexicon Optimization (LO), an algorithm proposed to select a UR among multiple inputs. We have seen that simple application of LO is problematic in singling out a UR for the case of alternation. This leads us to the version of LO that is performed on the paradigms, rather than on an individual forms (Tesar and Smolensky 1996, 2000, Inkelas 1995, 1998). After a thorough implementation of LO, we have found that the URs are simply identical to the input forms; geminate UR for the alternating case and singleton UR for the nonalternating case. Further, it was shown that a unique underlying representation of geminates, regardless of their positions in which they occur, can account for the exceptional geminate behaviors. (Hansung University and Cheonan University)

Necrotizing soft tissue infection

Sung Jin Park,Dong Heon Kim,Chang In Choi,Sung Pil Yun,Jae Hun Kim,Hyung Il Seo,Hong Jae Jo,Tae Yong Jun 대한외과학회 2016 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.91 No.1

Purpose: Necrotizing soft tissue infection is the infection of the soft tissue with necrotic changes. It is rare, but results in high mortality. We analyzed the characteristics of patients, prognosis, and mortality factors after reviewing 30 cases of a single hospital for 5 years. Methods: From January 2009 to December 2013, 30 patients diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis or Fournier’s gangrene in Pusan National University Hospital were enrolled for this study. The following parameters were analyzed retrospectively: demographics, infection site, initial laboratory finding, initial antibiotics, isolated microorganisms, number of surgeries, time to first operation, length of intensive care unit, and total hospital stays. Results: The overall mortality rate was 23.3%. Mean body mass index (BMI) of the survival group (24.7 ± 5.0 kg/㎡) was significantly higher than the nonsurvival group (22.0 ± 1.4 kg/㎡, P = 0.029). When BMI was less than 23 kg/㎡, the mortality rate was significantly higher (P = 0.025). Two patients (6.7%) with chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis died (P = 0.048). Initial WBC count (>13×10<SUP>3</SUP>/μL), CRP (>26.5 mg/dL), and platelet (PLT) count (<148×10<SUP>3</SUP>/μL) were found to have negative impact on the prognosis of necrotizing soft tissue infection. Factors such as potassium level, blood urea nitrogen (>27.6 mg/dL), serum creatinine (>1.2 mg/dL) that reflected kidney function were significant mortality factors. Conclusion: Patients with low BMI or abnormal values of WBC count, CRP, and PLT count reflecting the degree of infection or abnormal renal function will need more intensive care.

비후성심근증의 임상적 관찰

전상중(Sang Joong Jeon),정진홍(Jin Hong Chung),홍경순(Kyung Soon Hong),전재은(Jae Eun Jun),박의현(Wee Hyun Park),박희명(Hi Myung Park),김윤년(Yoon Nyun Kim),김권배(Kwon Bae Kim),장성국(Sung Kug Chang),이종주(Jong Joo Lee) 대한내과학회 1987 대한내과학회지 Vol.33 No.4

N/A The clinical and laboratory features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were studied in 30 cases. They consisted of 21 males and 9 females, and the age ranged from 21 to 74 years with an average of 50. The cardinal presenting symptoms were dyspnea, chest pain and palpitation in the order of decreasing frequency. Physical examination revealed apical systolic murmur in 27 cjases (90%), with thrill in 10 (33%), and the routine chest films showed enlargment of cardiac silhouette in 15 cases (50%). Abnormal electrocardiographic findings are noted in 27 cases (90%). Among them repolarization abormalities and left ventricular hypertrophy were the most common, occurring in 71% and 66 % of the cases, respectively, follower1 by left atrial enlargment in 24% and the abnormal Q waves in 20% Among various echocardiographic abnormalities, the mean of septal thickness and its ratio to left ventricular posterior wall thickness were 19 mm and 2,1 respectively, and the mean of the degree of systolic anterior motion of mitral valves was 9 mm. The mean of preejection period and left ventricular ejection time as well as their ratio determined in 10 cases were within normal limits. Out of 20 eases treated with beta or calcium blockers. for a mean of 22 months, 14 (70) experienccd symptomatic improvement. □ (5%) deteriorated and in the remainder (25%) there were no noticeable changes.

Surface albedo from the geostationary Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS)/Meteorological Imager (MI) observation system

Lee, Chang Suk,Han, Kyung-Soo,Yeom, Jong-Min,Lee, Kyeong-sang,Seo, Minji,Hong, Jinkyu,Hong, Je-Woo,Lee, Keunmin,Shin, Jinho,Shin, In-Chul,Chun, Junghwa,Roujean, Jean-Louis Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2018 GISCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING Vol.55 No.1

<P>The surface albedo is an essential climate variable that is considered in many applications used for predicting climate and understanding the mechanisms of climate change. In this study, surface albedo was estimated using a bidirectional reflectance distribution function model based on Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite/Meteorological Imager data. Geostationary orbiting satellite data are suitable for a level 2 product like albedo, which requires a synthetic process to estimate. The authors modified established methods to consider the geometry of the solar-surface-sensor of COMS/MI. Of note, the viewing zenith angle term was removed from the kernel integration used for estimating spectral albedo. Finally, the spectral (narrow) albedo was converted into the broadband albedo with shortwave length (approximately 0.3-2.5 m). This study determined conversion coefficients using only one spectral albedo of visible channel. The estimated albedo had a relatively high correlation with Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre/Vegetation and low unweighted error values specific for land types or times. The validation results show that estimated albedo has a root mean square error of 0.0134 at Jeju flux site that indicates accuracy similar to that of other satellite-based products.</P>

성장생물학 : 체지방 감소 다클론 후보 항체가 비거세돈의 체중, 분 소화율 및 혈액 대사물질에 미치는 영향

최창본 ( Chang bon Choi ),오영균 ( Young Kyoon Oh ),백경훈 ( Kyung Hoon Baek ),홍성구 ( Seong Koo Hong ),최창원 ( Chang Weon Choi ),조성백 ( Sung Back Cho ) 한국동물자원과학회 ( 구 한국축산학회 ) 2010 한국축산학회지 Vol.52 No.5

본 연구는 비거세돈 12두를 이용하여 돼지 복강 및 피하지방 감소 후보 항체를 생체 주사 처리 시 체중, 분 소화율 및 혈액 대사물질 등 영양생리대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시하였다. Choi 등(2010)에서 개발된 돼지 복강 및 피하지방 감소 후보 항체를 피하 주사하였을 때 주사 후 4주까지 평균 체중은 수치적 증가가 발생했으나(P>0.05), 전 기간에 걸쳐 수치적 증가를 보여 항체의 처리로 인한 영향보다는 돼지의 일반적인 성장에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. 항제 주사 처리 시 건물, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조섬유의 분 소화율은 항체 주사 전, 후 및 시험구 간의 통계적 유의성이 나타나지 않았다(P>0.05). 조회분 소화율의 경우 항체 주사 후 2주째 control에서 감소를 및 4주째 NAb에서 증가를 보였으나(P< 0.05), AAb 및 SAb에서는 유의적 변화가 없었다. 혈액 대사물질의 변화에서는 항체 주사 후 4주의 AAb 및 SAb에서 BUN 농도가 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 하지만, 후보 항체 주사 전에서도 유사한 패턴으로 유의적 증가를 보여 항체 처리에 의한 차이보다는 개체간의 차이로 사료된다. 혈액 내 glucose 및 TG 농도는 후보 항체 처리에 의한 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다(P>0.05). 체지방 함량과 밀접한 관계에 있는 혈액 내 TC 농도에서는 control 대비 후보 항체 주사 후 4주차 AAb 및 SAb에서 유의적 감소가 나타나(P<0.05), 체지방 감소가 일어나고 있음을 간접적으로 추론할 수 있다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때, 본 연구에서 이용된 AAb 및 SAb는 in vivo 영양생리대사에 부정적 영향을 미치지 않는 안전한 항체로 판단된다. Twelve pigs were used to investigate the effects of polyclonal antibody candidate against abdominal (AAb) and subcutaneous adipocyte membrane proteins (SAb) on body weight, fecaldigestibility and blood metabolites. When AAb and SAb developed by Choi et al. (2010) were injected to pigs, the numerical increase in BW (body weight) occurred at 4 weeks post-treatment, but BW for an entire period was also increased, indicating that the BW increase may not be affected by the antibodies injection. Antibodies treatment did not affect (P>0.05) fecal digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber. Fecal digestibility of crude ash for control (no treatment) at 2 weeks decreased, and that for non-immunized serum treatmentgroup at 4 weeks post-treatment increased, respectively (P<0.05). However, fecal digestibility of crude ash for AAb and SAb groups did not significantly change. At 4 weeks after the antibodies treatment, blood urea N concentration for AAb and SAb groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). However, these increases may not be caused by the antibodies treatment because similar pattern in blood urea N concentration occurred before the antibodies treatment. Antibodies treatment did not affect concentration of plasma glucose and triglycerides (P<0.05). Compared with control, concentration of plasma total cholesterol for AAb and SAb groups at 4 weeks post-treatment was significantly (P<0.05) decreased. This may suggest that body fat reduction possibly occurs. In conclusion, the AAb and the SAb developed by Choi et al. (2010) may have safety in nutritional physiological metabolism in pigs. Further study on in vivo fat reduction of the antibodies against abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes of pigs should be required for fat-reduced pork production.

신정부 과학기술정책 방향 모색

홍성주(Sung Joo Hong),이다은(Da Eun Lee),홍창의(Chang Ui Hong),강민지(Min Ji Kang),우청원(Chung Won Woo),강홍렬,전찬미 과학기술정책연구원 2017 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

With the presidential election in 2017 as a momentum, many people in science and engineering and social organizations gave various science and technology policy proposals. Most of them were reflected in each party’s election pledges. The media also covered lots of science and technology policy issues, which mainly included agendas reflecting the voices of the fields of R&D like research autonomy and people-oriented investment. This task aims to understand how the landscape of science and technology policies changed in an era of political change. To achieve this, we pursued to answer three research questions. First, how are we going to look at the vitalization of science and technology policy issues that occurred in the presidential election and its results? Second, what was it like in the past? Did the previous governments faithfully carry out their science and technology pledges in their science and technology policies? Third, what is the blind spot of policies that failed to attract attention or became a dilemma despite the change in science and technology policies? In order to answer these questions, the research team analyzed the way of establishing the window for science and technology policies during the presidential election in 2017, while also looked at the path taken for science and technology pledges to be implemented as policies during the past 15 years after the Rho Moo Hyun Government. The analysis results showed that we need to take largely four different approaches to science and technology issues. From the medium and long term perspective, it can be divided into issues that need access, issues that need enhancement, issues that need to gain political interests and issues that need to improve rationality. The research team’s results presented important perspective and methodology of looking at science and technology policy by not only being applied as a standard and means, but also provided a framework for devising various methods and means by policy issue. Hopefully, our researches are helpful in the planning and implementation of science and technology policy by the new government, which will be inaugurated in May 2017.

Basic Properties of Cell Fabricated by Ion-beam Treatment for In-plane Switching LCD

Seo, Joo-Hong,Lee, Sung-Pil,Yoon, Tae-Hoon,Kim, Jae-Chang The Korean Infomation Display Society 2006 Journal of information display Vol.7 No.1

We investigated the horizontal alignment properties such as surface morphology, pretilt angle, and polar and azimuthal anchoring energy of organic alignment material-coated surface treated by ion beam. In this investigation the energy and incident angle of ion beam were changed. We also fabricated an in-plane switching (IPS) cell by ion beam alignment. The results showed similar voltage-transmittance characteristics to those of a rubbed cell and better dark state.