AP-1/IRF-3 Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Andrographolide Isolated from <i>Andrographis paniculata</i>

Shen, Ting,Yang, Woo Seok,Yi, Young-Su,Sung, Gi-Ho,Rhee, Man Hee,Poo, Haryoung,Kim, Mi-Yeon,Kim, Kyung-Woon,Kim, Jong Heon,Cho, Jae Youl Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-

<P>Andrographolide (AG) is an abundant component of plants of the genus <I>Andrographis </I> and has a number of beneficial properties including neuroprotective, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. Despite numerous pharmacological studies, the precise mechanism of AG is still ambiguous. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of AG and its target proteins as they pertain to anti-inflammatory responses. AG suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>), as well as the mRNA abundance of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-<I><I>α</I></I>), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and interferon-beta (IFN-<I><I>β</I></I>) in a dose-dependent manner in both lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) activated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. AG also substantially ameliorated the symptoms of LPS-induced hepatitis and EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis in mice. Based on the results of luciferase reporter gene assays, kinase assays, and measurement of nuclear levels of transcription factors, the anti-inflammatory effects of AG were found to be clearly mediated by inhibition of both (1) extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/activator protein (AP)-1 and (2) I<I><I>κ</I></I>B kinase <I><I>ε</I></I> (IKK<I><I>ε</I></I>)/interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 pathways. In conclusion, we detected a novel molecular signaling pathway by which AG can suppress inflammatory responses. Thus, AG is a promising anti-inflammatory drug with two pharmacological targets.</P>

L-Theanine-Treated Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate the Cytotoxicity Induced by N-Nitrosodiethylamine in Liver

Lai Yun-Ju,Sung Yi-Ting,Lai Yi-An,Chen Li-Nian,Chen Tung-Sheng,Chien Chiang-Ting 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2022 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.19 No.6

BACKGROUND: Liver inflammation is the main cause of severe liver diseases, including liver fibrosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell therapy topics are receiving increasingly more attention. The therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have become one of the most discussed issues. While other stem cells have therapeutic effects, they have only one or two clinical applications. MSCs are responsible for repairing a variety of tissue injuries. Moreover, MSCs could be derived from several sources, including adipose tissue. MSCs are usually more abundant and easier to obtain compared to other stem cells. METHODS: To prove the concept that MSCs have homing ability to the injured tissue and assist in tissue repair, we examined the effects of intravenous injected adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in a N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced liver injury rat model. RESULTS: The significant repairing ability of ADSCs was observed. The levels of fibrosis, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis in the DEN-injured liver tissues all decreased after ADSC treatment. Furthermore, to enhance the therapeutic effects of ADSCs, we pretreated them with L-theanine, which promotes the hepatocyte growth factor secretion of ADSC, and therefore improved the healing effects on injured liver tissue. CONCLUSION: ADSCs, especially L-theanine-pretreated ADSCs, have anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-tumorigenesis effects on the N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver injury rat model.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide Suppresses Mouse 4T1 Breast Cancer Growth by Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophage Differentiation

Rui Deng,Shi-min Wang,Tao Yin,Ting-hong Ye,Guo-bo Shen, Ling Li,Jing-yi Zhao,Ya-xiong Sang,Xiao-gang Duan,Yu-Quan Wei 한국유방암학회 2014 Journal of breast cancer Vol.17 No.1

Purpose: The universal organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)can be used as a differentiation inducer of many cancer cells andhas been widely used as a solvent in laboratories. However, itseffects on breast cancer cells are not well understood. The aimof this study is to investigate the effect and associated mechanismsof DMSO on mouse breast cancer. Methods: We appliedDMSO to observe the effect on tumors in a mouse breast cancermodel. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were tested byflow cytometry. Ex vivo tumor microenvironment was imitated by4T1 cultured cell conditioned medium. Enzyme-linked immunosorbentassays were performed to detect interleukin (IL)-10 andIL-12 expression in medium. To investigate the cytotoxicity ofDMSO on TAMs, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assays were performed. Results: We foundthat DMSO produced tumor retardation when injected into mouseperitoneal cavities in a certain concentration range (0.5–1.0 mg/g). Furthermore, as detected by flow cytometry, TAM subtypeswere found to be transformed. We further imitated a tumor microenvironmentin vitro by using 4T1 cultured cell conditionedmedium. Similarly, by using low concentration DMSO (1.0%–2.0% v/v), TAMs were induced to polarize to the classically activatedmacrophage (M1-type) and inhibited from polarizing intothe alternatively activated macrophage (M2-type) in the conditionedmedium. IL-10 expression in tumors was reduced, whileIL-12 was increased compared with the control. Furthermore, wereported that 2.0% (v/v) DMSO could lead to cytotoxicity in peritonealmacrophages after 48 hours in MTT assays. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that DMSO could exert antitumor effects in4T1 cancer-bearing mice by reversing TAM orientation and polarizationfrom M2- to M1-type TAMs. These data may providenovel insight into studying breast cancer immunotherapy.

Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) vs Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients of Asian Ethnicity: 5-Years Treatment

( Young-suk Lim ),( Hyung Joon Kim ),( Ki Tae Yoon ),( Won Young Tak ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Kwan So Byun ),( Wai Kay Seto ),( Ting-Tsung Chang ),( Abhijit Chowdhury ),( Chi-yi Chen ),( Mustafa Kernal C 대한간학회 2021 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2021 No.1

『조선왕조실록(朝鮮王朝實錄)』을 통해 본 왕의 위락활동 유형과 변천

강현민,신상섭,김현욱,마일초,한서정,Kang, Hyun-Min,Shin, Sang-Sup,Kim, Hyun-Wuk,Ma, Yi-Chu,Han, Rui-Ting 한국전통조경학회 2018 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.36 No.4

"조선왕조실록"을 중심으로 분석한 조선시대 제왕들의 위락활동과 변천에 관한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 궁중 안팎 외부공간에서 행해진 왕의 위락활동은 연회형, 강무형, 유희형으로 분류할 수 있는데, 연회형은 회례연, 진연(進宴), 풍정(豊呈), 진찬(進饌), 양로연, 사신연, 수연(壽宴), 곡연(曲宴) 등이었고, 강무형은 활쏘기, 격구, 사냥 등이며, 유희형은 나례(가면놀이), 처용무, 풍두희(?頭戱), 그리고 화산붕(불꽃놀이), 꽃놀이(賞花), 투호, 수박희(手搏戱), 낚시, 뱃놀이, 각투(角鬪), 상희(象戱), 잡희 등이었다. 위락 활동은 고려시대 답습기[1기, 태조~세조(예종)], 확립기[2기, 군사문화가 성리학 문화로 전환되었고 연회의 규례가 제도화, 성종~중종]. 단절기[3기, 임진왜란 등 불안한 정세 속에서 침체, 단절 초래, 성종~현종]. 중흥기[4기, 위락 문화 재정비, 수준 높은 왕실 문화의 자긍심 표출, 숙종~정조]. 그리고 쇠퇴기[5기, 세도정치로 왕권이 추락하면서 위락 활동이 급격히 퇴조, 순조~순종] 등 5단계시기로 구분할 수 있다. 왕들의 사냥 관련 기사는 600건 이상 추적 되는데, 태종, 세종, 세조 등은 각 100여회 이상이었다. 사냥 대상은 호랑이, 곰, 사슴과 노루, 표범, 멧돼지, 매 등 이었고, 한양의 동북쪽 산림지역에서 주로 행해졌는데, 산수풍광이 수려하고 지리에 익숙한 풍양, 철원지역 등 북방의 정세와 안전을 살피기 위한 방안, 그리고 풍양이궁(경기도 남양주시 진접읍 내각리) 장소성 등과 밀접하게 연계된다. 단오절 세시풍속으로 대중에 확산된 격구놀이는 조선 초 왕과 신하들의 최상류층 마상격구로부터, 중기이후 무과시험의 마상격구와 상류층의 보상격구로 전환되는 과정을 거쳐, 조선 후기에는 민간에 확산되어 겨울철 남성들의 집단유락문화로 전승되는 과정이 추적된다. 특히, 강무형 위락문화는 봄(활쏘기), 여름(투호), 가을(활쏘기), 겨울(격구) 등 심신수양을 겸한 4계절 행위요소로 작용되었다. 한편, 조선시대 왕과 왕비들의 연향과 같은 위락 활동은 공식적 의례의 경우 내정(內庭)에서, 비공식적 관유(觀遊)의 경우 궁궐 후원이나 별궁에서, 특수 연회의 경우 모화관과 태평관, 기로소 등 별원(別園)에서, 활쏘기의 경우 성균관 사단에서, 사냥의 경우 금표가 설치된 강무장(금원과 원유)에서, 매사냥의 경우 한강변 광나루에서, 격구의 경우 보격구 중심으로 내정이나 별궁에서 다양하게 행해졌다. 즉, 외조, 치조, 연조, 후원의 범위를 넘어서 별원과 금원, 원유 등 한양에서 최대 100리 범위 까지를 활동영역으로 설정하는 위락문화 확장성(정(庭)${\rightarrow}$원(園)${\rightarrow}$원(苑)${\rightarrow}$원유(苑?))을 추적할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 본 연구를 통해 수준 높은 기록문화의 추적을 통해, 역대 왕들의 위락문화를 연회형, 강무형, 유희형으로 유형화 할 수 있었고, 위락 활동(진찬, 회례연, 양로연, 대사례, 사신연 등은 물론 사냥, 활쏘기, 격구, 투호, 처용무, 낚시, 뱃놀이, 불꽃놀이 등) 전모와 장소성, 그리고 상징적 의미, 역사적인 전승과정과 위락문화 등을 복합적으로 탐색할 수 있었다. "Annals of The Joseon Dynasty" is a book recording the Joseon Dynasty's historical facts in an annalistic format. The King's amusement activities through "Annals of The Joseon Dynasty" which were established by the Ye-ak(禮樂) system were analyzed. The results are as follows. The king's amusement activities that were performed during the Joseon Dynasty period could be classified as state banquets, military banquets, and banquets for play. The analysis of the king's amusement activity was divided into five stages. The characteristic of [1 period : King Taejo~Sejo(Yejong)] was dominated the military banquets of the Goryeo Dynasty. Neo-Confucianism is the establishment of political and social turning of the ballast, considerations of military culture, culture, and Hoeryeyeon Jinpungjeong, a cloud of dust and elders banquets such as Giroyeon and Yangnoyeon on the nature of the party. A lasting ordinance was institutionalized[2 period : King Seongjong~Jungjong]. In the chopper and jeongyujaeran, Hong Kyung Rae led a royal amusement activities are stagnant, often produce isolated storage compute in the gloomy situation[3 period : King Injong~Hyeonjong]. Revival period is pride of the amusement activity through the culture of Joseon Dynasty royal culture [4 period : King Sukjong~Jeongjo]. The throne, crashed due to political power is an ebb of royal amusement activities, while also rapidly waning[5 period : King Seonjo~Seonjong]. During the early Joseon Dynasty, hunting took place around the forest area northeast of Hanyang and during King Seongjong's period, it took place closer to the capital city, while in Lord Yeonsan's period, it was expanded to a 39 kilometer radius area from the palace, and banquets such as various forms of entertainment of Cheoyongmu, and Flower-viewing. The Joseon kings who enjoyed hunting were King Sejong, Sejo, Seongjong, Yeonsan, and Jungjong. Most of hunting objects were tigers, bears, deer and roe deer, leopards, boars, their animals and falconry took, and the purpose of the hunting was to perform ancestral rites to the royal ancestry or the royal tombs. Lord Yeonsan's hunting activities had negative effects after King Jungjong the king's hunting activity decreased sharply. However, there were also positive aspects of Lord Yeonsan's Prohibition of cutting woods ect. In conclusion, the expansion of the King's garden(庭:courtyard${\rightarrow}$園:privacy garden${\rightarrow}$苑:king's garden${\rightarrow}$苑?:national hunting park) is evident which starts from formal and informal activities that took place in Oejo, Chijo, and Yeonjo, which went further to the separate and secret gardens, and then even further, thus setting the amusement activity area as a 39 kilometer radius range from Hanyang.

Quest for Missing Proteins: Update 2015 on Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project

Horvatovich, Pé,ter,Lundberg, Emma K.,Chen, Yu-Ju,Sung, Ting-Yi,He, Fuchu,Nice, Edouard C.,Goode, Robert J.,Yu, Simon,Ranganathan, Shoba,Baker, Mark S.,Domont, Gilberto B.,Velasquez, Erika,Li, D American Chemical Society 2015 Journal of Proteome Research Vol.14 No.9

<P>This paper summarizes the recent activities of the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP) consortium, which develops new technologies to identify yet-to-be annotated proteins (termed “missing proteins”) in biological samples that lack sufficient experimental evidence at the protein level for confident protein identification. The C-HPP also aims to identify new protein forms that may be caused by genetic variability, post-translational modifications, and alternative splicing. Proteogenomic data integration forms the basis of the C-HPP’s activities; therefore, we have summarized some of the key approaches and their roles in the project. We present new analytical technologies that improve the chemical space and lower detection limits coupled to bioinformatics tools and some publicly available resources that can be used to improve data analysis or support the development of analytical assays. Most of this paper’s content has been compiled from posters, slides, and discussions presented in the series of C-HPP workshops held during 2014. All data (posters, presentations) used are available at the C-HPP Wiki (<uri xlink:href='http://c-hpp.webhosting.rug.nl/' xlink:type='simple'>http://c-hpp.webhosting.rug.nl/</uri>) and in the Supporting Information.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jprobs/2015/jprobs.2015.14.issue-9/pr5013009/production/images/medium/pr-2014-013009_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/pr5013009'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>