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Suh, Kwang Sik,Chon, Suk,Jung, Woon-Won,Choi, Eun Mi Elsevier 2019 Food and chemical toxicology Vol.124 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, is a major cell-permeant precursor of advanced glycation end-products, which are associated with several conditions, including diabetes and degenerative diseases. Crocin, a constituent of saffron, is involved in many pharmacological activities. Recent studies have reported that crocin exerts protective effects against bone diseases. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells that are responsible for bone resorption. The up- or down-regulation of their proliferation and differentiation is often associated with many bone-related diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of crocin on osteoclast differentiation and to clarify its mechanism of action in the presence of MG. We demonstrated that crocin reversed MG-induced inhibition of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and bone resorption activity in osteoclasts. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that crocin treatment decreased the expression of TNF receptor-associated factor-6 (<I>TRAF6</I>)<I>, Akt2,</I> extracellular-signal-regulated kinase-1 (<I>ERK1</I>), osteopetrosis-associated transmembrane protein 1 (<I>OSTM1</I>), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (<I>MMP-9</I>) genes in the presence of MG. Crocin pretreatment also reversed MG-induced changes in mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial superoxide, and glyoxalase I levels. Taken together, our data suggest that crocin may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic bone disorders.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Crocin reversed MG-induced inhibition of TRAP activity and bone resorption activity in osteoclasts. </LI> <LI> Crocin decreased the expression of <I>TRAF6, Akt2, ERK1, OSTM1</I>, and <I>MMP-9</I> genes in the presence of MG. </LI> <LI> Crocin reversed MG-induced changes in mitochondrial function and glyoxalase I levels. </LI> </UL> </P>
Effects of methylglyoxal on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells
Suh, Kwang Sik,Chon, Suk,Jung, Woon-Won,Choi, Eun Mi Elsevier 2018 Chemico-biological interactions Vol.296 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound produced by glycolytic processing, which has been identified as a precursor of advanced glycation end products. Elevated MG levels in patients with diabetes are believed to contribute to diabetic complications, including bone defects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of MG on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line. RAW264.7 cells were cultured in medium containing 50 ng/mL RANKL and different concentrations of MG. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and osteoclast bone resorbing activity were assessed and changes in intracellular calcium concentration, mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential, and glyoxalase I level were examined. In addition, real-time RT-PCR assay was used to analyse osteoclast-associated genes. MG markedly inhibited RANKL-induced TRAP activity. MG treatment resulted in a significant decrease in intracellular calcium concentration, mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential, and glyoxalase I level during osteoclastogenesis. In addition, MG increased the formation of mitochondrial superoxide. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed increased expression of the TRAF6, GAB2, ERK1, c-Fos, NFATc1, CLCN7, and OSTM1 genes, decreased expression of TCIRG and carbonic anhydrase II, and unchanged expression of cathepsin K and MMP-9 upon MG treatment. MG had no effect on the bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts. Our findings indicate that MG inhibits TRAP and glyoxalase I activity and impairs mitochondrial function in osteoclasts. Further validation of the underlying pathway is necessary.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Methylglyoxal (MG) inhibited RANKL-induced TRAP activity during osteoclastogenesis. </LI> <LI> MG decreased [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>, mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential, and glyoxalase I level. </LI> <LI> MG increased the formation of mitochondrial superoxide. </LI> <LI> MG increased the expression of TRAF6, GAB2, ERK1, c-Fos, NFATc1, CLCN7, and OSTM1 genes. </LI> <LI> MG decreased the expression of TCIRG and carbonic anhydrase II genes. </LI> </UL> </P>
Won-Tae Hwang,Eun-Han Kim,Kyung-Suk Suh,Hyo-Jeon Jeong,Moon-Hee Han 한국방사성폐기물학회 2004 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.2 No.3
방사성물질의 대기 누출 사고시 환경에서 핵종 거동을 모사하는 동적 섭식경로모델 DYNACON을 개선하여, 가축 (육우)의 공기 흡입과 토양 섭취가 육류 (쇠고기)의 방사능 오염에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 이들 두 오염경로는 누출이 육우의 비방목 기간에 일어나는 경우에 육류의 오염에 있어서 결코 무시될 수 없는 경로라는 사실을 확인하였다. 특히 누출 후 대부분 기간에 걸쳐 토양 섭취에 의한 육류의 오염 영향이 공기 흡입에 의한 영향에 비해 우세하였다. 누출 기간동안 강우는 토양 섭취에 의한 육류의 오염에 중요한 요소로 작용하였으며, 이러한 현상은 단반감기 핵종인 보다 장반감기 핵종인 의 경우에 보다 뚜렷하였다. 이전에 수행된 우유에 대한 분석 결과와 비교하여 공기 흡입과 토양 섭취는 육류에 대해 보다 중요한 오염경로로 나타났는데, 이는 상대적으로 육류에서 핵종의 긴 생물학적 반감기 때문이다. 방목기간에 방사성물질이 대기로 누출되는 경우 누출 기간동안 강우의 유무에 관계없이 목초 섭취에 의한 오염 영향이 지배적이었으며, 결과적으로 토양 섭취와 공기 흡입에 의한 오염 영향은 우유의 경우와 마찬가지로 무시할 수 있는 수준이었다. The contaminative influence of beef due to the inhalation of air and the ingestion of soil of livestock, both of which are dealt with as minor contaminative pathways in most radioecological models but may not be neglected, was comprehensively investigated with the improvement of the Korean food chain model DYNACON. As the results, it was found that both pathways can not be neglected at all in the contamination of beef in the case of an accidental release during the non-grazing period of livestock. The ingestion of soil was more influential in the contamination of beef than the inhalation of air over most time following an release. If precipitation is encountered during an accidental release, contaminative influence due to the ingestion of soil was far greater compared with the cases of no precipitation. This fact was more distinct for a long-lived radionuclide than a short-lived radionuclide (elemental iodine). Compared with the results for milk performed prior to this study, the contaminative pathways due to the inhalation of air and the ingestion of soil were more important in beef because of longer biological half-lives. On the other hand, in the case of an accidental release during the grazing period of livestock, radioactive contamination due to the ingestion of pasture was dominant irrespective of the existence of precipitation during an accidental release. It means that contaminative influence due to the inhalation of air and the ingestion of soil is negligible, like the cases of milk.
A New Garden Pea Cultivar "Daehyup 2" with Large Seed Size and High Sugar Contents
Won Young Han,In Youl Baek,Sang Ouk Shin,Hyun Tae Kim,Jong Min Ko,Nam Suk Kang,Ki Won Oh,Chan Sik Jung,Doo Chull Shin,Sung Taek Kang,Myung Gun Chung,Keum Yong Park,Duck Yong Suh 한국육종학회 2007 한국육종학회지 Vol.39 No.3
A new garden pea cultivar, Daehyup 2, was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2006. It was selected from the cross between Olwandu and Sachulwandu in 1996. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this cultivar were carried out from 2003 to 2006. It has white flower, yellow cotyledon, absent or very weakly curved pod shape and yellow seed color. It was resistant to virus and powdery mildew disease. The 100 green seed weight of Daehyup 2 was 65.5 g, which was 8.9 g heavier than check cultivar. The sucrose and total sugar contents of fresh pod of Daehyup 2 were 11.1% and 12.5%, respectively, which were 3.2% and 4.3% higher than those of Sachulwandu. The fresh pod yield of Daehyup 2 was similar to that of Sachulwandu with 12.16 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in three locations of Korea from 2005 to 2006.