Morphometric evaluation of great vein of Galen and its clinical implications

Grace Suganya. S(Grace Suganya. S ),Ariharan. K(Ariharan. K ),Raveendranath Veeramani(Raveendranath Veeramani ),Dinesh Kumar. V(Dinesh Kumar. V ),Nagarajan Krishnan(Nagarajan Krishnan ) 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1

The Galenic venous system plays a vital role in the drainage of blood from deeper parts of the brain. This venous system is contributed by many major veins. These veins are located closer to the pineal gland making the surgical approach in this region difficult. Any accidental injury or occlusion of the vein of Galen could lead to devasting results. Thus, studying the dimensions of the vein of Galen is more important. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the morphometry and trajectory to the vein of Galen. About 100 computed tomographic venography records were evaluated and the length, diameter of vein of Galen, angle between straight sinus and vein of Galen and distance from internal occipital protuberance and roof of fourth ventricle to vein of Galen were studied. The mean length and diameter of vein of Galen were 9.8±2.7 and 4.08±1.04 respectively. The mean angle between straight sinus and vein of Galen was 64.2°. The mean distance between external occipital protuberance and roof of fourth ventricle to vein of Galen were 52±6.9 and 33.3±4.5 respectively. No significant morphometric differences were observed between the age groups as well as between the sexs. The results obtained from this study may be helpful for the neurosurgeons in better understanding of the anatomy of the Galenic venous system and to adopt a safe surgical approach to improve the efficacy of the surgeries of the pineal gland and also in the region of vein of Galen.

Simultaneous Sensing of Aqueous Anions and Toxic Metal Ions by Simple Dithiosemicarbazones and Bioimaging of Living Cells

Suganya, Sivalingam,Zo, Hye Jin,Park, Jong S.,Velmathi, Sivan American Chemical Society 2014 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.53 No.23

<P>New thiophene (<B>TSC-1</B>) and bipyridine (<B>TSC-2</B>) anchored thiosemicarbazones were synthesized for the recognition of biologically active and toxic analyte. Both the receptors <B>TSC-1</B> and <B>TSC-2</B> commonly exhibited strong sensitivity toward anions such as F<SUP>–</SUP>, AcO<SUP>–</SUP>, and CN<SUP>–</SUP> ions over other anions, whereas <B>TSC-1</B> and <B>TSC-2</B> recognized Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions, respectively. Both anion and cation recognition were clearly differentiated from colorimetric, absorption, and emission responses. A significant shift with remarkable fluorescence enhancement at 540 nm was observed for <B>TSC-1</B>-Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>, which describes an internal charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. In contrast, anion complexes of <B>TSC-1</B> show fluorescence enhancement at 570 nm. <B>TSC-2</B> acts as a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) sensor during both anion and cation sensing accompanied by fluorescence quenching. Furthermore, <B>TSC-1/2</B> preferentially recognizes cations in the presence of competitive anions. Interestingly, selective detection of the CN<SUP>–</SUP> ion using the Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>-<B>TSC-2</B> ensemble also achieved through a relay recognition method. Job’s plot analysis reveals that <B>TSC-1/2</B> binds with the selective anions in 2:1 mode, and 1:1 mode was determined for Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>-<B>TSC-1</B> and Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>-<B>TSC-2</B>, respectively. <B>TSC-1</B> can be utilized for practical applications such as the recognition of targeted F<SUP>–</SUP> ions in daily used household toothpaste, and Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> ion detection was achieved in living cells using bioimaging.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/iecred/2014/iecred.2014.53.issue-23/ie500737b/production/images/medium/ie-2014-00737b_0016.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ie500737b'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Surface modification and characterization of zirconium carbide particulate reinforced C70600 CuNi composite fabricated via friction stir processing

Suganya Priyadharshini G.,Subramanian R.,Murugan N.,Sathiskumar R. 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.8

In the present research work, Friction stir processing (FSP) technique has been applied to develop a C70600 graded copper-nickel (CuNi) Surface metal matrix composite (SMMC) reinforced with and without addition of ZrCp. Rotational and traverse speeds were set as 1200 rpm and 30 mm/min, respectively. The fabricated SMMC were metallurgically characterized by using Optical microscope (OM) and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The homogeneous distribution of ZrC particles and good interfacial bonding between matrix/reinforcement were observed via OM and FESEM microscopes. The microhardness of the CuNi/ZrC surface composite was observed by using microhardness tester at the cross section of the sample. The average higher microhardness of 148 Hv at CuNi/ZrC SMMC and lower microhardness of 115 Hv at FSPed CuNi was found. The Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) value was measured by using micro tensile testing machine. The UTS value of CuNi/ZrC composite and FSPed CuNi were observed to be 310 MPa and 302 MPa, respectively. The mode of fracture was also observed via FESEM. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) test was carried out to confirm the presence of CuNi & ZrC in the SMMC layer.

Offline-to-Online Service and Big Data Analysis for End-to-end Freight Management System

Suganya Selvaraj,Hanjun Kim,최은미 한국정보처리학회 2020 Journal of information processing systems Vol.16 No.2

Freight management systems require a new business model for rapid decision making to improve their businessprocesses by dynamically analyzing the previous experience data. Moreover, the amount of data generated bydaily business activities to be analyzed for making better decisions is enormous. Onlinetooffline or offlinetoonline (O2O) is an electronic commerce (ecommerce) model used to combine the online and physicalservices. Data analysis is usually performed offline. In the present paper, to extend its benefits to online and toefficiently apply the big data analysis to the freight management system, we suggested a system architecturebased on O2O services. We analyzed and extracted the useful knowledge from the realtime freight data for theperiod 2014–2017 aiming at further business development. The proposed system was deemed useful for truckmanagement companies as it allowed dynamically obtaining the big data analysis results based on O2Oservices, which were used to optimize logistic freight, improve customer services, predict customer expectation,reduce costs and overhead by improving profit margins, and perform load balancing.

A Coupled-Optimization Based Master Node Selection and Path Finding on Mobile Ad Hoc Network for Smart Environment Monitoring

Suganya Sri S.,Rajaram A. 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.3

The master node selection in the existing work is solely dependent on the energy of the node. The enhanced fower pollination algorithm is employed in this case to choose the master node based on its energy and load. The modifed cuckoo search method is then used to choose the routing path. The routing path is determined by the characteristics of active nodes, and it is implemented using a cluster-based path allocation approach that uses the AODV protocol to optimize the precise path of mobile ad hoc nodes. The experimental fndings indicate clustering, optimization-based path selection, packet loss rate, transmission efciency, and packet delivery rate. By comparing it to current and proposed work, the proposed path allocation on mobile sensor node optimizes the routing way with better master node selection approach to improve performance results.

Nitrogen dioxide exposure and health risk assessments of students in elementary schools in the vicinities of an industrial estate, located in Rayong Province, Thailand

Suganya Phantu,Susira Bootdee 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.5

Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) poses a danger to the health of many children all over the world especially children that attend schools in the vicinities of traffic roads and industries. This research study aims to assess the impacts of NO₂ exposure on the health of the students. NO₂ samples were collected by tube-type passive samplers. Moreover, the investigation of indoor NO₂ exposure of students was associated with physical human health by using multiple logistic regressions. The results revealed that the indoor and outdoor NO₂ concentrations in elementary schools were 9.0 ± 4.4 to 16.7 ± 2.7 μg/㎥ and 8.2 ± 2.1 to 17.7 ± 6.7 μg/㎥, respectively. However, indoor and outdoor values of NO₂ were lower than the WHO standard of 40 μg/㎥. Non-carcinogenic risk assessments of NO₂ were carried out to help assess the health risks of students. It was found that the HQ of all those who studied in schools was less than 1, indicating no health risks. However, NO₂ in classrooms can cause eye irritation (p-value = 0.007), pink eye/ allergic conjunctivitis (p-value = 0.012), runny nose (p-value = 0.020), sore throat (p-value = 0.038), wheeze (p-value = 0.022) and cough (p-value = 0.035). Therefore, children who spend time in classrooms close to heavy traffic and petrochemical plants might find themselves exposed to increased health risks.

A new perylenediimide with NH functionality as a colorimetric and fluorescent probe for the selective detection of trivalent Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺ ions

Suganya, Sivalingam,Namgoong, Jin Woong,Mutyala, Anil Kumar,Velmathi, Sivan,Kim, Jae Pil,Park, Jong S. Elsevier Sequoia 2017 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology Chemist Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the synthesis of a new colorimetric probe <B>R1</B>, in which the perylene tetracarboxylicdiimide fluorophore is connected with an adamantly amine unit through the NH binding site. <B>R1</B> was tested with a variety of metal ions and exhibited a significant colorimetric transition in the presence of Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> and Al<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. No significant changes were observed with other metal ions. Absorption measurements indicated that trivalent metal ions Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>/Al<SUP>3+</SUP> bind with <B>R1</B> and generate a stable complex. The presence of Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> and Al<SUP>3+</SUP> ions induces new absorption bands with shoulder peaks at 525nm and 568nm. The fluorescence intensity of <B>R1</B> at 579nm was significantly increased by the addition of Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>or Al<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. Furthermore, <B>R1</B> was found to be sensitive towards these metal ions at micromolar concentrations. The stoichiometry of <B>R1</B>:Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>/Al<SUP>3+</SUP> complexes were confirmed by ESI–MS analysis, and binding constants were calculated using Benesi–Hildebrand plots. The binding mode of <B>R1</B> with metal ions was proposed based on optimized structure from DFT calculation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We prepare a perylenetetracarboxylicdiimide probe connected with admantane unit. </LI> <LI> The probe exhibits a colorimetric transition with Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> and Al<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. </LI> <LI> The probe responds sensitively at micromolar concentrations. </LI> <LI> We determine the stoichiometry and binding constant by analytical methods. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Pump availability prediction using response surface method in nuclear plant

Suganya Parasuraman,Swaminathan Ganapathiraman,Anoop Bhargavan 한국원자력학회 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.1

The safety-related raw water system’s strong operational condition supports the radiation defense and biological shield of nuclear plant containment structures. Gaps and failures in maintaining proper working condition of main equipment like pump were among the most common causes of unavailability of safety related raw water systems. We integrated the advanced data analytics tools to evaluate the maintenance records of water systems and gave special consideration to deficiencies related to pump. We utilized maintenance data over a three-and-ahalf- year period to produce metrics like MTBF, MTTF, MTTR, and failure rate. The visual analytic platform using tableau identified the efficacy of maintenance & deficiency in the safety raw water systems. When the number of water quality violation was compared to the other O&M deficiencies, it was discovered that water quality violations account for roughly 15% of the system’s deficiencies. The pumps were substantial contributors to the deficit. Pump availability was predicted and optimized with real time data using response surface method. The prediction model was significant with r-squared value of 0.98. This prediction model can be used to predict forth coming pump failures in nuclear plant.

Benzotriazole-based donor-acceptor type low band gap polymers with a siloxane-terminated side-chain for electrochromic applications

Suganya, S.,Kim, N.,Jeong, J.Y.,Park, J.S. Butterworth Scientific Ltd. etc. 2017 Polymer Vol. No.

A series of donor-acceptor (D-A) type polymers (P1-P4) bearing a benzotriazole group with a siloxane terminated side-chain and a long alkyl chain were synthesized via Stille coupling, and the electrochromic (EC) properties were characterized by various analytical techniques. The incorporation of hybrid siloxane-solubilizing groups in P1 and P2 influenced the intermolecular interactions among the adjacent polymer chains and increased the solubility of the resulting polymers in common organic solvents. The EC behavior of the polymers revealed a color transition from red to blue upon oxidation and reduction. In particular, P1, containing a short siloxane-terminated side-chain, showed superior optical performances, with transmittance change of 42.7%, the change in optical density of 0.767, and coloration efficiency of up to 327 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/C, and exhibited superior operational stability, with little transmittance changes after 100 potential steps. Overall, these properties highlight the potential applications of current polymers in displays and smart windows.

An Optimal Agent Based (Oab) Architecture for Web Service Discovery

Suganya. D,Revathy.A,R.G. Suresh Kumar,N. Moganarangan,D.Madhavan 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.3

Service Discovery is done based on Keyword Match, Simple Semantic Description Services, and Rich Semantic Description Service. Web Services raise the web to a new level by integrating computational aspects. Web Services are accessed by computer programs but these still need help by humans. Web-services should be described in a formal, semantic way, so programs can find, compose and invoke them automatically. Existing system discover the service based on QoS (Quality of Service). It uses the Agent to discover the service, but normalization & classification are not done by Agent here. Existing system are using the selection algorithm, which works in association with QoS value, based on consumer requirements. So In our proposed system we proposed the Normalized, Classification, & Ranking of the QoS parameter based on minimization maximization criteria using agent based architecture. We rank the services according to their QoS levels and their services matching.