Morphometric evaluation of great vein of Galen and its clinical implications

Grace Suganya. S(Grace Suganya. S ),Ariharan. K(Ariharan. K ),Raveendranath Veeramani(Raveendranath Veeramani ),Dinesh Kumar. V(Dinesh Kumar. V ),Nagarajan Krishnan(Nagarajan Krishnan ) 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1

The Galenic venous system plays a vital role in the drainage of blood from deeper parts of the brain. This venous system is contributed by many major veins. These veins are located closer to the pineal gland making the surgical approach in this region difficult. Any accidental injury or occlusion of the vein of Galen could lead to devasting results. Thus, studying the dimensions of the vein of Galen is more important. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the morphometry and trajectory to the vein of Galen. About 100 computed tomographic venography records were evaluated and the length, diameter of vein of Galen, angle between straight sinus and vein of Galen and distance from internal occipital protuberance and roof of fourth ventricle to vein of Galen were studied. The mean length and diameter of vein of Galen were 9.8±2.7 and 4.08±1.04 respectively. The mean angle between straight sinus and vein of Galen was 64.2°. The mean distance between external occipital protuberance and roof of fourth ventricle to vein of Galen were 52±6.9 and 33.3±4.5 respectively. No significant morphometric differences were observed between the age groups as well as between the sexs. The results obtained from this study may be helpful for the neurosurgeons in better understanding of the anatomy of the Galenic venous system and to adopt a safe surgical approach to improve the efficacy of the surgeries of the pineal gland and also in the region of vein of Galen.

Infusing the axioms of clinical reasoning while designing clinical anatomy case vignettes teaching for novice medical students: a randomised cross over study

Dinesh Kumar,V,Rajprasath R,N,A,Priyadharshini,Magi Murugan,Rema Devi 대한해부학회 2020 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.53 No.2

The clinical reasoning skills is often gained when the biomedical knowledge is broadened and deepened alongside exposure to patients. The ‘ideal’ blend of axioms of clinical reasoning and case based learning would establish the pedagogical bridges right from the first year of medical education. So this study aimed to investigate the perceived importance and efficacy of teaching clinical reasoning skills among first year medical students, as this has not previously been described. As a priori, two clinical reasoning skill sessions were conducted using clinico-anatomical case vignettes designed according to the literature regarding clinical reasoning (‘serial cue’ approach and hypothetico-deduction). Students were divided into intervention and control group and crossed over in subsequent sessions. Analysis was done by mixed method approach including measuring proof of benefit using post-test comparison, quantitative survey and qualitative analysis by nominal group discussion. Post test scores were compared using student’s t-test. Feedbacks were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that post test scores were significantly higher in intervention group than the control group in both sessions (P<0.001, 0.016). A total of 66% students felt, diagnostic skills and lateral thinking abilities were improved and It helped in developing problem-solving abilities for 67% students. clinico-anatomical case vignettes helped in understanding anatomical basis of clinical conditions for 61% students. To conclude, introducing clinical reasoning has considerable effect in improving the decision making ability of the students and if incorporated right from the first year, would better prepare the students in successful transition to clinical learning environment.

Histological and Physico-Chemical Evaluation ofHybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell

V. B. Narayanaswamy,C. Dinesh Kumar,M. Manjunath Setty,Annie Shirwaikar 한국생약학회 2006 Natural Product Sciences Vol.12 No.2

paper presents a detailed pharmacognostical study of the plant drug Hybanthus enneaspermusstudied using procedures of light, confocal microscopy, WHO recomended physico-chemical determinationsand authentic phytochemical procedures. The physico-chemical, morphological, and histological parameterspresented in this paper may be proposed as parameters to establish the authenticity of H. enneaspermus and maypossibly help to diferentiate the drug from its adulterants.KeywordsHybanthus enneaspermus, Violaceae, pharmacognosy, stem and leaf

Biology of Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Shakti Kumar Singh,Dinesh KUMAR,Vilayanoor V. RAMAMURTHY 한국곤충학회 2010 Entomological Research Vol.40 No.5

The biology of the fruit fly Bactrocera tau, an important horticultural pest, was studied under laboratory conditions at 25°C and 60–70% relative humidity on Cucurbita maxima. The duration of mating averaged 408.03 ± 235.93 min. After mating, the female fly had a preoviposition period of 11.7 ± 4.49 days. The oviposition rate was 9.9 ± 8.50 eggs and fecundity was 464.6 ± 67.98 eggs/female. Eggs were elliptical, smooth and shiny white, turning darker as hatching approached, and measured 1.30 ± 0.07 mm × 0.24 ± 0.04 mm. The chorion has polygonal microsculpturing and is species-specific with polygonal walls. The egg period lasts for 1.3 ± 0.41 days. The duration of the larval period is 1.2 ± 0.42, 1.7 ± 0.48 and 4.0 ± 0.94 days for first, second and third instars, respectively. Pupation occurs in the sand or soil and pupal periods are 7.0 ± 0.47 days. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in 14.2 ± 1.69 days; the longevity of mated females and males was 130.33 ± 14.18 and 104.66 ± 31.21 days, respectively. At least two to three generations were observed from June 2008 to June 2009.

Analysis of clinical and radiological outcomes of long tibial stemmed total knee arthroplasty in knee osteoarthritis complicated by tibial stress fracture

( Neelam V. Ramana Reddy ),( Mukesh Kumar Saini ),( Pera Jayavardhan Reddy ),( Ajay Singh Thakur ),( Challa Dinesh Reddy ) 대한슬관절학회 2022 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.34 No.-

Objective: Knee arthritis associated with tibial stress fractures represents an uncommon and difficult clinical scenario to treat. The use of long, fluted tibial extension rods has been vital in the management of such cases owing to immediate fracture stability and single-stage surgery without the need to open the fracture site. This study investigates clinical and radiological outcomes following total knee arthroplasty using a tibial extension stem in cases of knee osteoarthritis with tibial stress fracture. Methods: From February 2015 to December 2020, 17 patients who had total knee arthroplasty implanted with a long stemmed tibial component were included in the study. Patient data were analyzed for knee range of motion, deformities, Knee Society score, knee function score, and time to fracture union in the pre- and postoperative periods. Results: The mean follow-up duration was 22.7 ± 11.68 months (range 12-60 months), and mean time to fracture healing was 10.23 ± 2.81 weeks (range 8-20 weeks). The preoperative mean fixed flexion deformity improved from 8.53 ± 3.43° to a mean of 0.29°, and knee flexion improved from 79.4 ± 13.90° to 125.29 ± 8.74° on postoperative assessment. The Knee Society score improved from a mean preoperative score of 18.94 ± 5.55 (range 8-28) to 89.41 ± 7.5 (range 74-102, p value < 0.001). Similarly, the knee function score improved significantly from a mean preoperative score of 15.5 ± 4.48 (range 8-26) to a mean of 85 ± 6.09 (range 72-94, p value < 0.001). Conclusion: Total knee arthroplasty using long tibial extenders has been an effective and safe surgical option for patients with advanced osteoarthritis with tibial stress fractures.

Glassy carbon electrode modified by gold nanofibers decorated iron metal–organic framework nanocomposite for voltammetric determination of acetaminophen

Kavya K. V.,Muthu Dinesh,Varghese Stella,Pattappan Dhanaprabhu,Kumar R. T. Rajendra,Haldorai Yuvaraj 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.6

In this work, a nanocomposite containing gold (Au) nanofibers decorated iron-metal–organic framework (Fe-MOF) was successfully synthesized for electrochemical detection of acetaminophen (AAP). The as-synthesized Au@Fe-MOF nanocomposite was confirmed by various characterization techniques. Morphological analysis showed that the Au nanofibers with an average size of less than 10 nm were dispersed on the Fe-MOF. Cyclic voltammetric analysis showed that the Au@Fe-MOF nanocomposite showed well-defined redox peaks with higher current than that of GCE and Fe-MOF. The Au@Fe-MOF/GCE exhibited a linear range, sensitivity, and detection limit of 0.5–18 µM, 4.95 µM/µA/cm2, and 0.12 µM, respectively. The Au@Fe-MOF/GCE showed a very low response for the interference materials. The real sample analysis revealed that the Au@Fe-MOF/GCE showed good recovery towards the AAP in urine and paracetamol. Therefore, the developed sensor can be used for quality control of AAP.

Triazine-based 2D covalent organic framework-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon for supercapacitor electrode

Vargheese Stella,Dinesh Muthu,Kavya K. V.,Pattappan Dhanaprabhu,Rajendra Kumar Ramasamy Thangavelu,Haldorai Yuvaraj 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.5

Doped porous carbon materials have attracted great interest owing to their excellent electrochemical performance toward energy storage applications. In this report, we described the synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon (N-PC) via carbonization of a triazine-based covalent organic framework (COF) synthesized by Friedel–Crafts reaction. The as-synthesized COF and N-PC were confrmed by X-ray difraction. The N-PC exhibited many merits including high surface area (711 m2 g−1), porosity, uniform pore size, and surface wettability due to the heteroatom-containing lone pair of electron. The N-PC showed a high specifc capacitance of 112 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1 and excellent cyclic stability with 10.6% capacitance loss after 5000 cycles at a current density of 2.0 A g−1. These results revealed that the COF materials are desirable for future research on energy storage devices.

Wing and leg amputation induced oviposition pattern of tropical tasar silk moth, Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in oviposition devices – Earthen cups and paper sheets

Mohanraj Soundappan S,Dinesh Kumar,Bhagavanulu M.V.K.,Chandrashekharaiah M.,M. S. Rathore,Srinivas C. 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.3

Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a tropical semi-domesticated wild tasar silkworm reared by marginal tribal farmers of India. Due to improper egg laying frequency, oviposition is generally kept for three continuous days after amputating the gravid moth wings (W – ) in earthen cups (C). In order to systematize the oviposition frequency, wing cut with leg cut (W – L – ) was performed in ecorace Daba trivoltine (DTV) completing three life-cycles in a year. Oviposition of (C)W – L – was observed in all three grainages during the year 2020 and compared with (C)W – moths. Oviposition was also accomplished on plain paper sheets (S). It is observed that (C) W – obtained 63–67% and (C)W – L – obtained 72–80% egg laying on first day. Similarly, (S)W – and (S)W – L – ob tained 68–71% and 74–83% on first day. Further, significant high oviposition was observed within first four hours in both earthen cups and on paper sheets by W – L – moths laying 49–69% and 55–65% eggs compared to W – laying 25–45% and 39–44% eggs, respectively. A total of 44–51, 47–54, 44–48 and 46–52 eggs/g moth weight was obtained in (C)W – , (C)W – L – , (S)W – and (S)W – L – , respectively in three consecutive grainage. Oviposition of W – moths in earthen cups and on paper sheets are not significantly different indicating earthen cups in contemporary tasar grainage could be replaced with paper sheets. Thus, the paper demonstrates for the first time a fast, efficient and scalable cellular oviposition of A. mylitta on paper sheets comparable to Bombyx mori

Synthesis and luminescent properties of CaIn2O4:xTb nanocrystals

S.P. Khatkar,Sang Do Han,V.B. Taxak,Gaytri Sharma Dinesh Kumar,Dinesh Kumar 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.1l

Terbium-activated CaIn2O4:xTb (x = 0.12%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2%) nanocrystals have been produced by combustion synthesis usingglycine as a fuel in a preheated furnace at 500.C. The nanocrystals obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopyand X-ray diraction (XRD) techniques. The prepared nanocrystals under a UV source revealed green luminescence that was attributedto the transition from5D4 excited state to7F5 ground state of Tb3+ ions. In addition, the dependence of the luminescence intensity onTb3+ concentration and eect of glycine to nitrate ratio on the particle size of the nanocrystals have also been discussed.

Effect of Cr$^{3+}$ Substitution on the Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ni$_{0.7}$Zn$_{0.2}$Cu$_{0.1}$Fe$_{2-x}$Cr$_x$O$_4$ Ferrites

G. Satyanarayana,G. Nageswara Rao,K. Vijaya Babu,G. V. Santosh Kumar,G. Dinesh Reddy 한국물리학회 2019 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.74 No.7

In this work, Ni$_{0.7}$Zn$_{0.2}$Cu$_{0.1}$Fe$_{2-x}$Cr$_x$O$_4$ ($x$ = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1) ferrites were synthesized by using the solid state reaction method and how relevant properties of the samples were modified accordingly. The structural, morphological, magnetic and electrical features of the ferrites were evaluated by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) spectra, vibrating sample magnetometry, electron spin resonance and network analyser. The lattice constant decreases with increasing chromium concentration and the decrease in the lattice constant is attributed to the ionic radius of chromium being smaller than that of iron. The distribution of metal cations in the spinel structure was estimated from the X-ray diffraction data and showed that along with Ni$^{2+}$ ions, most of the Zn$^{2+}$ and the Cu$^{2+}$ ions additionally occupied the octahedral [B] sites. The FTIR spectra revealed two prominent frequency bands in the wave number range 400--600 cm$^{-1}$ which confirm the cubic spinel structure. The magnetic properties, such as the initial permeability, saturation magnetization and coercivity, were investigated at room temperature. The frequency-dependent dielectric constant was observed to decrease with increasing chromium concentration. This behavior was using Koop’s phenomenological theory.