과도상태 밀링에서 시간영역 채터 시뮬레이션

김수진(Su-Jin Kim),신영철(Yung C. Shin) 한국생산제조학회 2021 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Chatter between the end mill and thin aircraft components reduces tool life and surface quality. This paper presents a time-domain chatter analysis that simulates the peripheral milling of thin aluminum plates. Peak forces and tool deformations were predicted in the time domain by simulation software written in C++. The maximum forces at various cutting depths and spindle speeds were predicted, and the stability lobe diagram was drawn in the frequency domain. The software was validated in comparison with the results of Professor Y. C. Shin’s experiments and was used to analyze the relationship between chatter and runout, number of teeth, and feed rate in virtual space. The chatter in transient state was simulated to predict the side effect of feed rate control.

트레드밀 운동시 흡기근 테이핑이 폐활량에 미치는 영향

김민지,신수영,송월섭,조수진,최동락,황미진,황진규,박진현,김경,Dennis W. Fell 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2011 再活科學硏究 Vol.29 No.1

이 연구는 트레드밀 운동과 키네시오 테이핑의 효과에 따른 폐활량의 변화를 알아보기 위해 26명의 비흡연자가 참가하였으며 키네시오 테이핑을 적용하지 않은 그룹과 키네시오 테이핑을 적용한 두 그룹으로 무작위로 배정하고 각 군들을 주 3회 6주간의 트레드밀 훈련을 실시하였다. 실험 전과 후, 스파이로미터를 사용하여 키네시오 테이핑의 적용 따른 폐활량 변화 효과를 측정하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 종합해보면 키네시오 테이핑을 적용 그룹에서 적용하지 않은 그룹에 비해 FVC, FEV1에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 건강한 성인에서 키네시오 테이핑을 적용한 경우 키네시오 테이핑을 적용하지 않고 트레드밀 운동을 한 경우보다 폐활량의 향상에 효과적이라고 생각되어진다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of vital capacity(VC) according to the effects of kinesio taping with treadmill exercise. Twenty-six non-smokers were participated in this research and these subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. To measure the VC variation effects of kinesio taping, spirometer was used. The collected data were analyzed statistically by using a paired Mauchly test and repeated measure ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows; A group: treadmill with kinesio taping B group: treadmill without kinesio taping. Between A and B, there were significant differences. In the case of A group, there was 11.66% increase of VC, during 3 weeks experiment(p<.01). In the case of B group, there were significant differences, 3.35% increase of VC, during 3 weeks taping intervention(p<.01). After 6 weeks experiment, the improvement of VC shown a significant difference with intergroup (p<.05). From this result, it was revealed that treadmill exercise with kinesio taping was effective to improve VC to healthy adult than treadmill exercise without kinesio taping.

동하중을 받는 FRAME 구조물의 확률유한요소해석 및 신뢰성해석

신재철,김진홍,정인수,한성호 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2003 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.18 No.1

Most dynamic systems have various random properties in excitation and system parameters. Therefore, in this paper, reliability analysis for structural response is proposed fro the linear dynamic system with random properties in both excitation and system parameters. The system parameters and responses with random properties are modeled by the perturbation technique. A displacement and bending moment of frame structure is acquired in Stochastic Finite Element Method Program(SFEMP) and Dynamic Stochastic Finite Element Method Program(DSFEMP) using perturbation method, and Direct Monte Carlo Simulation Program(DMCSP) is used to verify and compare previous results. Comparing outputs of SFEMP and DSFEMP with them of DMCSP, it show that they are similar to each other. Also DMCSP need much time to analyze a complicated structure, but SFEMP and DSFEMP can reduce quite time. In this study, it is assumed that excitations, system parameters and response are Gaussian. The results of response for the analysis are compared to those of numerical simulation. Also the probability of failure are calculated for using Advanced First Order Second Moment(AFOSM) of the general reliability analysis method.

노인의 대체요법 이용 양상에 대한 조사연구

신경림,박선영,신수진 성인간호학회 2004 성인간호학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the using pattern of alternative therapies in the elderly. Method: 197 subjects, persons who were more than 60 years old, we interviewed. We modified and complemented Shin's(2000) instrument in accordance with purpose of this study. Data were analyzed statistically by using SAS program. Result: 1. It was shown that 66.84% of subjects have utilized one or more types of alternative therapy. 2. It was shown that the most frequently used types are acupuncture (48.83%), and ethmoid bone therapy (42.75%). 3. Acupuncture was shown to be the most satisfactory type of therapy (14.50%). 4. There was a significant difference in the use ratio by sex; female 73.47% and male 60.20%. 5. Among users of alternative therapies, the most frequent responses to each question were as follows: 1. Motive of Use - "for complete cure of symptoms" (32.31%). 2. Side effects - "no side effects" (95.97%). Conclusion: We found that elderly persons used alternative therapies more frequently than others perpulations. Diet therapy and Hand therapy were most commonly used in older people. Although the elderly use alternative therapy, they cannot place confidence in its scientific reliability. Therefore, we need to examine the effects of alternative therapy.

이미지의 측면에서 본 문학과 미술의 관계

신혜경,김진수 경기대학교 2000 論文集 Vol.44 No.1

By looking at the long history of esthetics and art theory, there is no doubt that art is formed on the basis of an image. The imitation theory, which describes art as a reproduction of reality, dominated Western art theory since Platon. In 18th century, romanticism, which tells art as an expression of one's emotion, arose in opposition to the imitation theory. In spite of different point of views, both theories agree with each other on the point that art use an image as a vehicle to the meaning of its own existence. In structuralism, which criticizes both the imitation theory and expressionism, art is considered as an area existed through a realm which is different from a realistic realm or an imaginary realm. Even though there are some differences about the other on the point that art is originated by an image. The peculiar character of art, which classify art from other areas like science or religion, can be found in the meaning of an image and its origin. Therefore, it can be said that every esthetical theories that deal with the characteristic origin of art must discuss the existence of an imagination and an image. An image and an imagination, which produce the image, provide the most mystical feature of human being. We can begin to understand relations among different areas of art, especially between language arts and fine arts, through an image and an image process. In art, an image does not mean the possession of an image itself. It actually means the variety in supposed image process! This possibility of various interpretations comes from the metaphorical feature that one image confronts on unvisible facts through visible facts. This kind of the metaphorical feature of an image can transfer one realm to another. The image can be a vehicle for this kind of transfer. Art as a creation of an image forms the actual existence of unrealistic objects or in existing objects. This is because the artistic image, which materialize esthetical objects is set up as an unrealistic condition formed through imaginations. The imagination described here can be understood as the energy that the in existing image of an existing object displays by including the existence of that object. Throughout Western art history, it was the surrealism movement that literature and fine arts were recognized as the most similar spiritual work of art through the common understanding to the production of an image by an imagination. Especially surrealism remarks the fact that both literature and fine arts are the creations of an image based on unconscious mental movements. Surrealism arts regard an image as the only rhythmical support. That is materialized by continual combination of contrasting images. We can provide the basis of discussion for the difference and the similarity between literature and fine arts by following the motive of an encounter between two areas through an image which suggested by surrealists. In surrealism literature, words do not just meanings of them. Surrealism literature take aim at the virtual life vision which cultivates images beyond reality. It was the same vision stated above that surrealism paintings pursued. Surrealism paintings have various figurative motives on the surface. However, surrealism paintings eventually create new meanings for those motives by recomposing them. A. Breton's poetry, R. Magritte's and A. Masson's paintings, they all create the virtual life vision as an image beyond reality. In literature and fine arts, the issues of a image set the ground for an open discussion about a relationship between the world and the human race. Here, the image works as a vehicle to fill the abyss of tense relationship between subject and object, consciousness and unconsciousness, reality and virtual reality, and between existence and in existence. Therefore, it can be said that the image is a vehicle to visualize the in visible. Even if we accept the image as tool for communication', We can use the image as a tool for setting up the connection between the world and the human being. In this case, the image should not be understood only as a tool for communication but it should be understood also as a product of the human race for establishing relationship with the environment. This means a phenomenon of existence as well as that of in existence. Therefore, this is a sign of in existing reality at the same time that of existing unreality.

지역사회 거주 저소득층 노인의 우울증상 유병률과 관련인자

신희영,이훈,신일선,김재민,김성완,양수진,윤진상 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.5

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling low income elderly. Methods : A community survey of 1,351 low income residents aged 65 or over was conducted in Buk district of Gwangju, Korea. Depressive symptom was evaluated by the Korean Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS). Their Sociodemographic factors, the precence of chronic physical illness, and cognitive functions were investigated. Results : The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 69.8%. In multiple logistic regression, chronic physical illness (Odds Ratio : 2.68, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.98-3.63), low education (Odds Ratio : 1.84, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.39-2.43), and cognitive impairment (Odds Ratio : 1.61, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.20-2.16) were independently associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion : Depressive symptoms in community-dwelling low income elderly were very common, particularly related to current chronic physical illnesses. The results of this study can be useful for the development of community-based prevention and management programs for depression. Of elderleg.

자궁적출술을 경험한 여성의 통증과 냉증완화를 위한 쑥뜸요법 효과의 예비연구

신경림,곽순애,신수진 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The Purpose of this pilot study was to identify the effects of hand moxibustion therapy to decrease pain and relieve coldness of the body in women who had a hysterectomy. The conceptual framework of this study was derived from Ying-Yang, Khi and other corresponding theories. The data were collected from February to May 1997 A Graphic Rating scale was used to measure the degree of pain and Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(D.I.T.I) was used to examine the degree of coldness. The subjects were women who resided in Seoul and had a hysterectomy within five years. An experimental group was composed of five women who received moxibustion and a control group was composed of five who did not. The research procedure began with having both the experimental group and control group describe their general characteristics and the degree of pain they perceived. Then, Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(D.I.T.I) was conducted. Moxibustion was only given to the experimental group on both hands twice every day for a total of five weeks. Their perception of pain and D.I.T.I were examined weekly. The control group received no therapy. After finishing therapy. the perception of pain and D.I.T.I for both groups were also measured. According to this study, moxibustion therapy resulted in a change of body temperature on the right shoulder joint(p=0.00074), abdomen(p=0.0047), waist(p=0.0068) and hands(p=0.0317) respectively. Also, the study results showed significant decrease (p=0.0001) in pain over time and significant improvement over body coldness.

유한요소법을 이용한 밸브 스프링 리테이너의 형상설계

신혁수, 김동범, 박진근, 이인환, 조해용 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2013 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.27 No.2

A valve spring retainer is a small disc and located at intake and exhaust valve stem of engine. The retainer supports a valve spring and transmits spring force to a valve. Force is applied to the retainer repeatedly by a rocker arm. Durability of the retainer is an important factor of performance. Weight of retainer affect dynamic performance of engine. Therefore, optimal strength and weight of the retainer design are needed. In this study, stress distribution and fracture load of retainer were analyzed by using FEM to design optimal strength and weight. Static load test was simulated by using commercial FEM code DEFORM-3D. Shapes of the retainer to reduce weight were designed and analyzed to verify validity of it. Simulated results and experimental ones were compared

광주광역시 치매의 유병률과 위험인자의 도시-농촌 지역 비교

신일선,김재민,윤진상,김석재,양수진,김웅장,이승현,강순아,곽지영,이형영 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 광주광역시의 도시 및 농촌 지역에 거주하는 노인에서 치매의 유병률과 위험인자를 조사하고자 하였다. 부가적으로 이 두 지역간에 치매의 유병률과 위험인자를 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 광주광역시의 전형적인 도시와 농촌지역의 65세 이상의 노인(N=1,598)을 대상으로, 2단계의 역학연구를 수행하였다. 1차 선별 단계에서는 38명의 훈련된 연구보조원이 대상노인을 면담하여, 사회인구학적 특징을 조사하고 한국판 간이정신상태검사(Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination ; MMSE-K)로 평가하였다. 2차 임상 진단 단계에서는 1차 단계에서 MMSE-K 점수가 24점 이하인 노인(N=431)을 대상으로, 전문연구팀의 임상적 평가를 통해 치매를 진단하고 원인질환별로 알쯔하이머병(Alzheimer's disease ; AD), 혈관성 치매(vascular dementia ; VaD) 및 기타 치매로 분류하였다. 대상노인에서 치매의 유병률을 측정한 후, 광주광역시 전체 노인의 연령보정 유병률을 산출하였다. 전체 대상에서 AD의 위험인자를 조사한 후, 도시와 농촌군으로 나누어 분석을 다시 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1차 및 2차 단계의 참가율은 각각 71.0%(N=1,134) 및 83.2%(N=410) 였다. 연구 참여 노인(N=1,134)에서 전체 치매, AD 및 VaD의 유병률은 최소 각각 9.7%, 5.2%, 1.8%였다. 광주광역시 전체 노인의 연령 보정 유병률은 각각 10.7%, 5.7%, 1.9%인 것으로 산출되었다. AD의 독립 위험인자는 고령, 여성, 무학이었다. 도시와 농촌에 따른 유병률의 차이는 파악되지 않았다. 그러나 AD의 위험인자는 지역에 따라 차이가 있었다. 도시 노인에게는 무학만이, 농촌 노인에게는 고령과 여성인 경우가 독립 위험인자였다. 결 론 : 광주광역시 노인에서 치매의 유병률은 높았고, 이는 국내 다른 지역에서 수행된 선행연구 결과와 유사하였다. 알쯔하이머형 치매의 위험인자는 도시와 농촌에 따라 다른 결과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 한국에서의 치매의 실태를 반영하며, 치매의 적절한 관리와 예방을 위해서는 지역성 특성이 고려되어야 함을 시사한다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia in an urban and a rural sample of older persons in the metropolitan Kwangju area, Republic of Korea. In addition, the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia between the two samples were compared. Methods : A two-phase epidemiological study of residents aged 65 or over(N=1,598) was conducted in a highly developed, urban and a non-contiguous, poorly developed, rural area of metropolitan Kwangju. In the first(screening) phase, 38 trained research assistants collectively peformed in-home interviews for all participants. Detailed sociodemographic characteristics were gathered and the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) was administered. In the second (diagnosing) phase, diagnosis of dementia was established for those scoring 24 or less on the MMSE-K in the screening phase(N=431), and etiological types of dementia were classified to Alzheimer's disease(AD), vascular dementia(VaD) or miscellanous type by two teams of experts. Prevalence rate of dementia was determined in the participants, and age-standardized prevalence rate adjusted by age distribution in metropolitan Kwangju was estimated. For AD, the risk factors were investigated in all participants, and analyses were repeated for the urban and rural samples separately. Results : The participating rates in the first and second phases were 71.0%(N=1,134) and 83.2%(N=410), respectively. In the participants, the prevalence rates of dementia(all types), AD and VaD were 9.7%, 5.2% and 1.8%, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence rates were 10.7%, 5.7% and 1.9%, respectively. Aging, female gender and no education(complete lack of formal education) were identified as independent risk factors for AD. No difference between the urban and rural samples was observed in the prevalence rates of dementia(all types), AD and YaD. However, risk factors for AD differed between these areas. In the urban sample, no education was the only significant factor ; whereas, aging and female gender were identified as risk factors in the rural sample. Conclusion : A high prevalence rate of dementia was observed among old persons in metropolitan Kwangju, consistent with previous studies conducted in other Korean areas. The risk factor profi1es for AD differed between urban and rural settings. The results of this study reflect the current status of dementia in Korea and suggests that appropriate management and prevention strategies for dementia should be tailored toward the geographic settings.

노화쥐의 해마형성체와 내후각뇌피질에서 세포사 관련물질들의 변화에 대한 면역세포화학적 연구

신수진,우행원 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.3

연구목적 : 학습과 기억에서 중요한 역할을 담당하는 해마형성체(hippocampal formation)와 내후각뇌피질 (entorhinal cortex)에서 노화에 따른 세포사 관련물질의 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 각각 10마리의 노화쥐와 대조군을 대상으로 NOS, VIP, c-fos, bcl-2, bax, p53에 대한 항제를 사용하여 면역세포화학염색을 하였고, NOS와 bcl-2의 경우는 면역세포화학 염색이 선명하지 않아 in situhybridization도 함께 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1)NOS 면역반응 신경세포는 노화쥐의 내후각뇌피질에서 대조군에 비해 현저히 감소하였고(>30%), 수상돌기의 수가 감소하고 길이도 단축되었다. 또한 해마형성체에서 in situ hybridization 시행한 결과 NOS mRNA양성 신경세포는 노화쥐에서 현저히 감소하였다. 2)VIP면역반응 신경세포는 주로 양극성 세포이었으며, 노화쥐에서 감소하였고 신경세포에서 수상돌기의 수가 감소하고 길이도 단축되었다. 3)c-Fos의 면역세호화학 염색에서는 핵만 염색되는 것이 특징이었으며, c-fos 면역반응 핵의 수와 염색성이 노화쥐에서 감소하였다. 4)In situ hybridization을 시행한 bcl-2 mRNA양성 신경세포가 노화쥐에서 감소하였다. 5)Bax 면역반응세포는 대조군과 노화쥐에서 비슷한 분포를 보였고, 염생석이 노화쥐에서 약간 감소하였다. 6)P53 면역반응세포는 대조군에서는 염색이 되지 않았고 노화쥐의 해마 CA1에서만 관찰되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구는 뇌의 노화과정에 NOS, VIP, c-fos, bcl-2, p53이 포함된 신경세포 체계가 관련되어 있다는 것을 시사하며, 노화쥐의 해마형성체와 내후각뇌피질에서 세포사 관련물질들의 변화에 대한 형태학적 증거를 제공하였다. Objectives : Hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex play a part in learning and memory. This study sought to investigate the change of cell-death controlling factors in the hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex of aged rats. Methods : Ten aged rats and ten controls were studied. We performed immunocytochemical method using antibodies against NOS, VIP, c-fos, bcl-2, bax and p53 and in situ hybridization. Results : 1)The number of nNOS-immunoreactive(IR) neurons in the entorhinal cortex was significantly decreased in the aged rats(>30%). Morphologically, the number of dendritic branches seemed to be decreased and the length of dendrites showed a tendency to by shortened in the aged group. A major loss of nNOS mRNA positive neurons was observed in the hippocampal formation of the aged rats(>30%). 2)VIP-IR neurons were predominantly bipolar cell. VIP-IR cells were mildly decreased in the hippocampus and subiculum(<15%), and moderately decreased in the dentate gyrus and entorhinal cortex of the aged rats(1515-30%). The number and length of dendritic branches also appeared to have decreased and shortened in the aged group. 3)c-Fos immunoreactivity at cellular level was restricted only to the nucleus. C-Fos-IR nuclei were moderately decreased in the hippocampus(15-30%), and severely decreased in dentate gyrus, subiculum and entorhinal cortex of the aged rats(>30%) 4)Bcl-2 mRNA positive neurons were moderately decreased in the hippocampus, subiculum and entorhinal cortex(15-30%), and severely decreased in dentate gyrus of the aged rats(>30%). 5)Bax-IR neurons were similarly distributed between the control and the aged rats, but bax-IR neurons of the aged group, as compared to the control group, were weakly immunostained. 6)P53-IR neurons were only observed in hippocampal CA1 region of the aged rats. Conclusion : These results indicate the involvement of neuronal system containing NOS, VIP, c-fos, bcl-2 and p53 in the brain aging process, and provide the morphological evidence for the changes in immunoreactivity of cell-death controlling factors in the hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex of aged rats.