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Stanley E. Gillilannd 대한보건협회 1987 대한보건연구 Vol.13 No.2
In order to an observation and fundamental study on the rate of water holding capacity for the meat hygiene in the samples of 224 Korean native cattle. After salughter, l0gm of the beef each was taken from chuck, rib, loin, rump, flank and round in order to measure water holding rate in percent. It is hope that the information will be used for reference in future endeavors of study in the field of Meat Hygiene in Veterinary Public Health and Food Hygiene in Public Health. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Results of water holding rate in the beef was 75.8±1.04% in Korean native cattle. 2) The mean value of water holding rate the parts of beef were 76.1±1.3% in chuck, 75.1±1.5% in rib, 75.4±0.7% in loin, 76.0±1.5% in rump, 75.5±1.4% in flank and 76. 5±1.5% in round, respectively. 3) The age and body weight gain of cattle showed the reverse proportion to water holding rate of beef(p<0.01). 4) There was a significant correlation(r=-0.558, P<0.01) between age and water holding rate of muscle(beef) in Korean native cattle and its induced regression equation was shown as the following: Y=78.02-0.631X(Y is water holding rate in %, X is age in year). 5) The correlation coefficient of body weight and water holding rate of muscle(beef) was r=-0.602(p<0.01) and the regression equation induced from it was : Y=80.679-0.012 X(Y is water holding rate in %, X is body weight in kg).
Surgical Algorithm for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An Update
Stanley Yung Chuan Liu,Robert Wayne Riley,유명상 대한이비인후과학회 2020 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.13 No.3
Sleep surgery is part of a continuum of care for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that involves medical, pharmacologic, and behavioral therapy. Upper airway surgery for OSA can significantly improve stability by way of modulating the critical negative closing pressure. This is the same mechanism of action as positive airway pressure or oral appliance therapy. The updated surgical algorithm in this review adds precision in three areas: patient selection, identification of previously unaddressed anatomic phenotypes with associated treatment modality, and improved techniques of previously established procedures. While the original Riley and Powell phase 1 and 2 approach to sleep surgery has focused on individual surgical success rate, this algorithm strives for an overall treatment success with multi-modal and patient-centric treatments.
Effect of Varenicline on Tardive Dyskinesia: A Pilot Study
Stanley N. Caroff,Alisa R. Gutman,John Northrop,Shirley H. Leong,Rosalind M. Berkowitz,E. Cabrina Campbell 대한정신약물학회 2021 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.19 No.2
Objective: Although evidence implicates striatal cholinergic impairment as a mechanism underlying tardive dyskinesia, trials of nonspecific cholinergic agents have been inconclusive. As a partial agonist at specific nicotinic receptor sub-types, varenicline reduces drug-induced dyskinesias in animal models suggesting promise as a treatment for tardive dyskinesia. Methods: Three schizophrenia patients with tardive dyskinesia who were smokers underwent an open trial of varenicline. After a 2-week baseline, subjects received varenicline 1 mg twice daily. Changes from baseline on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale were measured after a 4-week varenicline stabilization period, and 6 weeks after the smoking quit date in one patient. Results: Varenicline had no effect on mean Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scores after 4 weeks. Although smok-ing decreased after 4 weeks on varenicline and diminished further in one patient after 10 weeks, this also appeared to have no effect on ratings of tardive dyskinesia. Conclusion: In contrast to animal models, no significant change in tardive dyskinesia occurred in response to varenicline replacement in three schizophrenia patients. Further investigations of cholinergic mechanisms in tardive dyskinesia are worthwhile as agents for specific cholinergic targets become available for treatment. In addition, treatment trials of tardive dyskinesia should control for smoking status, while patients on antipsychotics receiving nicotine replacement therapies for smoking should be studied further for changes in movement.
Stanley C. Igwe,Francesco Brigo 대한정신약물학회 2018 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.16 No.3
Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are increasingly used for the treatment of psychotic disorders but are known to be associated with metabolic abnormalities. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying the effectiveness of melatonin for the amelioration of AAP-induced metabolic syndrome. The MEDLINE (accessed via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials, PsycINFO, LILACS, CINAHL, and OpenGrey databases were searched for RCTs without language restrictions. Inclusion criteria were randomized, double-blind clinical trials comparing melatonin or melatonin agonists with placebo for the amelioration of AAP-induced effects at any age with selected components of metabolic syndrome as outcome measures. Two reviewers independently selected articles and assessed quality using Cochrane risk of bias and concealment tools. Of 53 records, five RCTs were eligible for the systematic review and three for the meta-analysis. The meta-analyses showed no statistically significant difference in any anthropometric or metabolic variable considered. Analysis according to psychiatric diagnosis from one RCT showed significant decreases in diastolic blood pressure (5.5 vs. −5.7 mmHg for the placebo and melatonin groups, respectively; p =0.001), fat mass (2.7 vs. 0.2 kg, respectively; p =0.032), and triglycerides (D) (50.1 vs. −20 mg/dl, respectively; p =0.08) in the bipolar group but not the schizophrenia group. Although limited to five RCTs with small sample sizes, evidence from RCT indicates that melatonin improves AAP-induced metabolic syndrome. This beneficial effect seems more significant in patients with bipolar disorder than those with schizophrenia. Further RCTs are needed to definitively establish the potential ameliorative effect of melatonin and to justify its efficacy as an add-on therapy to curtail AAP-induced metabolic syndrome.