Neurodevelopmental Changes in Social Reinforcement Processing: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Soonjo Hwang,Harma Meffert,Michelle R. VanTieghem,Stuart F. White,Stephen Sinclair,Susan Y. Bookheimer,James Blair 대한정신약물학회 2017 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.15 No.4

Objective: In the current study we investigated neurodevelopmental changes in response to social and non-social reinforcement. Methods: Fifty-three healthy participants including 16 early adolescents (age, 10-15 years), 16 late adolescents (age, 15-18 years), and 21 young adults (age, 21-25 years) completed a social/non-social reward learning task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants responded to fractal image stimuli and received social or non-social reward/non-rewards according to their accuracy. ANOVAs were conducted on both the blood oxygen level dependent response data and the product of a context-dependent psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analysis involving ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and bilateral insula cortices as seed regions. Results: Early adolescents showed significantly increased activation in the amygdala and anterior insula cortex in response to non-social monetary rewards relative to both social reward/non-reward and monetary non-rewards compared to late adolescents and young adults. In addition, early adolescents showed significantly more positive connectivity between the vmPFC/bilateral insula cortices seeds and other regions implicated in reinforcement processing (the amygdala, posterior cingulate cortex, insula cortex, and lentiform nucleus) in response to non-reward and especially social non-reward, compared to late adolescents and young adults. Conclusion: It appears that early adolescence may be marked by: (i) a selective increase in responsiveness to non-social, relative to social, rewards; and (ii) enhanced, integrated functioning of reinforcement circuitry for non-reward, and in particular, with respect to posterior cingulate and insula cortices, for social non-reward.

Dysfunctional Social Reinforcement Processing in Disruptive Behavior Disorders: An Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Soonjo Hwang,Harma Meffert,Michelle R. VanTieghem,Stephen Sinclair,Susan Y. Bookheimer,Brigette Vaughan,R. J. R. Blair 대한정신약물학회 2018 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.16 No.4

Objective: Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) work has revealed that children/adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) show dysfunctional reward/non-reward processing of non-social reinforcements in the context of instrumental learning tasks. Neural responsiveness to social reinforcements during instrumental learning, despite the importance of this for socialization, has not yet been previously investigated. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy children/adolescents and 19 children/adolescents with DBDs performed the fMRI social/ non-social reinforcement learning task. Participants responded to random fractal image stimuli and received social and non-social rewards/non-rewards according to their accuracy. Results: Children/adolescents with DBDs showed significantly reduced responses within the caudate and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) to non-social (financial) rewards and social non-rewards (the distress of others). Connectivity analyses revealed that children/adolescents with DBDs have decreased positive functional connectivity between the ventral striatum (VST) and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) seeds and the lateral frontal cortex in response to reward relative to non-reward, irrespective of its sociality. In addition, they showed decreased positive connectivity between the vmPFC seed and the amygdala in response to non-reward relative to reward. Conclusion: These data indicate compromised reinforcement processing of both non-social rewards and social non-rewards in children/adolescents with DBDs within core regions for instrumental learning and reinforcement-based decision- making (caudate and PCC). In addition, children/adolescents with DBDs show dysfunctional interactions between the VST, vmPFC, and lateral frontal cortex in response to rewarded instrumental actions potentially reflecting disruptions in attention to rewarded stimuli.

Enhancement of equipment information sharing using three-dimensional computer-aided design simplification and digital catalog techniques in the plant industry

Kwon, Soonjo,Kim, Byung Chul,Hwang, Hojin,Mun, Duhwan,Han, Soonhung SAGE Publications 2016 Concurrent Engineering Vol.24 No.3

<P>Process plants are designed and constructed by engineering, procurement, and construction companies, which order various types of equipment to be installed in them. Equipment manufacturers design and produce the ordered equipment, and deliver it to the customer. Therefore, equipment information sharing between them is an important issue for engineering collaboration in a plant project. However, they use different three-dimensional computer-aided design systems for different purposes. For this reason, additional three-dimensional computer-aided design and data merging techniques are required for equipment information sharing. This article presents a new approach to share equipment information using three-dimensional computer-aided design simplification and digital catalog techniques. In this approach, the equipment's three-dimensional computer-aided design data generated by a manufacturer are first simplified and then converted into neutral three-dimensional computer-aided design. The converted three-dimensional computer-aided design data are merged with port and specification data into a digital catalog. Equipment information in the form of this digital catalog is finally delivered to the engineering, procurement, and construction companies.</P>

인간의 체력을 반영한 초고층 빌딩 대피 시뮬레이션

권순조(Kwon, Soonjo),김현철(Kim, Hyuncheol),황태환(Hwang, Taehwan),이재민(Lee, Jaemin) 한국방재학회 2021 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.21 No.5

도시 구조의 고도화 및 인구 집중화로 인하여 초고층 건물이 지속적으로 건설되고 있고 초고층 건물에 비상 상황 발생시 대피 안전성을 사전에 예측해야하는 필요성 증대되고 있다. 그러나 현재 국내외의 연구에서는 대피 상황에서의 인간의 이동에만 초점을 맞추어 최종 대피시간을 예측하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현실적인 초고층 대피 시뮬레이션을 위하여 대피자의 체력 감소와 같은 인간 특성이 반영된 대피 시뮬레이션을 제안하고자 한다. 대피 시뮬레이션은 세계 최고의 초고층 건물인 Burj Khalifa을 대상으로 수행하였으며 체력 감소를 고려한 경우와 고려하지 않은 경우에 대하여 비교 검증을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과 체력 감소를 고려한 경우에 체력 감소를 고려하지 않은 경우보다 총 대피 시간이 현저하게 증가함이 확인되었다. 인간의 체력 감소를 초고층 건물 대피 시뮬레이션에 적용하면 현실적인 대피 예측이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. Currently, high-rise buildings are being continuously constructed, and thus, it is necessary to predict evacuation safety in advance in case of emergency situations in high-rise buildings. However, current studies focus only on the movement of individuals in evacuation situations for predicting the final evacuation time. Therefore, in this study, a simulation of realistic evacuation in high-rise buildings was performed based on characteristics such as the physical stamina of evacuees. The evacuation simulation was performed on the world s tallest high-rise building, Burj Khalifa, and comparative verification was performed with and without consideration of the physical stamina of evacuees. The results of the simulation indicated that the total evacuation time significantly increases when physical stamina is considered. Hence, realistic evacuation in high-rise buildings is possible when the stamina of evacuees is considered.

플랜트 산업에서 기자재 간략화 기술의 활용

문두환(Duhwan Mun),권순조(Soonjo Kwon),김병철(Byung Chul Kim),황호진(Hojin Hwang),한순흥(Soonhung Han) (사)한국CDE학회 2014 한국 CAD/CAM 학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.8

플랜트 설계 및 건설 과정에서 EPC 사는 설계와 시공을 담당하고 많은 수의 기자재 제작업체가 플랜트에 설치될 기자재를 제작하여 납품한다. 그러나 EPC 사와 기자재 제작업체가 사용하는 3D CAD 시스템의 종류가 다르고 3D CAD 데이터의 사용 목적도 달라 기자재 제작업체가 제공하는 3D CAD 데이터를 EPC 사가 직접 사용하기가 어렵다. 이에 따라 플랜트 설계 및 시공 과정에서 참여자들간의 협업을 지원하기 위해서는 단순 설계 정보의 교환뿐만이 아니라 추가적인 CAD 데이터 처리 기술의 개발이 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 플랜트 산업에서 EPC 사와 기자재 제작업체들간의 협업을 지원하기 위해서 기자재 데이터를 공유하는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법에서 기자재 정보는 국제 표준을 활용한 기자재 정보 포털에서 교환된다. 그리고 교환과정에서 필요한 CAD 데이터 처리를 위해 3D CAD 간략화 기술과 기자재 카탈로그 구축 기술을 개발하였다. 제안하는 방법은 프로토타입 시스템 개발과 샘플 기자재의 정보 공유 실험을 통해 검증하였다.

Porous Covalent Triazine Polymer as a Potential Nanocargo for Cancer Therapy and Imaging

Rengaraj, Arunkumar,Puthiaraj, Pillaiyar,Haldorai, Yuvaraj,Heo, Nam Su,Hwang, Seung-Kyu,Han, Young-Kyu,Kwon, Soonjo,Ahn, Wha-Seung,Huh, Yun Suk American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.14

<P>A microporous covalent triazine polymer (CTP) network with a high surface area was synthesized via the Friedel-Crafts reaction and employed as a potential transport system for drug delivery and controlled release. The CTP was transformed to the nanoscale region by intense ultrasonication followed by filtration to yield nanoscale CTP (NCTP). This product showed excellent dispersibility in physiological solution while maintaining its chemical structure and porosity. An anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was loaded onto the NCTP through hydrophobic and pi-pi interactions, and its release was controlled at pH 4.8 and 7.4. The NCTP showed no toxicity toward cancer or normal cells, but the NCTP-DOX complex showed high efficacy against both types of cells in vitro. In-vitro cell imaging revealed that NCTP is a potential material for bioimaging. The potency of NCTP on cellular senescence was confirmed by the expression of senescence associated marker proteins p53 and p21. These results suggest that NCTP can be used as a new platform for drug delivery and imaging with potential applications in diagnosis and therapy.</P>

Effectiveness of Stimulant Medications on Disruptive Behavior and Mood Problems in Young Children

Ian Parsley,Zhuo Zhang,Mark Hausmann,Arica Lerdahl,Brigette Vaughan,Ryan Edwards,Soonjo Hwang 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.3

Objective: There are very few studies on the effectiveness of stimulant medications for the treatment of disruptive mood and behavior problems in young children (less than 7 years) with Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD). The current study aims to determine whether young children (ages 4−7) in a long-term, intensive outpatient behavioral treatment program who are receiving stimulant medications show greater improvement in mood and behavior problems compared to peers who did not. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for 97 participants diagnosed with DBD, aged 4−7 years old who were enrolled in an intensive outpatient behavioral intervention program. Pre- and post-intervention Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores for disruptive behavior and mood problems were compared between the children who received stimulant medications and those who did not. Results: Paired t tests showed a statistically significant improvement in CBCL outcomes between pre- and post-intervention scores of disruptive behavior and mood problems. ANCOVA analysis, however, showed no clear further improvement in those same CBCL scores in the participants who received stimulant medications compared to the participants who did not. CBCL scores for Conduct Disorder were marginally significant for less improvement for the participants who received stimulant medications. Conclusion: This retrospective review suggests a possibility that stimulant medications may not provide additional benefit for the long-term treatment of disruptive behavior and mood problems in young children under age 7. Future study is warranted to evaluate the efficacy/effectiveness of stimulant medications in the treatment of disruptive behavior and mood problems in this population.

Porous NH₂-MIL-125 as an efficient nano-platform for drug delivery, imaging, and ROS therapy utilized Low-Intensity Visible light exposure system

Rengaraj, Arunkumar,Puthiaraj, Pillaiyar,Heo, Nam-Su,Lee, Hoomin,Hwang, Seung Kyu,Kwon, Soonjo,Ahn, Wha-Seung,Huh, Yun-Suk Elsevier 2017 Colloids and surfaces Biointerfaces Vol.160 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Metal-organic frameworks are a novel class of organic-inorganic hybrid polymer with potential applications in bioimaging, drug delivery, and ROS therapy. NH<SUB>2</SUB>-MIL-125, which is a titanium-based metal organic framework with a large surface area of 1540m<SUP>2</SUP>/g, was synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The material was characterized by powder X-ray diffreaction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N<SUB>2</SUB> isotherm analyses. The size of the polymer was reduced to the nanoscale using a high-frequency sonication process. PEGylation was carried out to improve the stability and bioavailability of the NMOF. The as-synthesized nano-NH<SUB>2</SUB>-MIL-125/PEG (NMOF/PEG) exhibited good biocompatibility over the (Cancer) MCF-7 and (Normal) COS-7 cell line. The interaction of NMOF/PEG with the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was examined by BIO-TEM analysis and laser confocal imaging. 2′,7′–dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) analysis confirmed that NMOF/PEG produced free radicals inside the cancer cell line (MCF-7) upon visible light irradiation. NMOF/PEG absorbed a large amount of DOX (20wt.% of DOX) and showed pH, and photosensitive release. This controlled drug delivery was attributed to the presence of NH<SUB>2</SUB>, Ti group in MOF and a hydroxyl group in PEG. This combination of chemo- and ROS-therapy showed excellent efficiency in killing cancer MCF-7 cells.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PEG coated nano NH<SUB>2</SUB>-MIL-125 (NMOF) was synthesized via sonication process. </LI> <LI> NMOF/PEG exhibited good biocompatibility over both cancer and noncancer cell line. </LI> <LI> Biocompatible NMOF/PEG was applied for cancer doxorubicin (DOX) drug delivery. </LI> <LI> NMOF/PEG-DOX interaction with cancer cell was examined by BIO-TEM and confocal imaging. </LI> <LI> NMOF/PEG-DOX with ROS induction had a higher cytotoxicity on cancer cell than NMOF. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>