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Effectiveness of Stimulant Medications on Disruptive Behavior and Mood Problems in Young Children

Ian Parsley,Zhuo Zhang,Mark Hausmann,Arica Lerdahl,Brigette Vaughan,Ryan Edwards,Soonjo Hwang 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.3
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Objective: There are very few studies on the effectiveness of stimulant medications for the treatment of disruptive mood and behavior problems in young children (less than 7 years) with Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD). The current study aims to determine whether young children (ages 4−7) in a long-term, intensive outpatient behavioral treatment program who are receiving stimulant medications show greater improvement in mood and behavior problems compared to peers who did not. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for 97 participants diagnosed with DBD, aged 4−7 years old who were enrolled in an intensive outpatient behavioral intervention program. Pre- and post-intervention Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores for disruptive behavior and mood problems were compared between the children who received stimulant medications and those who did not. Results: Paired t tests showed a statistically significant improvement in CBCL outcomes between pre- and post-intervention scores of disruptive behavior and mood problems. ANCOVA analysis, however, showed no clear further improvement in those same CBCL scores in the participants who received stimulant medications compared to the participants who did not. CBCL scores for Conduct Disorder were marginally significant for less improvement for the participants who received stimulant medications. Conclusion: This retrospective review suggests a possibility that stimulant medications may not provide additional benefit for the long-term treatment of disruptive behavior and mood problems in young children under age 7. Future study is warranted to evaluate the efficacy/effectiveness of stimulant medications in the treatment of disruptive behavior and mood problems in this population.
2
Irradiation-induced disordering and amorphization of Al3Ti-based intermetallic compounds

Park, Jeong-Yong,Kim, Il-Hyun,Motta, Arthur T.,Ulmer, Christopher J.,Kirk Jr., Marquis A.,Ryan Jr., Edward A.,Baldo Jr., Peter M. Elsevier 2015 JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS Vol.467 No.2
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Abstract An in situ ion-irradiation study, simultaneously examined using transmission electron microscopy, was performed to investigate irradiation-induced disordering and amorphization of Al3Ti-based intermetallic compounds. Thin foil samples of two crystalline structures: D022-structured Al3Ti and L12-structured (Al,Cr)3Ti were irradiated using 1.0 MeV Kr ions at a temperature range from 40 K to 573 K to doses up to 4.06 × 1015 ions/cm2. The results showed that both the compounds underwent an order-disorder transformation under irradiation, where both Al3Ti and (Al,Cr)3Ti ordered structures were fully transformed to the disordered face-centered cubic (FCC) structure except at the highest irradiation temperature of 573 K. A slightly higher irradiation dose was required for order-disorder transformation in case of Al3Ti as compared to (Al,Cr)3Ti at a given temperature. However, their amorphization resistances were different: while the disordered FCC (Al,Cr)3Ti amorphized at the irradiation dose of 6.25 × 1014 ions/cm2 (0.92 dpa) at 40 K and 100 K, the Al3Ti compound with the same disordered FCC structure maintained crystallinity up to 4.06 × 1015 ions/cm2 (5.62 dpa) at 40 K. The critical temperature for amorphization of (Al,Cr)3Ti under Kr ion irradiation is likely between 100 K and room temperature and the critical temperature for disordering between room temperature and 573 K.
3
Nanomagnetic System for Rapid Diagnosis of Acute Infection

Park, Ki Soo,Kim, Hoyoung,Kim, Soojin,Lee, Kyungheon,Park, Sohyeon,Song, Jun,Min, Changwook,Khanam, Farhana,Rashu, Rasheduzzaman,Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman,Ryan, Edward T.,Qadri, Firdausi,Weissleder, Ra American Chemical Society 2017 ACS NANO Vol.11 No.11
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Pathogen-activated antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) produce and secrete antigen-specific antibodies. ASCs are detectable in the peripheral blood as early as 3 days after antigen exposure, which makes ASCs a potential biomarker for early disease detection. Here, we present a magnetic capture and detection (MCD) assay for sensitive, on-site detection of ASCs. In this approach, ASCs are enriched through magnetic capture, and secreted antibodies are magnetically detected by a miniaturized nuclear magnetic resonance (μNMR) system. This approach is based entirely on magnetics, which supports high contrast against biological background and simplifies assay procedures. We advanced the MCD system by (i) synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles with high magnetic moments for both cell capture and antibody detection, (ii) developing a miniaturized magnetic device for high-yield cell capture, and (iii) optimizing the μNMR assay for antibody detection. Antibody responses targeting hemolysin E (HlyE) can accurately identify individuals with acute enteric fever. As a proof-of-concept, we applied MCD to detect antibodies produced by HlyE-specific hybridoma cells. The MCD achieved high sensitivity in detecting antibodies secreted from as few as 5 hybridoma cells (50 cells/mL). Importantly, the assay could be performed with whole blood with minimal sample processing.Graphic Abstract <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2017/ancac3.2017.11.issue-11/acsnano.7b06074/production/images/medium/nn-2017-06074g_0006.gif'><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn7b06074'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A>

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