Virus 에 감염된 대추나무의 이병엽과 (罹炳葉) 건전엽에 (健全葉) 있어서의 유리 (遊離) amino 산의 정성적 비교

홍순우(Soon Woo Hong),하영칠(Yung Chil Hah) 한국식물학회 1961 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.4 No.1

Hong, Soon-Wooe and Yung-Chil, Hah (Dept. of Botany, Seoul National University, Seoul, Kerea.) A compantive investigation of free amino acids in healthy and virus diseased Chinese date tree. Kor. Jour. Bot. 4 (1)9~12 1961 : A comparative investigation of free amino acids content in healthy check and virus diseased leaves of Chinese date tree, Zizyphus jujuqa Mill var. inermis Rhed, was carried out by authors throughout the growing season of 1959 and 1960 from June to October. The methods of qualitative analysis of free amino acids applied in this experiment is followed by Moore and Stein.^(1.2). free amino acids determined in this experiment are shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1. As the figure and the table are shown, three more amino acids such as glutarmine, asparagine and histidine are detected in the diseased material. The additiolal amino acids which are known as diamines in diseased leaves are conspicuous. It is presumed that the diamine might be increased by the self-reproduoion of the virus in cooporation with certain enzymes which are carrying out the protein metabolism in the host protoplast in contrast with the healthy checks which is carrying out normal protein metabolism,^(3.4.5). From the histological point of view, the facts of phloem degeneration or necrosis in diseased leaves, it seems to interrupt to move free amino acids from roots to leaves and it possibly takes place an excessive productitn of NH_3 which is diaminated by the metabolism of nitrogen compounds in such conditioned leaves.^(6.8) Therefore, it is also presumed that additional diamino acids are accumulated in diseased leaves. There are no change of amino acids in both materials of this plant throughout the growing season qualitatively, and this result agrees with the paper of Knight.^9

치환 Thiobenzamide류와 Benzyl Bromide의 반응에 관한 반응속도론적 연구

홍순영,여수동,임용진 경북대학교 공과대학 1971 工大硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

The kinetics of the reactions of m­or p-substituted thiobenzamides with benzyl bromde in acetone have been determined by an electric conductivity method. From these reactions, a positive Hammett plot is obtained and a mechanistic possiblity is proposed to account for the results. Some activation parameters have been also calculated.

Ferrocenylmethyl Benzoate류의 가용매분해에 대한 반응속도론적 연구

홍순영,김창석,원성준 漢陽大學校 自然科學硏究所 1996 自然科學論文集 Vol.15 No.-

여러 가지 p- 혹은 m- 치환 ferrocenylmethyl benzoate를 합성하였다. 이들 에스테르의 가용매 분해반응 속도를 여러 혼합비의 methanol, ethanol, acetone 및 1,4-dioxane 수용액에서 pH metric method로 측정하였다. 반응 속도는 용매의 유전상수가 클수록 빠르고 Kirkwood-Onsager 관계식에 잘 맞았다. Grunwald-Winstein 식을 적용시킬 때 substrate parameter m 값이 0.5 -0.6으로 나타나며 aprotic solvent에서 보다 protic solvent에서 약간 더 크게 나타났다. 이들 가용매 분해반응은 전자 끄는 치환기에 의해 촉진되며 Hammett 반응 상수가 +0.622 (80% EtOH)와 +0.882 (80% 1,4-dioxane)로 나타났다. 또한 이들 반응에 관여하는 몇 가지 활성화 parameter를 산출하였다. 이상의 반응 속도론적 연구결과로부터 이들 에스테르의 가용매 분해반응은 ?? (alkyl-oxygen fission)과 ?? (acyl-oxygen fission)의 혼합과정으로, 그러나 ??쪽이 약간 우세한 과정으로 진행한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. Several ferrocenylmethyl p-or m- substituted benzoates were synthesized. Rates of solvolysis of these esters in aqueous methanol, ethanol, acetone or 1,4-dioxane of various compositions were measured by a pH metric method. Rates of reaction were increased with increasing dielectric constant of solvent and these reactions obeyed Kirkwood-Onsager equation well. Substrate parameter (m) derived from Grunwald-Winstein equation was found to be 0.4-0.6 in these solvolyses, and the value (m) in protic solvent was slightly larger than that in aprotic solvent. Reactions were accelerated by electron-withdrawing substituents and Hammett substituent constants (ρ) of +0.622 (in 80% EtOH) and +0.882 ( in 80% 1, 4-dioxane) were obtained. Some activation parameters relevant to these reactions were also calculated. From the observed kinetics, it was concluded that ferrocenylmethyl benzoates solvolyze by a combination of ?? (alkyl-oxygen fission) and ?? (acyl-oxygen fission) pathways, in which ?? mode predominates slightly over ?? mode.

약물치료에 가역적 회복을 보인 갈색세포종에 동반된 확장성 심근증 1례

홍숙경,최현,이승철,천경일,김영철,한재룡,김미숙,정경태,박순창 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.2

벤조니트릴류의 니트릴신축진동에 대한 치환기와 용매의 효과

홍순영,박용대 慶北大學校 1971 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The nitrile stretching frequency gives a strong peak in infrared field. The nitrile stretching frequencies of o-, or p-substituted benzonitriles in the solid phase and in the liquid solvents, that is, carbontetracholoride and chloroform, have been determined by an IR Spectrophotometer. Substituted benzonitriles give better correlation with σ^+ than with σ. This means that direct resonance interaction is significant for the nitrile stretching frequency. But o-methyl benzonitriles give poor correlation with σ^+ or σ, it means that the steric effects on nitrile stretching frequency is more significant than the polar effect. The equations, ν_CHCI3=5.8σ^++2222.6, ν_CCI4=3.7σ^++2223.4, ν_KBr=7.2σ^++2211.9, were obtained, making it possible to calculate the nitrile stretching frequency for benzonitriles.

Factor analysis of Water Quality and Ecosystem in Jinhae Bay

홍순우,하영칠,안태석 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

진해만의 6개 정점의 표·지층에서 1976년 7월부터 1982년 12월까지 물리화학적, 생물학적인 환경요소를 65회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 이들 자료를 통계학적인 분석을 통하여 진해만의 수질및 생태계에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 그 결과 행암만 내부에 위치한 정점 6 을 제외한 전 해역에서 식물성 플랑크톤의 이상증식이 주요한 요인으로 생태계의 44∼56%의 변화를 설명할 수 있었으며, 정점 6 에서는 영양염류가 중요한 요인이 됨을 알았다. 두번째 요인으로는 담수의 유입으로 볼 수 있었으며, 이 요인은 외해로 나갈수록 그 영향이 적어져, 정점 4 에서는 의미가 없었다. 질소의 유입도 각 정점에서 주요한 요인이었으며, 그 외에 유기물의 증가, 도시하수의 유입, 영양염류의 침전 및 미생물에 의한 염류의 재순환과 광합성이 진해만에서의 수질과 생태계를 지배하는 주요 요인으로 확인되었다. In Jinhae bay, the physicochemical, biological and ecological surveys were carried out 65times at six sites both insurface and bottom water from July 1976 to December 1982. Twenty one abiotic andbiotic parameters were determined on each sample. These data were subjected to factor analysis to scrutinize the effects of environmental conditions on water quality and ecosystem. The phytoplankto blooming was the major factor of the variance of the water quality and ecosystem in Jinhae bay. Fresh water inflow was second factor at site 1 and 6, and it was third factor in site 3 and 5. The nitrogen inflow was also play an improtant role, which was second factor at site 2, 3, 4 and 5, and third factor at site 1. Beside above factors, the increasing of organic materials, waste water in flow, precipitation and recycling of nutrients, upwelling of sediment, nutrient, salts and photosynthesis were also determined for the variation of water quality and ecosystem.

置換 p-Nitrophenyl Benzoate類의 加水分解에 대한 Triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 錯化合物의 촉매 효과

홍순영,김창석,노재근 漢陽大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1995 基礎科學論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Triamine이 tridentate 리간드를 형성하는 몇 가지 triamine-copper(II)-imidazolate 착물들을 합성하여 이 착물들의 촉매 작용을 치환 p-nitrophenyl benzoate의 가수분해에 대하여 UV spectrophotometric method로 연구하였다. Triamine-copper(II)-imidazolate 착물들을 imidazole 그 자체보다 1.35-2.65배의 비교적 큰 촉매 효과를 나타내었다. 특히, triamine-copper(II)-imidazolate 착물들은 triamine이 copper(II)와 6-membered ring을 형성할 때 보다 5-membered ring을 형성할 때 촉매 효과가 더 향상되었다. 치환 p-nitrophenyl benzoate의 가수분해 반응속도는 반응 매체의 pH가 증가할 수록 또한 촉매의 농도가 커질수록 증가하였다. 치환기와 반응속도 사이에는 Hammett rule이 잘 적용되었고 전자 끄는 치환기에 의해 반응이 촉진되었다. 따라서 이 반응은 전이 상태에서 C-OR 결합 해리 보다는 물 분자의 공격에 의한 C-OH 결합 형성에 의해 지배 된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 촉매에 의한 pH11 부근에서의 가수분해 반응에서 용매 동위원소 효과, ??, 가 2.12-3.32로 나타났으며 이 사실로부터 이들 가수분해 반응이 일반 염기성 촉매작용 메카니즘에 의해 진행 된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Several triamine-copper(II)-imidazolate complexes in which triamine serves as a tridentate ligand were synthesized. Catalytic action of these complexes for the hydrolysis of substituted p-nitrophenyl benzoates was observed by a UV spectrophotometric method. Triamine-copper(II)-imidazolate complexes were 1.35-2.65 times more effective than imidazole itself as catalyst for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl benzoate. Especially, the triamine-copper(II)-imidazolate which composed of two fused five-membered rings showed slightly more effective catalytic action than that composed of fused five-and six-membered rings or two fused six-membered rings. The hydrolysis rate of substituted p-nitrophenyl benzoates was increased with increasing pH of the reaction medium or concentration of catalyst. The rate of hydrolysis was enhanced by eletron-withdrawing substituents obeying well the Hammet rule. This implies that C-OH bond formation, rather than C-OR bond cleavage, is a rate-determining step at the transition state proceeding through a typical S?2 path. Solvent deuterium kinetic isotope effect, ??, in the hydrolysis of substituted p-nitrophenyl benzoates near pH 11, was found to be 2.12-3.32 suggesting that the catalytic hydrolysis proceeds by a general base catalysis pathway.

방향족 케톤에 있어서 카르보닐 신축진동에 미치는 치환기의 영향(ll)-3-페닐시드논

尹炳曦,洪淳瑛 漢陽大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1983 基礎科學論文集 Vol.2 No.-

페닐기에 치환기를 도입시킨 9종류의 치환 3-페닐시드논을 대상으로 하여 카르보닐 신축진동에 미치는 치환기의 영향을 적외선 분광 분석법으로 조사하였다. 다른 방향족 케톤에서와는 반대로 전자흡인치환기가 카르보닐 신축진동수를 감소시키는 결과가 나타났다. 또한 치환기와 신축진동수의 변화사이에 Hammett의 관계식이 잘 적용되었으며 치환기의 영향이 다른 방향족 케톤에서 보다 훨씬 큰 사실이 발견되었다. 이런 결과를 시드논의 특이한 분자구조와 관련시켜 고찰하였다. The correlation between infrared carbonyl stretching frequency with substituent in 3-phenylsydnone has been investigated. The Hammett rule was applied well to this correlation. However, in contrast with other aromatic ketones the carbonyl stretching frequency was decreased by electron-withdrawing substituents. This observation was rationalized by means of a structural feature of sydnone ring.

4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside의 加水分解에 대한 Trimaine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 錯化合物의 觸媒 效果에 關한 硏究

노재근,홍순영,고상연,김창석 漢陽大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學論文集 Vol.13 No.-

Triamine이 tridentate ligand를 형성하는 몇가지 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex들을 합성하여 이 complex들의 촉매작용을 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside의 가수분해에 대하여 UV spectrophotometric method로 조사하였다. 이 complex들은 imidazole이나 imidazolate자체에 비해서 비교적 좋은 촉매 효과를 나타내었다. 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside의 가수분해 반응속도는 반응 매체의 pH가 증가할 수록 또한 촉매의 농도가 커질수록 증가하였다. Triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex는 imidazole 그 자체에 비하여 1.99∼2.84배의 비교적 큰 촉매효과를 나타내었다. 또한 imidazole 및 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex의 촉매효과는 imidazole ring의 전자 주는 기에 의해서 증가하고, 전자 끄는 기에 의해서는 감소하였다. Triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate-complex는 triamine이 copper(Ⅱ)와 6-membered ring을 이룰 때 보다 5-membered ring을 이룰 때가 촉매 효과가 약간 향상되는 것으로 보아 이 구조로 형성된 complex가 보다 안정한 구조를 하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside의 구조가 acetal의 구조를 가짐에도 불구하고 일반적인 acetal과는 달리 높은 pH에서 가수분해 반응이 더 잘 진행되었으며 이 현상은 설명할 수 있는 반응 메카니즘을 제시하였다. Several triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complexes in which triamine serves as a tridentate ligand were synthesized. Catalytic action of these complexes for the gydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside were observed by a UV spectrophotometric method. These complexes showed a marked catalytic action enhacing the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside in comparison with imidazole or imidazolate alone. It was observed that the higher the pH and the concentration of catalyst, the faster the rate of hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, and triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex showed 1.99-2.84 times bigger catalytic effect than imidazole. The catalytic effects of imidazole and triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex were increased by an electron releasing substituent, meanwhile decreased by an electron-withdrawing substituent of imidazole ring. The triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate which composed of two fused five-membered rings showed slightly more effective catalytic action than composed of one fused five-membered ring and one fused six-membered ring. This fact implies that the Cu(Ⅱ) complex containing tridentate ligand of five-membered ring is more stable than the complex containing tridentate ligand of six-membered ring. In contrast with a general acetal molecule, 4-nitorphenyl-x-D-glucopyranoside was readily hydorlyzed at high pH reaction media. A plausible mechanism for this observation is proposed.

Benzanilide류의 Carbonyl Stretching Frequency에 대한 치환기의 영향(Ⅰ)

박용태,홍순영 경북대학교 1971 生産技術 Vol.5 No.-

The carbonyl stretching frequencies of substituted benzanilides in the solid phase have been determined. Substituents in benzoyl ring give a good correlation with σ^+. This means that direct resoance interaction is significant for the carbonyl streching. The equation ν=12.11σ^++1650.4, was obtained, making it possible to calculate the carbonyl stretching frequencies for benzanilides. Using the σ^+ values for substituents, it was found that the electron transmission ability of benzanilides is twice as great as that of Chalcones.