The Antioxidant Effect of the Rhaponticum uniflorum Extracts on the Oxidative Stress in H₂O₂ induced Human Keratinocytes

So Hee Ahn,Won Yeoung Choi,Ji Won Jeong,Geon Woo Park,Su Yeon Kang,Eun Jeong Kim,Su Rim Sin,Eun Seo Jang,Gye Won Lee,Young Ho Cho 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

In this study, To investigate the antioxidant activities of Rhaponticum uniflorum extracts (RUE), we assessed scavenging activities on DPPH, ABTS radicals, and reducing power. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (SC50) of RUE were 96.97±1.19 μg/mL and 31.26±0.13 μ g/mL, respectively, and the reducing power significantly increased dose-dependent manner. To study the antioxidant effecters of RUE in H₂O₂ induced human keratinocytes, expression of Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Western blot and qRT-PCR. RUE induced the expression of HO-1, a critical target enzyme of Nrf2, in a concentration-dependent manner. The expression of HO- 1 mRNA was also induced in H₂O₂-treated HaCaT cells but no significant difference in the level of HO-1 mRNA was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that RUE may be useful as a potential ingredient for anti-aging products.

H₂O₂로 산화적 스트레스가 유도된 각질 형성 세포에서 흑삼 추출물의 항노화 효과

안소희(So Hee Ahn),이계원(Gye Won Lee),권득상(Deuk Sang Kwon),신현중(Hyun Joong Shin),조영호(Young Ho Cho) 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.50 No.10

본 연구에서는 95°C에서 6번 증숙하여 제조한 흑삼 추출물의 항산화 활성과 피부세포에서 산화적 스트레스로부터 보호 효과를 확인하고, 항산화 효소 발현, 주름개선 및 보습관련 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향을 측정하였다. 흑삼 추출물(BGE-A6)의 항산화 활성을 평가하기 위하여 DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion 라디칼 소거 활성 및 환원력을 측정하였다. 그 결과 증숙 후 흑삼 추출물이 증숙 전에 비하여 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 4배, ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 5배 정도 항산화 활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 피부 각질 형성 세포에서 산화적 스트레스로부터 BGE-A6의 세포보호 효과를 측정하기 위하여 BGE-A6를 1시간 전처리하고 0.5 mM H₂O₂를 6시간 동안 처리하여 분석한 결과, H₂O₂ 처리로 증가된 ROS 생성이 BGE-A6를 100 μg/mL 농도로 처리한 경우 약 40% 정도 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, BGE-A6의 ROS 소거 효과를 규명하기 위하여 세포 내 존재하는 항산화 효소의 발현량을 western blot으로 평가한 결과 H₂O₂에 의해 유도된 산화 스트레스로부터 감소된 항산화 효소(HO-1, CAT, SOD)의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 회복시켰다. 또한, BGE-A6의 주름 개선 효과를 확인하기 위하여 콜라겐 발현 및 MMP-1 발현 억제 정도를 ELISA와 western blot으로 측정한 결과 0.5 mM H₂O₂를 처리하였을 때 감소된 콜라겐 생성량이 BGE-A6를 100 μg/mL 농도로 처리할 경우 H₂O₂ 처리에 의해 감소된 콜라겐 생성량을 약 20% 정도 회복시키는 것으로 확인되었다(P<0.05). 0.5 mM H₂O₂를 처리하였을 때 증가된 MMP-1의 생성이 BGE-A6 처리 시 농도 의존적으로 억제되는 것으로 나타났다. BGE-A6의 피부보습 관련 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향을 western blot으로 측정한 결과 HAS2와 AQP3 발현량 및 EGFR의 인산화를 처리 시 농도 의존적으로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 피부세포에 H₂O₂를 처리하여 산화적 스트레스를 유도하였을 때 BGE-A6는 항산화 효소의 발현을 통해 세포보호 효과를 나타내고, AQP3, HAS2 및 콜라겐 단백질의 발현은 증가시키고 MMP-1의 발현을 감소시켜 피부보습 및 피부장벽 기능을 유지하는 것으로 사료된다. 또한, AQP3의 증가는 피부조직 및 피부세포막에 발현되는 EGF 수용체의 인산화를 증가시킴으로써 피부 건조에 대한 보호 효과도 있는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 흑삼 추출물은 항산화 효과, 피부보습 및 장벽기능 유지를 통한 항노화 화장품 소재로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. In this study, black ginseng extract steamed six times at 95°C (BGE-A6) was evaluated for its antioxidant, anti-wrinkle, and skin moisturizing effects in human keratinocytes. When steamed six times at 95°C, the content of total ginsenosides including minor ginsenosides (Rg3, Rh4, Rk1, and Rg5) was the highest at 14.97 mg/g. The antioxidant properties of BGE-A6 were measured by using different in vitro antioxidant assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ABTS), and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity of BGE-A6 was increased in a dose-dependent manner. A 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) assay and a western blot assay were performed to verify the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity of BGE-A6 in H₂O₂-induced human keratinocytes. Pretreatment with 100 μg/mL of BGE-A6 inhibited intracellular ROS production by about 40%. Also, the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), very well-known as antioxidant enzymes, was increased by BGE-A6 in a dose-dependent manner. BGE-A6 was shown to significantly inhibit the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and increase the production of type I collagen, thus confirming its anti-wrinkle activity (P<0.05). Furthermore, BGE-A6 significantly increased the phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and the expression of moisturizing proteins, such as hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (HAS2) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3), indicating that it is effective in enhancing skin hydration. The results of this study suggest that BGE-A6 has potential for use as an effective compound in anti-aging cosmetics to address wrinkle formation and skin hydration.

Blue Phosphorescence with High Quantum Efficiency Engaging the Trifluoromethylsulfonyl Group to Iridium Phenylpyridine Complexes

Kim, Jin-Hyoung,Kim, So-Yoen,Jang, Seol,Yi, Seungjun,Cho, Dae Won,Son, Ho-Jin,Kang, Sang Ook American Chemical Society 2019 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.58 No.23

<P>Incorporation of an electron-withdrawing −SO<SUB>2</SUB>CF<SUB>3</SUB> substituent to cyclometalating C^N-phenylpyridine (ppy) ligand resulted in an expected blue-shifted phosphorescence in the corresponding homoleptic <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB> complex, showing the emission of λ<SUB>em</SUB> = 464 nm at 300 K. One of its heteroleptic derivatives, modified by a pyrazolyl borate LX ligand, <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>2</B></SUB><B>(bor)</B>, exhibited further blue-shifted phosphorescence of λ<SUB>em</SUB> = 460 nm at 300 K. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations supported the efficacy of the electron-withdrawing capability of the SO<SUB>2</SUB>CF<SUB>3</SUB> substituent lowering HOMO energy and obtained widened bandgaps and resumed blue emissions for all of the iridium complexes studied. The homoleptic complexes of both substituents, <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB> and <B>Ir(ppySF)</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB>, reached the higher quantum yields (<I>Φ</I><SUB>PL</SUB>) of (0.89 and 0.72), respectively. Similarly, emission quantum yields (<I>Φ</I><SUB>PL</SUB>) of the heteroleptic derivatives were reported to be (0.75, 0.83, and 0.87) for <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>2</B></SUB><B>(acac)</B>, <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>2</B></SUB><B>(bor)</B>, and <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>2</B></SUB><B>(pic)</B>, respectively. Emission kinetics support the enhanced quantum efficiency when <I>k</I><SUB>r</SUB> and <I>k</I><SUB>nr</SUB> values are compared between <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB> and <B>Ir(ppySF)</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB>, and both values favorably contribute to attaining a higher quantum efficiency for <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB>. Among solution-processed multilayered devices having an ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TCTA:Ir dopant (10:1, <I>w</I>/<I>w</I>)/TmPyPB/Liq/Al structure, a heteroleptic dopant, <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>2</B></SUB><B>(bor)</B>, exhibited better device performance, reporting an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.14%, current efficiency (CE) of 2.31 cd A<SUP>-1</SUP>, and power efficiency (PE) of 1.21 lm W<SUP>-1</SUP>, together with blue chromaticity of CIE<SUB>x,y</SUB> = (0.16, 0.32).</P><P>Blue phosphorescence of Ir(III) complexes can be tuned with the introducing of strong electron withdrawing substituents and the variation in the ancillary ligands.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Analysis of Judicial Precedents Cases Regarding Skin Cancer from 1997 to 2017 in Republic of Korea

( Su Hwan Shin ),( Won Lee ),( So Yoon Kim ),( Gwanghyun Jo ),( Je-ho Mun ),( Soo Ick Cho ) 대한피부과학회 2019 Annals of Dermatology Vol.31 No.3

Background: Both medical disputes and the incidence of skin cancer are increasing in Korea. Objective: The aim of this study was to figure out the medical litigation related to skin cancer and propose a method to prevent the medical disputes. Methods: Skin cancer-related judgments were searched by The Supreme Court of Korea’s Written Judgment Management System based on the keywords for skin cancer. The search system included sentenced cases at the Lower Courts, the Appellate Courts, and the Supreme Court from 1997 to 2017. Results: Seven cases were selected as the litigation cases related to skin cancer. Four cases (57.1%) presented malignant melanoma, while the rest presented squamous cell carcinoma, metastatic skin cancer, and peripheral T cell lymphoma (1 case in each). Four cases resulted in death from cancer metastasis, and 3 cases presented as sequelae. The legal issues related to the medical disputes could be categorized as follows: misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, performance error, and lack of informed consent. Delayed diagnosis and lack of informed consent were the most common issues (n=4) in the precedents. Five cases (71.4%) were sentenced the awarded amounts to the plaintiff, including 2 cases of settlement decision. The average awarded amount was 42,553,644±27,567,455 Korean won. Conclusion: Physicians should pay attention to the cases of the skin cancer to prevent medical malpractice and disputes. The practices pertaining to proper diagnosis, treatment plans, and obtaining an informed consent should be followed during the course of treating skin cancer. (Ann Dermatol 31(3) 300∼306, 2019)

Analysis of judicial precedents cases regarding skin cancer from 1997 to 2017 in Republic of Korea

( Gwanghyun Jo ),( Su Hwan Shin ),( Won Lee ),( So Yoon Kim ),( Je-ho Mun ),( Soo Ick Cho ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Both medical disputes and the incidence of skin cancer are increasing in Korea. Objectives: To figure out the medical litigation related to skin cancer and propose a method to prevent the medical disputes Methods: Skin cancer-related judgments were searched by The Supreme Court of Korea’s Written Judgment Management System based on the keywords for skin cancer. The search system included sentenced cases at the Lower Courts, the Appellate Courts, and the Supreme Court from 1997 to 2017 Results: Seven cases were selected as the litigation cases related to skin cancer. Four cases (57.1%) presented malignant melanoma, while the rest presented squamous cell carcinoma, metastatic skin cancer, and peripheral T cell lymphoma (1 case in each). Four cases resulted in death from cancer metastasis, and 3 cases presented as sequelae. The legal issues related to the medical disputes could be categorized as follows: misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, performance error, and lack of informed consent. Delayed diagnosis and lack of informed consent were the most common issues (n=4) in the precedents. Five cases (71.4%) were sentenced the awarded amounts to the plaintiff, including 2 cases of settlement decision. The average awarded amount was 42,553,644±27,567,455 Korean Won. Conclusion: Physicians should pay attention to the cases of the skin cancer to prevent medical malpractice and disputes.

LT, Others : PE-128 ; Clinical characteristics of toxocariasis with hepatic involvement

( So Yeon Yun ),( Jung Nam Cho ),( Tae Won Kim ),( Kyung Ho Ha ),( Byung Seok Kim ),( Chang Hyeong Lee ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-

Background/Aim: Toxocariasis is an infection in the human host caused by Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) or Toxocara cati (cat roundworm), and occurs more frequently in children. Clinical manifestations range from no symptoms to eosinophilia or lung, hepatic, ocular or neurological involvement. Most infections in adults are asymtomatic. Toxocariasis rarely causes hepatic lesion. We investigated clinical characteristics in toxocariasis with hepatic involvement. Methods: From January 2008 to March 2012, seventeen toxocariasis patients with hepatic involvement were enrolled in this study. Clinical features, dietary habits, contact with pets, occupational history, allergic disease, peripheral eosinophil count, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) were evaluated. Hepatic involvement was diagnosed by abdominal computed tomography (CT). All patients were diagnosed as toxocariasis by serological method (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) and received albendazole (10 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. After treatment with albendazole, follow-up was conducted with abdominal CT, serum eosinophil and IgE. Results: The mean age was 48.7±10.9 years (34-74) and 12 (70.6%) patients were men. Five (29.4%) of 17 patients had abdominal pain, one had cough, and the others (64.7%) had no symptoms. 9 (52.9%) patients had a recent history of eating raw meat. Initial laboratory findings revealed increased eosinophil and IgE levels in most patients. The initial CT showed one or multiple hypodense lesions in the liver. Ultrasonography- guided liver biopsy was performed on 7 (41.2%) patients and it revealed eosinophilic infiltrations. After 1 month of albendazole treatment, eosinophil counts were normalized or had decreased in 15 (88.2%) patients. On follow-up CT, hepatic lesions disappeared within 6 months after therapy in 82.4% of patients. Conclusions: With dietary habits of consuming raw meat in Korea, the occurrence of overt toxocariasis in adults is increasing. Careful history taking and early serologic testing may increase diagnostic yield in patients with hepatic lesion and peripheral eosinophilia.

HCV, Alcoholic : PE-085 ; Efficacy of combination therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin for genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C

( So Yeon Yun ),( Jung Nam Cho ),( Tae Won Kim ),( Kyung Ho Ha ),( Byung Seok Kim ),( Chang Hyeong Lee ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-

Background/Aim: The addition of a protease inhibitor (boceprevir or telaprevir) to peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy is accepted as the optimal treatment for genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients in recently updated guideline. However, protease inhibitors for CHC treatment are not yet available in Korea. The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy of peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy and baseline predictor of sustained virological response (SVR) to treatment in CHC patients, especially genotype 1. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with CHC from March 2005 to February 2012. A total of 138 patients, who were treated with peginterferon and ribavirin combination and followed up for at least 6 months after cessation of treatment, were included in this study. Predictive factors of SVR to treatment were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 49.0±11.1 years and 82 (59.4 %) patients were men. The overall SVR rate was 87.0% (120/138). SVR rates were 80.9% (55/68) in genotype 1 and 92.9% (65/70) in genotype non-1. In genotype 1 group, SVR rate was significantly lower in the elderly patients (≥60 years) than non-elderly patients (50.0% vs. 85.0%, p=0.038) and SVR rate was significantly lower in the women than men (65.2% vs. 88.9%, p=0.026). However, in genotype 1 group, there were no significant differences on SVR rates according to baseline HCV RNA level, cirrhosis, hepatic steatosis. In multivariate analysis, no baseline factor was found to be significantly associated with SVR in genotype 1 CHC patients. Conclusions: Although the addition of a protease inhibitor to peginterferon and ribavirin could become the optimal treatment for genotype 1 CHC, protease inhibitors for CHC treatment are not yet available in Korea. Our data suggest that the combination therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin may be sufficiently effective in Korean patients with genotype 1 CHC.

Study on the Characteristics of Fashion Leaders in College Clubs` Fashion Networks

So Jung Yun,Hye In Jung,Ho Jung Choo,So Won Jeong 한국복식학회 2014 International journal of costume and fashion Vol.14 No.1

Fashion leadership is divided into visual influence, linguistic influence, and dual leadership. We refer to people exercising such influential power as fashion innovators, fashion opinion leaders, and fashion double leaders, respectively. Scholars and marketers have raised continuous questions on this issue: who are these fashion leaders and what characteristics do they have? In this study, social network analysis is applied to grasp the existence of three types of fashion leaders in college clubs, examine their positions in fashion process networks and investigate their individual and social characteristics. For this study, three college clubs were recruited through convenience sampling and surveyed online. Peer nomination questions for structuring fashion process networks and self-evaluation questions for measuring personal characteristics are included. Two fashion networks, an opinion leadership network and an innovativeness network, embrace four to six leaders and illustrate similar structure patterns in the three groups, which indicates that dual leaders enjoyed the lion’s share in college clubs. The number of fashion innovators tends to be fewer compared to that of fashion opinion leaders, and we infer that peer relationship appears to intervene with fashion opinion leadership. Other personal characteristics supporting results from previous studies are also confirmed in this study.

The Stimulatory Effect of Essential Fatty Acids on Glucose Uptake Involves Both Akt and AMPK Activation in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells

So Yeon Park,Min Hye Kim,Joung Hoon Ahn,Su Jin Lee,Jong Ho Lee,Won Sik Eum,Soo Young Choi,Hyeok Yil Kwon 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.3

Essential fatty acid (EFA) is known to be required for the body to function normally and healthily. However, the effect of EFA on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we examined the effect of two EFAs, linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA), on glucose uptake of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and investigated the mechanism underlying the stimulatory effect of polyunsaturated EFAs in comparison with monounsaturated oleic acid (OA). In palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin resistant cells, the co-treatment of EFAs and OA with PA almost restored the PA-induced decrease in the basal and insulin-stimulated 2-NBDG (fluorescent D-glucose analogue) uptake, respectively. Two EFAs and OA significantly protected PA-induced suppression of insulin signaling, respectively, which was confirmed by the increased levels of Akt phosphorylation and serine/threonine kinases (PKCθ and JNK) dephosphorylation in the western blot analysis. In PA-untreated, control cells, the treatment of 500 μM EFA significantly stimulated 2-NBDG uptake, whereas OA did not. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and one of its downstream molecules, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) was markedly induced by EFA, but not OA. In addition, EFA-stimulated 2-NBDG uptake was significantly inhibited by the pre-treatment of a specific AMPK inhibitor, adenine 9-β-D-arabinofuranoside (araA). These data suggest that the restoration of suppressed insulin signaling at PA-induced insulin resistant condition and AMPK activation are involved at least in the stimulatory effect of EFA on glucose uptake in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.

Hybrid Scaling Based Dynamic Time Warping for Detection of Low-rate TCP Attacks

Won-Ho So(소원호),Kyoung-Min Yoo(유경민),Young-Chon Kim(김영천) 한국통신학회 2008 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.33 No.7B

In this paper, a Hybrid Scaling based DTW (HS-DTW) mechanism is proposed for detection of periodic shrew TCP attacks. A low-rate TCP attack which is a type of shrew DoS (Denial of Service) attacks, was reported recently, but it is difficult to detect the attack using previous flooding DoS detection mechanisms. A pattern matching method with DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) as a type of defense mechanisms was shown to be reasonable method of detecting and defending against a periodic low-rate TCP attack in an input traffic link. This method, however, has the problem that a legitimate link may be misidentified as an attack link, if the threshold of the DTW value is not reasonable. In order to effectively discriminate between attack traffic and legitimate traffic, the difference between their DTW values should be large as possible. To increase the difference, we analyze a critical problem with a previous algorithm and introduce a scaling method that increases the difference between DTW values. Four kinds of scaling methods are considered and the standard deviation of the sampling data is adopted. We can select an appropriate scaling scheme according to the standard deviation of an input signal. This is why the HS-DTW increases the difference between DTW values of legitimate and attack traffic. The result is that the determination of the threshold value for discrimination is easier and the probability of mistaking legitimate traffic for an attack is dramatically reduced.