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Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Infants and Toddlers, Seoul, South Korea
Sim JiWoo,Son Euncheol,Choe Young June 대한소아감염학회 2024 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.31 No.1
Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a significant burden to infant and toddler’s care globally, while the disease severity is generally mild in this age group. In this study, we aimed to assess epidemiological and clinical aspects of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers in Seoul, South Korea. Methods: We used Seoul Metropolitan Government’s epidemiological investigation database to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers, between March 2020 to December 2021. Results: A total of 5,025 infants and toddlers aged <5 years was diagnosed between the observed period. 2,720 (54.1%) had symptoms, and fever was the most common symptom in 1,941 (74.1%). Of the diagnosed cases, 96.4% did not have underlying diseases. In a district level, extended opening of childcare facility was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers. Conclusions: An efficient monitoring system, resembling routine clinical care, is crucial, considering the low rates of severe progression and fatality among infants and toddlers. Moreover, a well-grounded intervention based on scientific evidence, rather than unconditional closures, is necessary to establish a suitable childcare policy that ensures safety from infectious diseases while not overlooking the developmental aspects of social skills.
Endan Li,Jiwoo Choi,Hye-Ri Sim,Jiyeon Kim,Jae Hyun Jun,Jangbeen Kyung,Nina Ha,Keun Ho Ryu,Seung Soo Chung,Hyun Sook Kim,Semi Kim,Sungsu Lee,Wongi Seol,송지환 생화학분자생물학회 2023 BMB Reports Vol.56 No.3
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, ofwhich pathogenesis is caused by a polyglutamine expansion inthe amino-terminus of huntingtin gene that resulted in the aggregationof mutant HTT proteins. HD is characterized by progressivemotor dysfunction, cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatricdisturbances. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), amicrotubule-associated deacetylase, has been shown to inducetransport- and release-defect phenotypes in HD models, whilsttreatment with HDAC6 inhibitors ameliorates the phenotypiceffects of HD by increasing the levels of α-tubulin acetylation,as well as decreasing the accumulation of mutant huntingtin(mHTT) aggregates, suggesting HDAC6 inhibitor as a HD therapeutics. In this study, we employed in vitro neural stem cell(NSC) model and in vivo YAC128 transgenic (TG) mouse modelof HD to test the effect of a novel HDAC6 selective inhibitor,CKD-504, developed by Chong Kun Dang (CKD PharmaceuticalCorp., Korea). We found that treatment of CKD-504 increasedtubulin acetylation, microtubule stabilization, axonaltransport, and the decrease of mutant huntingtin protein invitro. From in vivo study, we observed CKD-504 improved thepathology of Huntington’s disease: alleviated behavioral deficits,increased axonal transport and number of neurons, restoredsynaptic function in corticostriatal (CS) circuit, reduced mHTTaccumulation, inflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation inYAC128 TG mouse model. These novel results highlight CKD-504as a potential therapeutic strategy in HD.
Low-complexity generalized residual prediction for SHVC
Kim, Kyeonghye,Jiwoo, Ryu,Donggyu, Sim The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2013 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.2 No.6
This paper proposes a simplified generalized residual prediction (GRP) that reduces the computational complexity of spatial scalability in scalable high efficiency video coding (SHVC). GRP is a coding tool to improve the inter prediction by adding a residual signal to the inter predictor. The residual signal was created by carrying out motion compensation (MC) of both the enhancement layer (EL) and up-sampled reference layer (RL) with the motion vector (MV) of the EL. In the MC process, interpolation of the EL and the up-sampled RL are required when the MV of the EL has sub-pel accuracy. Because the up-sampled RL has few high frequency components, interpolation of the up-sampled RL does not give significantly new information. Therefore, the proposed method reduces the computational complexity of the GRP by skipping the interpolation of the up-sampled RL. The experiment on SHVC software (SHM-2.0) showed that the proposed method reduces the decoding time by 10 % compared to conventional GRP. The BD-rate loss of the proposed method was as low as 1.0% on the top of SHM-2.0.
Optimized Implementation of Interpolation Filters for HEVC Encoder
Taejin Hwang,Yongjo Ahn,Jiwoo Ryu,Donggyu Sim 대한전자공학회 2013 전자공학회논문지 Vol.50 No.10
In this paper, a fast algorithm of discrete cosine transform-based interpolation filter (DCT-IF) for HEVC (high efficiency video coding) encoder is proposed. DCT-IF filter accounts for around 30% of encoder complexity, according to the computational complexity analysis with the HEVC reference software. In this work, the proposed DCT-IF is optimized by applying frame-level interpolation, SIMD optimization, and task-level parallelization via OpenMP on a developed C-based HEVC encoder. Performance analysis is conducted by measuring speed-up factor of the proposed optimization technique on the developed encoder. The results show that speed-up factors by frame-level interpolation, SIMD, and OpenMP are approximately 38-46, 3.6-4.4, and 3.0-3.7, respectively. In the end, we achieved the speed-up factor of 498.4 with the proposed fast algorithm.
김유성,Hye Su Min,Jiwoo Shin,남지혜,Geonwoo Kang,Jeeho Sim,양휘석,정형일 한국생체재료학회 2022 생체재료학회지 Vol.26 No.4
Background: Dissolving microneedle (DMN) is a transdermal drug delivery system that creates pore in the skin and directly deliver drug through the pore channel. DMN is considered as one of the promising system alternatives to injection because it is minimally invasive and free from needle-related issues. However, traditional DMN patch system has limitations of incomplete insertion and need of complex external devices. Here, we designed film-trigger applicator (FTA) system that successfully delivered DMN inside the skin layers using fracture energy of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) film via micropillars. We highlighted advantages of FTA system in DMN delivery compared with DMN patch, including that the film itself can act as DMN applicator. Methods: FTA system consists of DMNs fabricated on the CMC film, DMN array holder having holes aligned to DMN array, and micropillars prepared using general purpose polystyrene. We analyzed punching force on the film by micropillars until the film puncture point at different CMC film concentrations and micropillar diameters. We also compared drug delivery efficiency using rhodamine B fluorescence diffusion and skin penetration using optical coherence tomography (OCT) of FTA with those of conventional DMN patch. In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate DMN delivery efficiency using C57BL/6 mice and insulin as a model drug. Results: FTA system showed enhanced delivery efficiency compared with that of the existing DMN patch system. We concluded CMC film as a successful DMN applicator as it showed enhanced DMN penetration in OCT and rhodamine B diffusion studies. Further, we applied FTA on shaved mouse dorsal skin and observed successful skin penetration. The FTA group showed higher level of plasma insulin in vivo than that of the DMN patch group. Conclusions: FTA system consisting of simple polymer film and micropillars showed enhanced DMN delivery than that of the existing DMN patch system. Because FTA works with simple finger force without sticky patch and external devices, FTA is a novel and promising platform to overcome the limitations of conventional microneedle patch delivery system; we suggest FTA as a next generation applicator for microneedle application in the future.