A Vitis vinifera xanthine dehydrogenase gene, VvXDH, enhances salinity tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis

Shuang-Hong You,Bo Zhu,Feibing Wang,Hong-Juan Han,Miao Sun,Hengweng Zhu,Ri-he Peng,Quan-Hong Yao 한국식물생명공학회 2017 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.11 No.3

Xanthine dehydrogenase (EC1.1.1.204; XDH) plays an important role in purine catabolism that catalyzes the oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid. Long attributed to its role in recycling and remobilization of nitrogen, recently, XDH is implicated in plant stress responses and acclimation, such research efforts, however, have thus far been restricted to Arabidopsis XDH-knockdown/knockout studies. This study, using an ectopic overexpression approach, is expected to provide novel findings. In this study, a XDH gene from Vitis vinifera, named VvXDH, was synthesized and overexpressed in Arabidopsis, the transgenic Arabidopsis showed enhanced salt tolerance. The VvXDH gene was investigated and the results demonstrated the explicit role of VvXDH in conferring salt stress by increasing allantoin accumulation and activating ABA signaling pathway, enhancing ROS scavenging in transgenic Arabidopsis. In addition, the water loss and chlorophyll content loss were reduced in transgenic plants; the transgenic plants showed higher proline level and lower MDA content than that of wild-type Arabidopsis, respectively. In conclusion, the VvXDH gene has the potential to be applied in increasing allantoin accumulation and enhancing the tolerance to abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis and other plants.

Effect of Interface on Mechanical Properties and Stamping Formability of Ti/Al Multilayered Composites

Miao Cao,Hui‑Qin Chen,Kun‐Kun Deng,Xing‑Wang Duan,Shuang Liu,Xin Che,Fei Li 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.5

Ti/Al multilayered composites (LMCs) with 3-layers, 5-layers and 7-layers were prepared by hot‐pressing and hot‐rolling. Theeffects of the interface on the mechanical properties and stamping formability of LMCs were revealed. The results indicatethat the TiAl3phases at the interface thicken gradually with the increase of layers. As the layers of LMCs increases, boththe grain size and the basal texture strength of Ti decrease, and Ti possesses a higher Schmid factors (SF) and more uniformSF distribution, which promotes the overall coordinated deformation of LMCs. The elongation (EL) of LMCs graduallyincreases at the expense of the strength with the increase of layers. The stress–strain transfer across the interface, the releaseof residual stress through interfacial microcracks, and the improvement of the interfacial metallurgical bonding strengthare all conducive to the coordinated deformation between Ti and Al layers, thus the strength of LMCs decreases and theEL enhances. Both the yield strength ratio (σs/σb) and plastic strain ratio (r) decrease, while the strain-hardening exponent(n) increases with the increase of layers of LMCs, which are beneficial to improve the stamping formability of LMCs. Thenumber of interface increases with the increase of layers, which hinders crack propagation. Moreover, the microcracks areeasily induced by the brittle TiAl3phase at the interface, and the main cracks deflect obviously and release part energy inthe form of secondary microcracks, thus delaying the failure of LMCs and improving their stamping formability.

Comparative Study of Camel Milk from Different Areas of Xinjiang Province in China

Jing Miao,Shuang Xiao,Jun Wang 한국축산식품학회 2023 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.43 No.4

Xinjiang province is the main camel feeding area in China with a large square, and camel milk from different areas have different qualities. By now, there are few reports about the quality of camel milk from different areas of Xinjiang province in China. In this study, seven batches of camel milk and one batch of cow milk were collected, and the contents of fat, protein, lactose, total solid, and nonfat milk solid of these milk samples were determined, as well as the contents of lysozyme and vitamin C. All samples were scored and compared by principal component analysis score and comprehensive weighted multi-index score. As the results, camel milk from different areas showed different contents of fat (4.62%–7.02%), protein (3.34%–3.95%), lactose (3.85%–4.79%), total solid (13.59%–17.00%), nonfat milk solid (8.55%–9.73%), vitamin C (12.10–41.25 μg/mL), and lysozyme (8.70–22.80 μg/mL), as well as different qualities. This variation would help people to know more about quanlity of camel milk in Xinjiang province. Camel milk from Jeminay showed the best quality, and then followed by camel milk from Fukang, Changji, and Fuhai, while cow milk showed the lowest score. Therefore, Jeminay is the most suitable place for grazing camels. Our findings show the different qualities of camel milk in different distribution areas of Xinjiang province, and provide an insight for the evaluation of camel milk. In the present study, only seven components in camel milk were determined, many other factors, such as cfu, mineral, and other vitamins, have not been considered.

Influence of non-Gaussian characteristics of wind load on fatigue damage of wind turbine

Ying Zhu,Miao Shuang 한국풍공학회 2020 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.31 No.3

Based on translation models, both Gaussian and non-Gaussian wind fields are generated using spectral representation method for investigating the influence of non-Gaussian characteristics and directivity effect of wind load on fatigue damage of wind turbine. Using the blade aerodynamic model and multi-body dynamics, dynamic responses are calculated. Using linear damage accumulation theory and linear crack propagation theory, crack initiation life and crack propagation life are discussed with consideration of the joint probability density distribution of the wind direction and mean wind speed in detail. The result shows that non-Gaussian characteristics of wind load have less influence on fatigue life of wind turbine in the area with smaller annual mean wind speeds. Whereas, the influence becomes significant with the increase of the annual mean wind speed. When the annual mean wind speeds are 7 m/s and 9 m/s at hub height of 90 m, the crack initiation lives under softening non-Gaussian wind decrease by 10% compared with Gaussian wind fields or at higher hub height. The study indicates that the consideration of the influence of softening non-Gaussian characteristics of wind inflows can significantly decrease the fatigue life, and, if neglected, it can result in non-conservative fatigue life estimates for the areas with higher annual mean wind speeds.

Initial Report on the Oriented-precipitation of T1-Phase in Creep-Aged Al-Cu-Li Single Crystal

Wei Hu,Jiqiang Chen,Shuang Han,Jinjun Xu,Jiale Miao,Ting Xing,Renguo Guan 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.5

In this work, the precipitation behavior of the T1-phase on each {111}Al habit plane was characterized by transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM), which was observed along two < 110 > Al zone axes in an Al-Cu-Li single crystal during creepaging. The results indicate that the oriented-precipitation of T1-phase in the Al-Cu-Li single crystal was originally determinedduring creep aging. The number densities of the T1-phase on the habit planes of (111)Al and (1−11)Al is noticeablyhigher than those of the T1-phase on the habit planes of (−111)Al and (11−1)Al in the same Al-Cu-Li single crystal when theexternal stress is loaded along the direction close to [111]Al orientation. It implies that the T1-phase tends to preferentiallyprecipitate on the habit planes that are perpendicular to the loading direction during creep aging. This work provides theinitial experimental evidence of the oriented-precipitation of the T1-phase in Al-Cu-Li alloy, and proposes the possibilityof regulating the precipitation distribution of the T1-phase.

Fitting the constitution type Ia supernova data with the redshift-binned parametrization method

Huang, Qing-Guo,Li, Miao,Li, Xiao-Dong,Wang, Shuang American Physical Society 2009 PHYSICAL REVIEW D - Vol.80 No.8

Ultrasonic-Microwave Synergistic Synthesis of RGO–Bi2WO6 Photocatalyst with High Photoactivity for Basic Nitrogen Compounds in Light Oil

Ying Chen,Shenglun Ji,Tengfei Qiao,Shuang Miao,Yu Zhao 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.5

Graphene–Bi2WO6 composite photocatalyst with excellent photocatalytic properties were synthetized by ultrasonic-microwave synergistic method. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, specific surface area analyzer (BET) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The photocatalytic activities of as-prepared samples were evaluated by degradation of pyridine in light oil under visible light irradiation. The results show that graphene changed appearance structure of Bi2WO6, which prevented the Bi2WO6 nanosheets reunion arrangement, and increased specific surface area of the catalyst. It can also reduce the recombination probability of photogenerated carrier, so as to improve the photocatalytic activity of the composite catalyst. The optimal amount of graphene is 2%, with the denitrification rate as high as 89.28%, much higher than that of pure Bi2WO6.

Effect of Temperature and Revolution on the Microstructure, Texture and Microhardness of the AZ80 Alloy Cup Prepared by Rotating Backward Extrusion

Xin Che,Qiang Wang,Xingwang Duan,Min Wang,Linfeng He,Miao Cao,Shuang Liu,Guanshi Zhang,Zhimin Zhang 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.11

Microstructure evolution, phase development and mechanical property of AZ80 alloy cup with various processing temperatures(573 K, 613 K, 653 K) and rotating revolutions (N = 0, 5, 50, 100) during rotating backward extrusion (RBE)were explored. The study founded that reducing deformation temperature or increasing revolution could promote the grainrefinement and DRX proportion. And the sample deformed at the condition of 573 K and N = 100 exhibited the best grainrefinement effect (grain size was 2.5 μm, DRX ratio was up to 99.01%). The bulk eutectic phase existed at all deformationtemperatures, while the dynamic precipitation was only precipitated at temperature of 573 K and 613 K. Increasing thedeformation temperature or revolution could reduce the proportion of the second phase. And an increase in revolution or areduction of temperature would reduce the average size of second phase, due to the phase could be broken by large strainand resolved with elevated temperature. Moreover, increasing the revolution and deformation temperature could promotethe texture weakening, which would be contributed to the occurrence of new recrystallization grains with random orientationand the activation of non-basal slip system. The mechanical property of microhardness was significantly improved withrotating revolution increasing and deformation temperature decreasing. Supported by the grain refinement and dispersionstrengthening, the sample deformed at condition of 573 K and N = 100 achieved maximum hardness values of 96.3 HV.

ATM Signaling Pathway Is Implicated in the SMYD3-mediated Proliferation and Migration of Gastric Cancer Cells

Lei Wang,Qiu-Tong Wang,Yu-Peng Liu,Qing-Qing Dong,Hai-Jie Hu,Zhi Miao,Shuang Li,Yong Liu,Hao Zhou,Tong-Cun Zhang,Wen-Jian Ma,Xuegang Luo 대한위암학회 2017 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.17 No.4

Purpose: We previously found that the histone methyltransferase suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste, trithorax and myeloid-nervy-deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3) is a potential independent predictive factor or prognostic factor for overall survival in gastric cancer patients, but its roles seem to differ from those in other cancers. Therefore, in this study, the detailed functions of SMYD3 in cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer were examined. Materials and Methods: SMYD3 was overexpressed or suppressed by transfection with an expression plasmid or siRNA, and a wound healing migration assay and Transwell assay were performed to detect the migration and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells. Additionally, an MTT assay and clonogenic assay were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, and a cell cycle analysis was performed by propidium iodide staining. Furthermore, the expression of genes implicated in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) pathway and proteins involved in cell cycle regulation were detected by polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Results: Compared with control cells, gastric cancer cells transfected with si-SMYD3 showed lower migration and invasion abilities (P<0.05), and the absence of SMYD3 halted cells in G2/M phase and activated the ATM pathway. Furthermore, the opposite patterns were observed when SMYD3 was elevated in normal gastric cells. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that the absence of SMYD3 could inhibit the migration, invasion, and proliferation of gastric cancer cells and halt cells in G2/M phase via the ATM-CHK2/p53-Cdc25C pathway. These findings indicated that SMYD3 plays crucial roles in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells and may be a useful therapeutic target in human gastric carcinomas.

ATM Signaling Pathway Is Implicated in the SMYD3-mediated Proliferation and Migration of Gastric Cancer Cells

Wang, Lei,Wang, Qiu-Tong,Liu, Yu-Peng,Dong, Qing-Qing,Hu, Hai-Jie,Miao, Zhi,Li, Shuang,Liu, Yong,Zhou, Hao,Zhang, Tong-Cun,Ma, Wen-Jian,Luo, Xue-Gang The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2017 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.17 No.4

Purpose: We previously found that the histone methyltransferase suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste, trithorax and myeloid-nervy-deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3) is a potential independent predictive factor or prognostic factor for overall survival in gastric cancer patients, but its roles seem to differ from those in other cancers. Therefore, in this study, the detailed functions of SMYD3 in cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer were examined. Materials and Methods: SMYD3 was overexpressed or suppressed by transfection with an expression plasmid or siRNA, and a wound healing migration assay and Transwell assay were performed to detect the migration and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells. Additionally, an MTT assay and clonogenic assay were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, and a cell cycle analysis was performed by propidium iodide staining. Furthermore, the expression of genes implicated in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) pathway and proteins involved in cell cycle regulation were detected by polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Results: Compared with control cells, gastric cancer cells transfected with si-SMYD3 showed lower migration and invasion abilities (P<0.05), and the absence of SMYD3 halted cells in G2/M phase and activated the ATM pathway. Furthermore, the opposite patterns were observed when SMYD3 was elevated in normal gastric cells. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that the absence of SMYD3 could inhibit the migration, invasion, and proliferation of gastric cancer cells and halt cells in G2/M phase via the ATM-CHK2/p53-Cdc25C pathway. These findings indicated that SMYD3 plays crucial roles in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells and may be a useful therapeutic target in human gastric carcinomas.