Stereo-digital image correlation in the behavior investigation of CFRP-steel composite members

Xiao-Yuan He,Yun-Tong Dai,Hai-Tao Wang,Tian-Yuan Ge,Gang Wu,Jian-Xiao Wan,Shuang-Yin Cao,Fu-Jun Yang 국제구조공학회 2017 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.23 No.6

The application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) in steel structures primarily includes two categories, i.e., the bond-critical application and the contact-critical application. Debonding failure and buckling failure are the main failure modes for these two applications. Conventional electrometric techniques may not provide precise results because of the limitations associated with single-point contact measurements. A nondestructive full-field measurement technique is a valuable alternative to conventional methods. In this study, the digital image correlation (DIC) technique was adopted to investigate the bond behavior and buckling behavior of CFRP-steel composite members. The CFRP-to-steel bonded joint and the CFRPstrengthened square hollow section (SHS) steel column were tested to verify the suitability of the DIC technique. The stereo- DIC technique was utilized to measure continuous deformation. The bond-slip relationship of the CFRP-to-steel interface was derived using the DIC data. Additionally, a multi-camera DIC system consisting of four stereo-DIC subsystems was proposed and applied to the compressive test of CFRP-strengthened SHS steel column. The precise buckling location and CFRP delamination of the CFRP-strengthened SHS steel column were identified. The experimental results confirm that the stereo-DIC technique can provide effective measurements for investigating the behaviors of CFRP-steel composite members.

Low Counts of γδ T Cells in Peritumoral Liver Tissue are Related to More Frequent Recurrence in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Resection

Cai, Xiao-Yan,Wang, Jia-Xing,Yi, Yong,He, Hong-Wei,Ni, Xiao-Chun,Zhou, Jian,Cheng, Yun-Feng,Jin, Jian-Jun,Fan, Jia,Qiu, Shuang-Jian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Objectives: TCR-gamma-delta+T cells (${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells) are non-conventional T lymphocytes that can recognize and eradicate tumor cells. Our previous studies showed that infiltration and function of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells were substantially attenuated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, their prognostic value was not clarified. Methods: The association between ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells and the clinical outcomes was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a HCC patient cohort (n = 342). Results:Immunohistochemistry showed decreased infiltration of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in tumoral tissues compared with paired peritumoral tissues. The counts of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in peritumoral tissues were negatively correlated with tumor size (P = 0.005). Survival analysis showed that the levels of peritumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$T cells were related to both time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.010 and P = 0.036, respectively) in univariate analysis, and related to TTR in multivariate analysis (P = 0.014, H.R. [95% CI] = 0.682 [0.502-0.927]). Furthermore, the level of peritumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells showed independent prognostic value for TTR in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A patients (P = 0.038, H.R. [95% CI] = 0.727 [0.537-0.984]). However, tumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells did not show independent prognostic value for either TTR or OS in HCC patients. Conclusions: Low counts of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in peritumoral liver tissue are related to a higher incidence of recurrence in HCC and can predict postoperative recurrence, especially in those with early-stage HCC.

코로나 19(COVID-19) 이후 여성의 눈썹 화장 인식도 변화 분석

장소쌍(Xiao-Shuang Zhang),최민령(Min-Lyoung Choi) 한국인체미용예술학회 2021 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.22 No.1

In this study, the change in perception of eyebrow makeup among women in their twenties, who are currently required to wear a mask in public due to COVID-19, was analyzed by examining the influence of facial recognition among them through a contactless survey and statistical analysis. The findings of this study are as follows: The lack of knowledge of their personal eyebrow type made most subjects experience difficulties when applying their eyebrow makeup, despite their perception that an eyebrow shape, which suits their face shape, is important. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the predominant recognition has moved away from standard eyebrow types toward a straight eyebrow shape. Women in their twenties saw a change in the preference from standard eyebrow type to straight eyebrow shape, which expresses a natural image. Regarding the recognition of image by eyebrow shape, eyebrow makeup was adjusted and enhanced facial images, but the criteria for appraising images by eyebrow type varied by researcher. Eyebrows had a great effect on women’s appearance and image. Women, who recognize the importance of eyebrows, tend to wear eyebrow makeup, but they find it difficult to apply it correctly at home. They are accustomed to linear shapes, such as straight and angled, while they are not familiar with curved shapes that are prevalant with raised eyebrows, such as standard type and arched type.

Serum Amyloid A is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Ni, Xiao-Chun,Yi, Yong,Fu, Yi-Peng,He, Hong-Wei,Cai, Xiao-Yan,Wang, Jia-Xing,Zhou, Jian,Fan, Jia,Qiu, Shuang-Jian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.24

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of serum amyloid A (SAA) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing surgery. Materials and Methods: Preoperative serum samples of 328 patients with HCC who underwent curative resection and of 47 patients with benign liver lesion were assayed. Serum levels of SAA were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its correlations with clinicopathological characteristics and survival were explored. Results: Levels of SAA were significantly higher in patients with HCC than those with benign liver lesion. There were strong correlations between preoperative serum SAA level and tumor size and more advanced BCLC stage. On univariate analysis, elevated SAA was associated with reduced disease-free survival and overall survival (p=0.001 and 0.03, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed that serum SAA level was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio 2.80, p=0.01). Conclusions: High SAA serum level is a novel biomarker for the prognosis of HCC patients.

애니메이션에 나타난 지역별 사후세계 캐릭터 색채특성 연구

장샤오솽(Zhang Xiao-Shuang),최동혁(Choi Dong-Hyuk) 한국만화애니메이션학회 2021 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.63

애니메이션은 독특한 형식의 예술표현이다. 많은 예술 종류 중 하나의 중요한 부류로서, 예술은 삶에서 비롯되며, 또한 삶보다 높다. 한 국가의 애니메이션 예술 양식은 특정한 역사적 시기에 특정한 지역 문화를 기초로 하여 발전하고 창작된다. 문화 산업이 애니메이션, 게임 산업 업계에서 그 위상이 급성장하면서 어떻게 하면 애니메이션의 창작 수준과 창작자들의 수준을 끌어올릴 수 있는지의 문제는 현재 당면한 중요한 연구과제이다. 오리지널 애니메이션의 발전과 애니메이션 속 민족 문화의 반영은 뜨거운 주제이지만, 죽음 문화의 차이점에서 본다면 애니메이션 시스템상의 캐릭터 색채 디자인과 심도 있는 연구는 비교적 적다. 애니메이션 캐릭터 디자인은 착작 과정 중에 중요한 부분이면서 어려운 부분이기도 하다. 본문은 각 지역 문화 차이가 애니메이션 캐릭터의 디자인과 효과에 미친 영향을 중심으로 애니메이션 창작자의 기대를 논증한다. 현지 문화 특징을 디자인했을 뿐만 아니라 현대 애니메이션 캐릭터의 영감과 참고가 된다. 이 글은 애니메이션에 나타나는 지역별 사후세계 캐릭터의 색채특성에 관한 연구를 주제로 하여 지역 죽음 문화가 애니메이션 캐릭터 디자인의 색채 사용에 미치는 영향을 중점적으로 다룬다. 각 나라, 민족, 지역에 따라 반드시 그들의 풍습과 생활습관의 특징이 존재한다. 동시에 이러한 지역 문화 습관은 민족을 식별하는 중요한 지표이다. 그러나 각국의 고유한 문화, 전통과 철학, 종교 등의 요소 때문에 생사관에는 여전히 뚜렷한 차이가 있다. 이 점을 면밀히 분석하고 연구하고 참조할 만하다. 논문은 지역 문화의 차이와 캐릭터 디자인과 분류의 기본 개념을 비교하여 연구한다. 종교 신화와 축제의 변천을 간략하게 서술하고, 죽음의 표현과 의미를 분석하며, 문화적 차이가 애니메이션 캐릭터 디자인에 미치는 영향과 가치에 주목한다. 또한, 지역 문화와 색채표현의 관계를 분석해 자연환경과 인문환경 두 분야가 애니메이션 디자인 중에 나타난 결과를 포괄적으로 정리한다. 지역문화는 애니메이션 캐릭터 디자인 과정 중 다양한 분야의 지역 문화 요소를 융합하며, 이러한 문화의 전승을 위해 색채 표현력과 독창성을 강화할 필요가 있다. Animation is a unique form of artistic expression and an important branch of many artistic categories. Art comes from life, but represents it dramatically. The animation style of a country is based on the development of regional culture in a specific period of history. The unique features in the regional culture distinguishing one place from the others. It is a characteristic of the specific local environment giving expression to the living habits formed through the long-term development by some settled groups of people in a certain region and the first impression of the place. The importance of culture has been rapidly developed in the animation and game industries. Animation creators face an important research topic: How to improve the level of animation creation. There is a heated discussion in the development of original animation issues and the reflection of national culture in animation. But when it comes to death culture differences, there is less deep researches on the color design in animated characters. Animated character design is the key and difficult point of animation creation. This thesis analyzes the animated character design with the influence of regional cultural differences and demonstrates the expectations of animation creators containing the local cultural characteristic in line with the inspiration and reference of contemporary animation characters. Themed by Research on the Color Characteristics of the Characters After Death in Various Regions around the World Appearing in Animation, this paper focuses on the influence of the regional death culture on the use of colors in the design of animated characters. The cultures of various regions are showing an ever-increasing trend of internationalization. Through sharing and cooperation, they seek for a combination through mutual understanding to achieve further development. However, due to the inherent cultural, traditional, philosophical, and religious backgrounds of various countries, there are still significant differences in the concept of life and death. This is worthy of careful analysis, research and making references. The thesis is researched by comparing regional cultural differences and the basic concepts on animation character design and classification. It briefly describes the changes in religious myths and celebrations, analyzes the performance and meaning of death, and focuses on the impact and value of cultural differences in the design of animated characters. Then it analyzes the relationship between regional culture and color performance, and summarizes performance of natural and human environment in animation design. Regional cultural elements from various fields are integrated in the design of animated. It is necessary to strengthen color expression and originality for cultural handing down.

중국 화장품 브랜드 2010-2015년도에 나타난 F/W 메이크업 트렌드 분석

장소쌍(Zhang, Xiao Shuang),김혜균(Kim,Hye Kyun) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2016 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.16 No.3

경제의 발전과 더불어 생활수준이 높아지고 미디어 기술의 개발과 더불어 화장품 브랜드 시장에 대한 관심과 미적 추구는 나날이 증가하는 추세이다. 즉 가치관과 정보의 변화로 색조화장에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 현재 경쟁이 치열한 색조 화장품 시장에서 단순히 제품판매뿐만 아니라 트렌드에 따라 판매하는 방식이 주목을 받고 있으므로 기업들의 입장에서 메이크업 트렌드를 분석하는 것은 소비자들의 기호를 잘 파악할 수 있고 이와 관련한 제품을 만드는 데로 중요한 요소가 된다. 본 연구에서는 2010-2015년까지 6년동안 중국 화장품 브랜드 메이크업 트렌드를 알아보기 위해서 중국 색조화장품 브랜드 카즈란(CARSLAN), 쵸디상훠이(QDSHU), 마리따이쟈(MARIE DALGAR) 3개의 브랜드를 선정하였다. 이 선정한 3개 브랜드들이 시즌별 메이크업 이미지에서 나타난 makeup concept 특성, 아이메이크업, 입술 메이크업 표현기법으로 나누어 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 2010-2015년까지 F/W에 나타난 중국 카즈란, 쵸디상훠이, 마리따이쟈 브랜드의 피부 질감 표현은 매끄럽고 결함 없이 보송보송한 소프트 매트피부를 많이 선호하였다. 아이라인의 형태 표현은 언더라인을 연결한 모던하고 현대적인 눈매를 많이 연출하였다. 아이 메이크업 색상을 살펴보면 브라운, 펄 모카 브라운, 펄 연한 브라운 룩 등 짙고 무거운 느낌이 있지만 펄이 들어가서 화려한 느낌이 많이 나타났다. 입술표현은 기본형태도 많이 나타났다. 입술 메이크업 색상은 누드 오렌지로 톤 다운된 입술 컬러가 주로 나타났다. 이를 통해 중국은 인위적인 미를 추구하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 현재 화장품 브랜드별 나타난 메이크업 트렌드와 자료가 많이 있지만 중국 화장품 브랜드별에서 나타난 메이크업 트렌드와 자료가 부족한데, 향후 연구가 계속 이어지고 문헌 자료를 정리하여 메이크업 트렌드 기초자료가 되고자 한다. Nowadays, with the development of the economy and people"s living standard, along with the improvement of multimedia technology, makeup is becoming more popular among people. Because of the change in values and sources of information, people lay rising considerable emphasis on the color makeup market. Therefore, an increasing number of people are pay attention to the makeup market and the pursuit of beauty. The makeup trend can be a analysis for the following necessary reasons. It is essential for manufactures to cater to the popular trends, but they must be mindful of the desired preferences from consumers. Only in this way can manufactureres make full use of their technological advantages to serve the public. Due to the recent growing influence of K-beauty, not only has it affected China, but K-beauty has made a profound impact on the Middle East; In order to demonstrate the theoretical background of this study, people can analyze makeup trends in seven selected aspects: the texture of the skin, makeup concept, the form of eyeliner, the color of eye shadow, the performance of eye make up, the color of lip, the performance of lip make up.

애니메이션 영화 〈코코(Coco)〉에서 표현된 주제곡 음악적 기능 분석

장샤오솽(Zhang xiao-shuang),샤오린(Xiao lin),최동혁(Choi dong-hyuk),이현석(Lee hyun-seok) 한국콘텐츠학회 2019 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

중국 경극의 시대별 의상 표현 비교 분석

장샤오솽(Zhang, Xiao Shuang),최동혁(Choi, Dong Hyuk) 한국색채학회 2017 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.31 No.1

A famous Peking opera Farewell My Concubine has been inherited for a long time and is still highly recognized in the public. This work represents méi lán fāng, the founder of méi group, a Chinese artists" group. This is one of the representative works that integrated the artistic value of Peking operas. It is, therefore, thought that the study on era based change of clothing colors of Peking operas helps understanding Peking opera and Chinese traditional artistic value as such change is one of the major elements of Peking opera. For this purpose, the study covers era based clothing images shown on Farewell My Concubine with the study methods: first, theoretical approach to Peking opera by preliminary study on the definition and history of Peking opera in China, significance of Farewell My Concubine and clothing culture of Peking opera; second, looking into the color tones characteristics of Peking opera clothing; third, empirical study based analysis and comparison of the two main characters" clothing by era through the color tone characteristics; and finally, conclusion and proposal based on the results of such analysis. This paper will be a key study material that helps you understand the Chinese traditional art and analyzes the factors for changes that are forecasted to come in the future by comparing and analyzing the traditional color tones of the characters" clothing in the Peking opera Farewell My Concubine by era and looking into the difference and causes of such changes.

The role of outlet temperature of flue gas in organic Rankine cycle considering low temperature corrosion

Shuang-Ying Wu,Chun Li,Lan Xiao,You-Rong Li,Chao Liu 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.12

This paper gives a special focus on the role of outlet temperature of flue gas (Tgo) in organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system for low temperatureflue gas waste heat recovery. The variations of performance indicators: net work (Wnet), exergy efficiency (ηex) and levelizedenergy cost (LEC) versus Tgo are discussed. Considering the corrosion of low temperature flue gas, the necessity and reasonability oflimiting Tgo at its minimum allowed discharge temperature (355.15 K) are analyzed. Results show that there exist optimal Tgo (Tgo,opt) forWnet and LEC, while Tgo,opt for ηex does not appear under the investigated range of Tgo. Moreover, the Tgo,opt for Wnet is always lower than355.15 K, the Tgo,opt for LEC, despite being greater than the one for Wnet, is just slightly higher than 355.15 K when the inlet temperatureof flue gas varies from 408.15 K to 463.15 K. For the waste heat recovery of low temperature flue gas, it is reasonable to fix Tgo at 355.15K if Wnet or LEC is selected as primary performance indicator under the pinch point temperature difference of evaporator (ΔTe) below 20K.

Numerical investigation on developing laminar forced convective heat transfer and entropy generation in an annular helicoidal tube

Shuang-Ying Wu,Su-Jun Chen,Lan Xiao,You-Rong Li 대한기계학회 2011 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.25 No.6

In this study, numerical investigations are conducted for forced convective heat transfer in an annular helicoidal tube under uniform wall temperature condition for laminar flow including developing region. The numerical computations reveal the developments and distributions of heat transfer and flow fields in the annular helicoidal tube when the outer tube wall is heated and the inner tube wall is insulated. The effects of Reynolds number, curvature ratio, and coil pitch on the circumferential average friction factor and Nusselt number at different axial locations, and the non-dimensional entropy generation number of laminar convection in an annular helicoidal tube are investigated. In addition, the differences of flow and heat transfer characteristics between the annular helicoidal tube and circular helicoidal tube are also described.