Ciprofloxacin 제제의 생물학적 동등성에 관한 연구

최철희,신재국,신완균,유호진,이경훈,정원석,장인진,신상구 대한화학요법학회 1991 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.9 No.1

국내 시판중인 ciprofloxacin 제제인 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)의 동등성을 검토하기 위해 제조원인 Bayer사의 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)를 기준제제로 하여 18명의 건강한 남성 피험자를 대상으로 500㎎ 1회 교차 경구 투여후 약동학적 성상을 분석비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시험제제의 생체 이용율의 지표인 AUC, C_(mao), T_(max) 및 MRT들의 평균치는 백분율차이에 있어 모든 기준제제 지표의 ± 20% 이내였으며, 이들 생체 이용율 지표들은 분산분석 검정에서 차이를 인지할 수 없었다.생체 이용율 지표들의 기준제제에 대한 백분율 90% 대칭 신뢰구간 검토시 모든 경수들에서 ± 20% 이내의 조건을 만족하였으며 AUC의 경우에는 대칭형 신뢰구간으로 변환시 95% 신뢰구간에서도 동등성의 조건을 만족하였다, 이상의 시험결과로 시험제제인 Citopcin®은 기준제제인 Ciprobay®와 생물학적 동등한 제제로 판단되었다. The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin was studied for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of the generic ciproflocacin products. Two single doses of 500㎎ each of ciprofloxacin(Ciprobay® 250㎎ tablet as a reference compound and Citopcin® 250㎎ tablet s a test compound) were administered orally to ighteen male volunteers in a balanced, randomized crossover design. Pek plasma levels of ciprofloxacin were observed about 1 hour after the doses and the peak concentrations of both products were similar(Ciprobay®, 3.18㎍/㎖; Citopcin®, 2.89㎍/㎖). The values of other pharmacokinetic parameter of ciprofloxacin computed for Ciprobay® are presented in that order: AUC=13.53:12.47㎍·h/㎖, T_(max)=1.28:1.14 hours; MRT=5.30:5.08 hours; t_(1/2)β=3.65:3.47 hours. No satistically significant, differences were detected when AUC and the other parameters were compared with the method of ANOVA. Using the criteria of 90% confidence interval for the assessment of bioequivalence al the parameters were acceptable. The products were found to be equivalent on the premise that no significant difference was detected when the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters were compared, and the confidence limit analysis showed acceptable results.

C형 간염 바이러스 core 단백의 대장균내 발현

신현진,김철중,신광순 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1995 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

C형 간염 바이러스(HCV)의 구조 유존자중 core 유전자를 fusion protein vector인 pGEX-2T vector에 cloning하여 core단백질을 발현시켜서 항원성을 증가시키고자 하였다. HCV의 core gene을 PCR (polymerase chain reaction) 기법을 이용하여 증폭한 후, 약 0.57kb 정도의 증폭된 core gene을 TA cloning vector에 cloning 한 후, restriction exzyme BamH I으로 잘라, gel elution method로 elution하여 pGEX-2T vector의 BamH I site에 cloning 시켰다. Cloning된 plasmid를 E coli cell인 JM105에 transformation시킨 후, IPTG에의해 protein induction 하였다. pGEX-2T에서 발현된 HCV core 단백질은 SDSPAGE및 Western-blotting 분석 결과, 양성 C형 간염 환자의 serum및 monoclonal antibody와 특이적으로 반응하였다.

자살률에 영향을 미치는 사회경제적 변인

신철진 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2013 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.23 No.2

연구목적: 자살의 원인은 생물학적인 원인, 심리학적인 원인, 사회학적인 원인 또는 사회경제적인 요 인등으로 나눌 수 있는데, 생물학적, 심리학적인 원인에 비하여 사회경제적인 요인에 관한 연구는 적 다. 본 연구는 각 국가별 자살률과 인구밀도, 소득수준과 같은 사회경제적인 요인들과의 관계를 살펴보 고자 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 세계 각국의 자살률 및 사회경제적인 변인은 유엔개발계획에서 발행한 2013년판 인간 개발보고서 2013과 미국 중앙정보국에서 발행한 월드팩트북 2012년 판을 참고하여 각국의 남녀 자살 률과 사회경제적인 변인간의 상관관계를 피어슨상관계수를 통하여 살펴보았다. 결과: 세계적으로 남자의 자살률이 여자보다 높았으며, 지역별로도 유의하게 차이가 있었다. 인간개발 지수와 남녀의 자살률이 상관성을 나타내었으며, 경제적인 요인으로는 1인당 국내총생산과 국민총소득 이 여성의 자살률과 상관관계를 나타내었고 남성의 자살률과 정부에 대한 신뢰도가 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 결론: 각 나라의 발전 상태를 나타내는 인간개발지수 및 1인당소득, 정부에 대한 신뢰도등과 같은 사 회경제적인 변인과 남녀의 자살률이 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 이는 자살의 원인에 유전적 그리고 생물 학적인 요인이외에 사회경제적인 요인도 상당부분 관여함을 시사한다.

한국어판 일상적 스트레스 평가서의 신뢰도 및 타당도

신철진,김재진,정인원 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.2

연구목적 : 일상 생활에서 흔히 경험되는 사소한 스트레스 요인들의 상대적 강도를 전향적으로 측정하는 Daily Stress Inventory(DSI)의 한국어 판을 개발할 목적으로. 이를 번역하여 한국의 정상 성인들에게 적용하여 봄으로써 신뢰도 및 타당도를 검증하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 사소한 생활 사건 58문항이 기술된 DSI에 대하여 번역, 역번역, 재번역 과정을 통해 최종번역 안을 작성한 후. '주요 생활사건 측정도구'와 함께 대학생 200명과 직장인 150명에게 배포하였다. 최종적으로 120명(대학생 82명 직장인 38명)으로부터 결과를 회수하여 DSI의 세 가지의 기초 점수(사건점수. 강도 점수. 강도/사건비)를 산출한 후. 사회인구학적 변인의 차이에 따른 DSI 기초 점수의 차이, 내적 일치도, 동시타당도 등을 조사하였다. 결 과: 1) 일일 사건 및 강도점수, 주간 사건 및 강도점수 등은 모두 양의 왜도로 오른쪽 긴 꼬리를 하는 비정규분포를 하였으나, 일일 및 주간 강도/사건비늘 비교적 정규분포의 형태를 보였다. 2) 일일 및 주간 DSI 기초점수들은 성별에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 연령과 교육수준의 차이에 따라서는 일일 및 주간 사건점수와 강도점수는 유의한 차이를 보였으나 강도/사건비늘 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 직업별의 경우에는 일일 강도/사건비를 제외하면 모든 일일 및 주간 DSI 기초점수에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3) 대학생인 경우가 직장인인 경우에 비해 모든 일일 및 주간 DSI 기초점수들이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 특히 '개인적 능력' 부분에서 그 차이가 현저하였다. 4) 사건점수와 강도점수의 Cronbach 알파값은 0.98과 0.97로 산출되어 높은 내적 일치도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 5) 주요 생활사건 측정도구와의 Spearman 상관계수 조사 결과 모들 DSI 기초점수들은 부정적 생활사건과는 통계적으로 유의한 상관성을 보였으나, 긍정적 생활사건과는 유의성을 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 이러한 결과를 통해 저자들은 한국어판 일상적 스트레스 평가서가 일상생활 수준에서 흔히 경험되는 사소한 생활사건들을 평가하는데 신뢰성과 타당성을 갖춘 도구로 이용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 평가과정에서 대상자의 대학생 유무에 따라 해석에 유의해야 함을 알 수 있었다. Objectives: To develope Korean version of Daily Stress Inventory(DSI) designed to assess prospectively the sources and magnitude of minor stressful events, the authors translated it into Korean and examined its reliability and validity. Methods : The translated DSI was distributed to] 200 collegians and 150 clericals. In order to test the validity, the previously qualified 'Major Life Event(MLE)' questionnaire was given concurrently. The materials were collected from 120 persons, and were analyzed by application of simple statistics of DSI scores, Wilcoxon's rank- sum test for differences of those according to demographic valiables, internal consistency for reliability, and Spearma's correlation coefficient for concurrent validity. Results : 1) The distributions of scores of daily event, daily impact, weekly event and weekly impact were all showed as having a positive skew. But the distributions of daily and weekly I/E ratio were approximately normal. 2) All daily and weekly DSI scores showed no significant differences by sex. There were significant differences in daily or weekly event and impact scores but insignificant differences in daily or weekly I/E ratio according to age and education level. By occupation, all daily and weekly DSI scores except daily I/E ratio showed significant differences. 3) Daily and weekly DSI scores were significanty higher in collegians than in clericals, and the cluster showing the most marked difference between the two group was 'personal competency'. 4) In the reliability test by internal consistancy, the Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the event score and the impact score were respectively 0.98 and 0.97. 5) In the concurrent validity between DSI and MLE, DSI scores were more highly correlated with negative life events with positive life events. Conclusions : With the above results, the authors concluded that Korean version of DSI was a reliable and valid tool for assessing minor stress experienced frequently in daily life level. But its scores should be interpreted differently according to collegian or not.

성인 남자의 식습관과 혈중 지질 농도에 관한 연구

신승렬,황보진향,박동철 慶山大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.15 No.1

This paper was carried out to study on the food & daily habit score and lipid contents in serum of adult man as basal research for research on the effects of food & daily habits on the lipid contents in serum of adult man. The number of normal, dangerous leval and hypercholesterolemia was each 133(60.5%), 62(28.2%) and 25(11.3%) of adult man. respectively. The mean age. weight. Broca's index(RBW) and Quetelet index(BMI) was 48.4 9.5. 67.7 10.2. 109.1 14.3, 23.6 3.0. respectively. The numbers of good food habits was 5.4 percentage, but those of bad food habits was 35.5 percentage, It was appeared to bad the mode of dietary and hormony of food. The contents of trigryceride and cholesterol in serum was 115.8 and 192.4mg/dℓ, respectively. The numbers of triglyceride contents(90∼120mg/dℓ in serum was 53(24.1%) of the subjects of research, and those of triglyceride contents (150-210mg/dℓ) in serum was 133(60.5%) of the adult man.

정신분열병 환자의 항정신병 약물치료 전후의 뇌파소견의 변화 : 3차원적 신호부위 추적분석

신철진 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2008 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.18 No.1

연구목적: 정신분열병 환자들을 대상으로 한 구조적 또는 기능적인 뇌영상 소견들이 결정적인 성과는 아직 없지만 지속적으로 보고되고 있으며, 최근에는 역문제가 있음에도 불구하고 뇌파를 사용하여 뇌내의 병리적인 부위를 3차원적으로 국소화하려는 시도도 이루어지고 있다. 정신분열병의 전기생리학적인 이해를 넓히고자 항정신병 약물의 치료 초기와 치료 후의 표면뇌파를 이용하여 어떠한 변화가 있는지를 살펴보고 이러한 변화를 일으키는 부위를 sLORETA를 이용하여 국소화하기 위하여 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 정신분열병의 급성 악화로 대학병원에 입원한 20명의 환자를 대상으로 시행되었으며, 모든 대상자는 뇌외상, 알코올 의존, 또는 간질의 과거력이 없는 환자들이었다. 입원 첫 주 및 넷째 주에 뇌파를 측정하였고 동시에 양성 및 음성증상척도(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, PANSS)를 사용하여 정신병리를 측정하였다. 13개의 전극에서 12비트 해상도를 가지고 125 Hz로 추출하여 디지탈화된 자료를 얻어 분석하였으며 눈을 감고 편안한 상태에서 얻은 512개의 자료를 이용하여 sLORETA 소프트웨어를 사용하여 치료 전후를 비교하였다. 결과: 정신병리척도 상에 나타난 증상의 호전은 유의하였으며(p<0.01), 양성, 음성, 및 일반 증상군에서 모두 유의하게 호전되었다. 입원 첫 주와 넷째 주의 뇌파의 비교에서는 알파 2파의 파워가 우측 연상회(supramarginal gyrus)에서 치료 후 유의하게 감소하였다. 다른 대역폭이나 부위에서는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 결론: 이전의 연구들은 정신분열병 환자에서의 두정엽의 이상은 사회적인 인지의 손상과 관련이 있을 것으로 보고하였으며, 또한 환청의 정도와 연상회의 부피 감소가 상관관계를 보인다고 하였다. 본 연구결과는 정신분열병에서 연상회의 전기생리학적인 역동 이상을 시사하며, 두정엽의 부피감소나 기능이상, 또는 알파파의 파워 감소 등을 보고한 이전연구 결과와 일치한다. Purpose: The studies using structural or functional imaging have continuously reported localized abnormalities of schizophrenic brains but those findings are still inconclusive. In spite of the inverse problem, there have been also many efforts to localize the pathology in the brain from the surface electroencephalography. To expand the understandings of electrophysiological characteristics of schizophrenia, we tried to see any changes of the power spectrum of surface EEG during the antipsychotic treatment and to find out the localized brain area which is responsible for those changes using sLORETA software. Materials and Methods: Twenty one schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation diagnosed by DSM-III-R were recruited from the university hospital. All the patients did not have any history of head trauma, alcohol dependence or epilepsy. The electroencephalography was checked twice, the first and the forth week of the antipsychotic treatment during admission, and the psychopathology was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The EEG signals from thirteen leads were digitalized with 125 Hz sampling rate and 12 bit resolution. The epochs of 512 points in eyes closed condition at rest were analyzed for the comparison of the two different times during the antipsychotic treatment. Three dimensional source localization and statistical comparisons were performed by sLORETA software. Results: The severity of psychopathology on PANSS scale was reduced after the treatment (p<0.01), and positive, negative and general psychopathology subscale score were all significantly reduced. In the comparison between the electroencephalogram of the first and the fourth week, sLORETA revealed that the power of alpha 2 band was significantly decreased on right supramarginal gyrus after the treatment (p<0.05). However, other cortical areas and other frequency bands have failed to show any significant differences. Conclusion: Previous studies reported that parietal lobe abnormalities in the schizophrenic patients can be considered to have a relation with their impaired social cognition, or that the severity of auditory hallucination had a correlation with the volume loss of supramarginal gyrus. The change of alpha spectral power on the supramargical gyrus in this study also suggests that schizophrenia may have a abnormal electrophysiological dynamics of supramarginal gyrus which is a part of inferior parietal lobe, and this finding is compatible with prior imaging studies that reported a reduced volume or impaired functions of parietal lobe, and with other electroencephalographic studies that reported the reduced alpha wave power during the antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia.

비디오시스템과의 일체형 지면반력 Windows 프로그램 개발

신인식,문영진,정철수,이기청 서울대학교 체육연구소 2000 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.21 No.2

The study was designed to develop the window version force platform from the former program operated in DOS version. The window version program was developed utilizing a visual-basic program of Microsoft Inc. The characteristics of the program are as follows: 1.The compatibility among the board was enhanced so that all AD board of Data Translation Inc. can be utilized. 2.The program can be operated with the connection to the image analysis system which consists of force platform and D-5100 Panasonic Video Camera. 3.The automation of analysis was achieved so that the variable can be analyzed immediately after the button on the force platform was pressed. 4.Multi-file processing was adopted so that several files can be performed simultaneously for the analysis. 5.The program was designed in user-friendly mode. The program can be operated by even novice because the main menu was composed in flowchart format. There were not significant differences between the values obtained utilizing the program developed in the present study and the former program. The present results suggest that the program developed in this study may have advantage with regard to conveniency and economical efficiency over the expensive programs imported from the foreign countries.

정신분열병에 대한 Risperidone의 효과 및 안전성에 관하여

신석철,왕성근,지익성,이선우,이규광,이봉희,이진영,황선희,신용재,배경도,김정란 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.1

In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of risperidone, 10 patients with chronic schizophrenia were examined for 8 weeks in a silgle-open study. After the wash-out period of 1 week, risperidone was administered. Efficacy was evaluated by means of Positive and Negative syndrome Scale for Schizophernia(PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression(CGI). Safety assessment included the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS), vital signs, body weight, ECG, and laboratory tests. The results were as follows 1) On the PANSS total score, there was significant improvement of total score after 1 week (P<.05) of administratiom. 2) On the PANSS positive and negative subscal, there were significant improvement of posotive and negative scores after 2 weeks (P<.05) of administration. 3) On the PANSS general psychopatholgy subscals, there were significant improvement of general psychopathologyscores after 1 week (P<.05) of administratiom. 4) On the CGI, there was significant decreasement of clinical impression of severity of schizophrenia score after 2 week (P<.05) of administration. 5) A statistically significant increase in body weight (P<.05) was observed after 8 weeks of administration. 6) EPS reached the peak at the end of the 1st week of administration of risperidone (11.8± 24.25) but they were easily relieved by addition of benztropine and clonazepam. There was not significant change in laboratory tests, vital sign, ECG after 8 weeks of administration. These results suggest that Risperidone is an effective antipsychotics and clinically safe except for increased body weight in chronic schizophrenia.

VHDL을 이용한 실시간 JPEG 인코더 설계

신인철,어진우,강호준 단국대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

Image compression techniques have been necessary to transfer and save a great amount of image data in an efficient way. Because the compression and decompression of image signal require the real time processing, various hardware implementation methods have been studied. In this paper we propose the algorithm which is parallel form of processing 2 dimensional 8*8 blocks simultaneously, so increase speeds. It outputs compressed bit sequences 8 clocks later for the input data synchronized to clocks. Proposed algorithm is designed using VHDL. Simulation and circuit synthesis has been performed by the Powerview CAD Tool on the SUN Sparc-10 workstation. Results shows that maximum operating frequency is up to 15㎒. The final schematic circuit and comparison of processing speed are shown.

TV媒體가 兒童의 攻擊性 發達에 미치는 影響

申允澈,裵珍洙 진주교육대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.30 No.1

Few tropics have attracted as much theoretical and empirical attention over the past score as the development and regulation of aggressive behavior permeated by the TV viloence viewing. In this pacer we intended to overview the ambivalent effects of TV-media, the relationship between TV violence viewing and aggressive behavior development of the children through the literatures according to the types of research, and after that suggest some implipications to decrease and prevention of aggression. In light of the review we draw the following conclusions. 1) Research has demonstrated that TV plays a role in the positive effect and negative effect as well according to the TV programs, 2) Although multiple theories have been explored to explain the development of aggression derived from the TV violence viewing, only one theory can't be done it completely. 3) Though the results gained from the laboratory experiments about the effects of TV violence viewing and the viewer's aggression are inconsistent, they have helped to identify the range of circumstamces under which it is possible to find an effect on viewer aggression. 4) While field experiments haute found either no effect or awn effect of less aggression in the group that viewed violence compared to a group that viewed neutral films, the remaining majority of these studies has provided qualified evidence that viewing of violence leads to an increase in viewer aggression. 5) Most of the correlational study have not reached the conclusion that there is a consistent or, small positive correlation between viewing TV violence and aggression. But there is little evidence that in natural settings viewing TV violence cause people to be more aggressive. 6) There are many intervening variables in determining the TV violence viewing and aggressive behavior, that is, age, sex-typing, identification and fantasy wish the TV characters, viewer's predisposition, parents influence, etc.