An update of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in gene diseases, chromosomal translocation, and aneuploidy screening

Chang, Li-Jung,Chen, Shee-Uan,Tsai, Yi-Yi,Hung, Chia-Cheng,Fang, Mei-Ya,Su, Yi-Ning,Yang, Yu-Shih The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2011 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.38 No.3

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is gradually widely used in prevention of gene diseases and chromosomal abnormalities. Much improvement has been achieved in biopsy technique and molecular diagnosis. Blastocyst biopsy can increase diagnostic accuracy and reduce allele dropout. It is cost-effective and currently plays an important role. Whole genome amplification permits subsequent individual detection of multiple gene loci and screening all 23 pairs of chromosomes. For PGD of chromosomal translocation, fluorescence $in-situ$ hybridization (FISH) is traditionally used, but with technical difficulty. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can detect translocation and 23 pairs of chromosomes that may replace FISH. Single nucleotide polymorphisms array with haplotyping can further distinguish between normal chromosomes and balanced translocation. PGD may shorten time to conceive and reduce miscarriage for patients with chromosomal translocation. PGD has a potential value for mitochondrial diseases. Preimplantation genetic haplotyping has been applied for unknown mutation sites of single gene disease. Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) using limited FISH probes in the cleavage-stage embryo did not increase live birth rates for patients with advanced maternal age, unexplained recurrent abortions, and repeated implantation failure. Polar body and blastocyst biopsy may circumvent the problem of mosaicism. PGS using blastocyst biopsy and array CGH is encouraging and merit further studies. Cryopreservation of biopsied blastocysts instead of fresh transfer permits sufficient time for transportation and genetic analysis. Cryopreservation of embryos may avoid ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and possible suboptimal endometrium.

Unambiguous Identification of Fugitive Pollutants and Determination of Annual Emission Flux as Diurnal Monitoring Mode

Shih-Yi Chang,Tai-Ly Tso,Jiunn-Gung Lo,Jer-Luen Huang,Cheng Ming Lin 한국분석과학회 1995 분석과학 Vol.8 No.4

Informal Ties and the Effects on Innovation : Analysis on the Chinese Information Technology (IT) Firms

Chang, Shih-Yi,Kwak, Jooyoung,Park, Hyungkun,Lee, Jooyeon 경성대학교 산업개발연구소 2019 산업혁신연구 Vol.35 No.4

사회연결망 이론과 자원기반 이론에 따르면 동문 네트워크는 개인 간 네트워크의 하나의 형 태이기에, 정보의 접근, 특혜 및 명성 등에 효과가 있다. 이러한 견해는 동문 네트워크의 긍정적 효과를 강조하지만, 이 효과는 사실상 네트워크 참여자가 속해있는 기업이 처한 환경내 경쟁 정 도에 따라 다를 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 동문 네트워크와 기업 혁신의 관계 및 산업내 경쟁도 와 기술관련성의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 2012년부터 2016년까지 상해와 심천 증시에 상장한 중 국 IT 기업을 대상으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 동문 네트워크는 혁신 성과에 긍정적 효과를 미치지만 산업내 경쟁도와 기술관련성은 그 효과를 약화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과는 중국의 IT 기업은 정보의 원천으로 동문 네트워크 이익을 얻지만 동문과의 관계에 경쟁이 존재 하게 되면 그 이익은 감소하는 것으로 해석된다. 전체적으로 볼 때 본 연구는 중국에서 사회적 자본이 존재하며 이러한 사회적 자본은 기업간 혁신 성과를 높이는데 도움이 되는 역할을 한다 는 것을 보여주고 있다. Both social network theory and resource-based view posit that school ties are valuable interpersonal network, channeling information, preferential treatment or reputation. While the views regard school ties positive, the effects may be changed if the network actors compete with each other. Thus, we test the relationship between school ties and firm innovation, and the moderating effect of industry competition and tech-relativeness. Our dataset is the Chinese IT firms listed in the Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2016. The results show that the school tie and firm innovation have a positive relationship and that both the industry competition and tech-relativeness weaken the relationship between interpersonal networks and innovation. Findings suggest that the Chinese IT firms benefit from alums for an information source in conducting innovation, however, the benefits decrease in presence of rivalry between the ties. Overall, we confirm the existence of social capital in China and its role in enhancing innovation performance.

Unambiguous Identification of Fugitive Pollutants and Determination of Annual Emission Flux as Diurnal Monitoring Mode

Chang, Shih-Yi,Tso, Tai-Ly,Lo, Jiunn-Gung,Huang, Jer-Luen,Lin, Cheng Ming 한국분석과학회 1995 분석과학 Vol.8 No.4

Toxic air pollutants are investigated in a petrochemical industrial park in Taiwan by using a movable open path FTIR. The results show the qualitative and quantitative analysis of emission gases from plants, and also provide the emission rate of different compounds. More than twenty compounds under usual operation are found from this industrial park. The concentration variation with time can be correlated exactly with wind direction. It means that by changing the measuring points, the source of emission can be unambiguously identified. An EPA proved PAL model is applied to estimate the emission rate of either a point or an area source. Local atmospheric stability is determined by releasing the $SF_6$ tracer. The origins of errors come mainly from the uncertainty of source's configuration and the variation of meteorological condition. Through the continuous measurement (half an hour base in this study) of OP-FTIR sensor, the maximum value of emission rate and the annual amount of emission can be derived. The emission rate of the measured toxic gases are derived by the model technique and the results show that the emission amount are in the order of ten to hundred tons per year.

BRCA1/2 mutation status in patients with metachronous breast and ovarian malignancies: clues towards the implementation of genetic counseling

Angel Chao,Yi-Hao Lin,Lan-Yan Yang,Ren-Chin Wu,Wei-Yang Chang,Pi-Yueh Chang,Shih-Cheng Chang,Chiao-Yun Lin,Huei-Jean Huang,Cheng-Tao Lin,Hung-Hsueh Chou,Kuan-Gen Huang,Wen-Ling Kuo,Ting-Chang Chang,Ch 대한부인종양학회 2020 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.31 No.3

Objective: The characteristics of patients with metachronous breast and ovarian malignancies and the pathogenic role of BRCA1/2 mutations remain poorly understood. We investigated these issues through a review of hospital records and nationwide Taiwanese registry data, followed by BRCA1/2 mutation analysis in hospital-based cases. Methods: We retrospectively retrieved consecutive clinical records of Taiwanese patients who presented with these malignancies to our hospital between 2001 and 2017. We also collected information from the Data Science Center of the Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR) between 2007 and 2015. Next-generation sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were used to identify BRCA1/2 mutations and large genomic rearrangements, respectively. When BRCA1/2 mutations were identified in index cases, pedigrees were reconstructed and genetic testing was offered to family members. Results: A total of 12,769 patients with breast cancer and 1,537 with ovarian cancer were retrieved from our hospital records. Of them, 28 had metachronous breast and ovarian malignancies. We also identified 113 cases from the TCR dataset. Eighteen hospital-based cases underwent BRCA1/2 sequencing and germline pathogenic mutations were detected in 7 patients (38.9%, 5 in BRCA1 and 2 in BRCA2). All BRCA1/2 mutation carriers had ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas. Of the 12 patients who were alive at the time of analysis, 5 were BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. All of them had family members with BRCA1/2-associated malignancies. Conclusions: Our results provide pilot evidence that BRCA1/2 mutations are common in Taiwanese patients with metachronous breast and ovarian malignancies, supporting the clinical utility of genetic counseling.

Risk and Outcome of Stroke in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: Two Nationwide Studies

( Yi-chun Chou ),( Chien-chang Liao ),( Chun-chuan Shih ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: The association between liver cirrhosis (LC) and stroke was not completely understood. The purpose of this study is to evaluate stroke risk and post-stroke outcomes in patients with LC. Methods: Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 6944 adults aged ≥20 years diagnosed with LC in 2000-2005. Non-LC cohort consisted of 27776 adults randomly selected and matched by age and sex (case-control ratio=1:4). Incident events of stroke occurring after LC from January 1, 2000, through the end of 2009 were identified in the follow-up period. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of stroke associated with LC were calculated. We conducted another nested cohort study consisted of 21267 patients with hospitalization due to stroke between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2010. We calculated the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of 30-day mortality after stroke in patients with and without LC during admission. Results: The incidences of stroke for people with and without LC were 7.5 and 4.9 per1000 person-years, respectively (P<0.0001). Compared to people without LC, patients with LC had increased risk of stroke (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.52-2.01). The association was significant in both sexes. In the nested cohort study, LC was associated with post-hemorrhage mortality (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.63-2.05) and epilepsy (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.56). Conclusions: Patients with LC showed higher risks of stroke and post-stroke mortality. Our findings suggest the urgency of preventing and managing LC by a multidisciplinary medical team for this specific population.

Formation of Solid-Solution Cu-to-Cu Joints Using Ga Solder and Pt under Bump Metallurgy for Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits

Shih-kang Lin,Hao-miao Chang,Cheng-liang Cho,Yu-chen Liu,Yi-kai Kuo 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.4

Three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits (ICs) are the most important packaging technology for next-generation semiconductors. Cu-to-Cu throughsilicon via interconnections with micro-bumps are key components in the fabrication of 3D ICs. However, significant reliability concerns have been raised due to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds in the entire 3D IC joints. This study proposes a Ga-based Cu-to-Cu bonding technology with Pt under bump metallurgy (UBM). A systematic analysis of reactive wetting between Ga solders and polycrystalline, single-crystalline, and Ptcoated Cu substrates was conducted. Pt UBM as a wetting layer was identified to be a key component for Ga-based Cu-to-Cu bonding. Pt-coated Cu substrates were bonded using Ga solders with various Ga-to-Pt ratios (n) at 300°C. When n ≥ 4, the Cu/Pt/Ga/Pt/Cu interface evolves to Cu/facecentered cubic (fcc)/γ1-Cu9Ga4/fcc/Cu, Cu/fcc/γ1-Cu9Ga4 + Ga7Pt3/fcc/Cu, and finally Cu/fcc + Ga7Pt3/Cu structures. The desired ductile solid solution joint formed with discrete Ga7Pt3 precipitates. When n ≤ 1, a Cu/Ga7Pt3/Cu joint formed without Cu actively participating in the reactions. The reaction mechanism and microstructure evolution were elaborated with the aid of CALPHAD thermodynamic modeling.

Mathematics Teachers` Realization of Model-Eliciting Activities

( Shih Yi Yu ),( Ching Kuch Chang ) 한국수학교육학회 2010 수학교육 프로시딩 Vol.45 No.-

Comparisons of Moisturizing Function Between Rayon Fabric with Collagen Peptides from Fish Scales and Regular Rayon Fabric Under Various Relative Humidity

Chi‑Shih Huang,Erh‑Jen Hou,Ying‑Chou Lee,Tzong‑Huei Lee,Yi‑Jun Pan,Ta Yu,Wei‑Hsin Lin,Chun‑Han Shih,Wei‑Che Chang 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.12

The study was inspired by the specialized facial masks made of rayon non-woven fabrics which contained collagen peptides for improving moisturizing function. This study explored the moisturizing function of a rayon fabric containing collagen peptides extracted from tilapia fish scales under various conditions of relative humidity. This research had implications for the development of clothing that can prevent dry skin. A two-stage nested design experiment was adopted. The first-stage factor such as the fabric has two levels and the second-stage factor such as the relative humidity with three levels nested under each level of the first-stage factor. Preliminary results indicated that introducing a new variable (i.e., fabric moisturizing value, which combines the moisture regains of adsorption and desorption) would be useful. The moisturizing value of the novel rayon fabric and regular rayon fabric increased with the increase in relative humidity, and moisturizing effect of the novel rayon fabric with collagen peptides was better than that of the regular rayon fabric. Therefore, the novel rayon fabric may be suitable for preventing dry skin in winter.

Optical metrology of randomly-distributed Au colloids on a multilayer film

Hsu, Shih-Hsin,Chang, Yia-Chung,Chen, Yi-Chun,Wei, Pei-Kuen,Kim, Y. D. The Optical Society 2010 Optics express Vol.18 No.2

<P>Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements coupled with efficient theoretical modeling and scanning electron microscopy analysis are used in the metrology of randomly-distributed gold nanoparticles on a multilayer film. Measurements were conducted in the ultraviolet to near infrared region at several angles of incidence. To understand the size, shape, and distribution of nanoparticles, a finite-element Green's function approach considering the scattering from multiple nanoparticles was employed to calculate the ellipsometry parameters. Our calculations are in fair agreement with the ellipsometry measurements when suitable size, shape, and distribution pattern of nanoparticles are found. This demonstrates that SE could be a useful tool to the metrology of arbitrarily-distributed nanoparticles on a multilayer film.</P>