A Novel Nasal Delivery System of a Chinese Traditional Medicine, Radix Bupleuri, Based on the Concept of Ion- Activated in Situ Gel

Cao, Shi-Lei,Chen, En,Zhang, Qi-Zhi,Jiang, Xin-Guo 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.8

The purpose of this study was to develop a nasal in situ gel system for Radix Bupleuri employing gellan gum as a polymer. Radix Bupleuri in situ gel containing 0.2 mL essential oil extracted from 450 g Radix Bupleuri, proper solubilizing agents and gellan gum (0.5% w/v) was prepared and characterized. The antipyretic effect produced by in situ gel formulation was investigated in fevered rabbits and compared to an intranasal solution. The resulting in situ gel was a clear and light-yellow liquid, with viscosity of 346 $mPa{\cdot}s$ and caproic acid content of $1.31{\pm}$ 0.01 mg/mL. Intranasal administration of this preparation to fevered rabbits decreased body temperature markedly ($1.1^{\circ}C$ at the doses of oil from 1.5 g Bupleuri/body) and the effect could last for 20-30 h. The results suggest that Radix Bupleuri in situ gel can be greater effective than the solution in the treatment of fever.

A Novel Nasal Delivery System of a Chinese Traditional Medicine, Radix Bupleuri, Based on the Concept of Ion-Activated in Situ Gel

Shi-Lei Cao,En Chen,Qi-Zhi Zhang,Xin-Guo Jiang 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.8

The purpose of this study was to develop a nasal in situ gel system for Radix Bupleuri employing gellan gum as a polymer. Radix Bupleuri in situ gel containing 0.2 mL essential oil extracted from 450 g Radix Bupleuri, proper solubilizing agents and gellan gum (0.5% w/v) was prepared and characterized. The antipyretic effect produced by in situ gel formulation was investigated in fevered rabbits and compared to an intranasal solution. The resulting in situ gel was a clear and light-yellow liquid, with viscosity of 346 mPa·s and caproic acid content of 1.31± 0.01 mg/mL. Intranasal administration of this preparation to fevered rabbits decreased body temperature markedly (1.1oC at the doses of oil from 1.5 g Bupleuri/body) and the effect could last for 20-30 h. The results suggest that Radix Bupleuri in situ gel can be greater effective than the solution in the treatment of fever.

On the Performance of Turbo Codes-Based Hybrid ARQ with Segment Selective Repeat in WCDMA

Shi Tao,Cao Lei The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2006 Journal of communications and networks Vol.8 No.2

In this paper, a new turbo codes-based hybrid automatic repeat request (TC-HARQ) scheme with segment selective repeat (SSR) is proposed. The main strategy is, upon retransmission, to repeat the data that are most important for the next round of decoding based on the distribution of residual errors after current decoding. The performance in terms of reliability and throughput is analyzed. To adapt to correlated fading channels where an inter-leaver is always employed before transmission, we further modify the SSR strategy so that data having experienced correlated deep fading are selected for retransmission. Finally, this proposed scheme is applied to the wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system under frequency selective fading channels. Simulation results demonstrate that in all single and multiple user cases, SSR-based TC-HARQ leads to significant throughput improvement with similar bit error rate (BER) performance as compared to type-I TC-HARQ.

Optimal Design and Dynamic Control of Construction Dewatering with the Consideration of Dewatering Process

Cheng-hua Shi,Cheng-yong Cao,Ming-feng Lei,Li-min Peng,Jing Jiang 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.21 No.4

Design optimization of construction dewatering has important values in protecting the surrounding environment and reducing the engineering cost. The existing dewatering design methods are mostly based on the optimization of pumping rate needed to maintain a stable water level, while the drop and rise of water level are not considered in the estimation of pumping rate and dewatering time. The dynamics process of construction dewatering is taken into account in this article. The method for calculating the total water yield and dewatering time from the initial groundwater level to the target water level is established. Then, the design optimization of well group dewatering is provided with the consideration of total water yield and dewatering time in dynamic dewatering process. Finally, the method for the calculation of total water yield and dewatering time when dewatering regions change is derived. The proposed method can realize design optimization and dynamic control of dewatering as the dewatering regions and water level changes in construction. The reliability of this method is verified in on-site engineering applications.

Mechanical Property Test and Analytical Method for Reactive Powder Concrete Columns under Eccentric Compression

Cheng-hua Shi,Min Long,Cheng-yong Cao,Guangcheng Long,Ming-feng Lei 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.21 No.4

Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) has ultra-high strength, toughness and durability. Review studies were focused on the mechanical properties of RPC material and RPC beam. In this paper, the bearing features of RPC columns under eccentric compression with different section dimensions, reinforcement ratios, and conditions of with and without steel fibres were determined through large eccentric compression test of 22 RPC columns. The distribution patterns of stresses over the section of the RPC columns under large eccentric compression were determined under cracking loads. A simple analytical method for the cracking loads was also established. Test results revealed that the thickness ratio of elastic tensile region and the whole tensile region can be 0.4 (with steel fibres) or 0.5 (without steel fibres) when calculating the cracking loads. The tensile stress on the RPC columns showed an isosceles triangle distribution in the tensile region. A simple analytical method for calculating the ultimate loads of RPC columns under large eccentric compression was set up. Test results revealed that the equivalence coefficient of the RPC column in tensile regions can be 0.6 (with steel fibres) or 0.4 (without steel fibres). The method deduced in this paper can be used to design the RPC column under large eccentric compression.

Anomalous magnetization jumps in granular Pb superconducting films

Zhang An-Lei,Jiang Wan-Yan,Chen Xing-Hong,Zhang Xiao-Ke,Lu Wen-Lai,Chen Fei,Feng Zhen-Jie,Cao Shi-Xun,Zhang Jin-Cang,Ge Jun-Yi 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.35 No.-

In granular superconductors, the grain boundaries are closely related to the vortex dynamics and the macroscopic superconducting properties. In our research, Pb films with different grain sizes were prepared by tuning the substrate temperature. With the grain size decreasing, Pb films are prone to feature the anomalous magnetization jumps in the M − T curves, while in the M − H curves flux avalanche happens. Both phenomena appear in the same region of the H − T phase diagram and thus are considered to have the same origin. The further theoretical analysis shows that with grain size decreasing the pinning mechanism evolves from a mixed δTc and δl pinning to the δl pinning mechanism. The results shed light on the study of pinning mechanism for granular superconductors and is beneficial to the potential application of manipulating vortex pinning by regulation of intrinsic defects.

An Analysis of the Ground Deformation Caused by Shield Tunnel Construction Combining an Elastic Half-Space Model and Stochastic Medium Theory

Cheng-hua Shi,Cheng-yong Cao,Ming-feng Lei 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.21 No.5

The ground movement induced by the construction of shield tunnels affects the safety of nearby underground pipes and aboveground structures. Therefore, the reliable prediction of ground movement is important. In this paper, a model describing the interaction between soil and an EPB shield used in tunnels is presented, based on the classical elastic theory of Mindlin. In this model, the changing location of the working shield is considered. The equations describing the ground deformation around the tunnel caused by the additional force on the shield working surface and the frictional force between the outer surface of the shield and the surrounding soil are derived. The ground deformation caused by ground loss due to shield tunnel construction is derived using stochastic medium theory. Finally, this model is applied to two running tunnels, and the sensitivity of the ground deformation to the calculation parameters is discussed.

Deformation Characteristics and Countermeasures of shallow and Large-span Tunnel Under-crossing the Existing Highway in Soft Soil: a Case Study

Cheng-yong Cao,Cheng-hua Shi,Ming-feng Lei,Li-min Peng,Ruxue Bai 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.8

Hongmian Road goes under Jihe highway by the way of tunnel in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China. The tunnel hassome special characteristics such as shallow depth, large span, soft soil, busy traffic, and long distance under-crossing the operatinghighway, thus there is great difficulty and risk during its construction. A series of in-situ tests were conducted to reveal deformationcharacteristics during tunneling beneath the existing highway by the double-side-drift method (DSDM). The results show that initialconstruction method and measures can't meet the safety requirement of tunnel construction, and the level of risk is extremely high, sothe construction method need to be timely adjusted. By comprehensive analysis, the double-side-drift optimum method (DSDOM) isput forward, on the basis of which a series of optimum measures also have been put forward, such as reasonable constructionmethods, the suitable length of bench and excavation, soil reinforcement measures on tunnel face, optimizing construction process,closing primary support in time and speeding up the construction of secondary lining. Then the feasibility of this optimizedconstruction method and measures are verified by the numerical simulations. Finally, from feedbacks of monitoring results, theoptimum method and measures have been proved to be reasonable and feasible, and they can guarantee a successful pass beneath theoperating highway.

Resistant starch (RS), a novel endogenous inert marker for detecting glucose absorption of small intestine with sweeteners administration in mice

Wu Yaran,Cai Lei,Xie Xingzi,Yang Shuying,Shi Qing,Jia Hongzhe,Gu Xuqiang,Deng Jingmin,Shi Mingzhao,Chen Qiuping,Cao Shaoqian,Cai Shuangfeng 한국응용생명화학회 2022 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.65 No.2

Resistant starch could be degraded by the fermentation of colonic microorganisms in the large intestine of mammals, but not in the small intestine. In this study, we established a novel strategy by using resistant starch as an endogenous marker to determine the glucose absorption of the small intestine of laboratory animals. By optimization of the classical enzymatic method of starch measurement, the demand for the sample weight was reduced by 90%. Moreover, the amount of resistant starch in normal feed was detectable without any extra addition. The value of small intestine glucose absorption of mice was similar when using resistant starch and titanium dioxide as inert markers. The fermentation of resistant starch by intestinal microorganisms in the small intestine was demonstrated not disturbing the detection of glucose absorption significantly. Artificial sweeteners exposed ICR mice showed different glucose absorption which indicated, first, resistant starch can be used as a novel endogenous marker in the small intestine of small animals; second, although glucose tolerance did not change in mice after short-term exposure to artificial sweeteners, there were significant changes in glucose absorption associated with it; third, the short-term exposure resulted in no significant change in glucose tolerance.

Engineering the morphology <i>via</i> processing additives in multiple all-polymer solar cells for improved performance

Yuan, Jianyu,Xu, Yalong,Shi, Guozheng,Ling, Xufeng,Ying, Lei,Huang, Fei,Lee, Tack Ho,Woo, Han Young,Kim, Jin Young,Cao, Yong,Ma, Wanli The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.6 No.22

<P>In this contribution, we report the working mechanisms of several processing additives for controlling the morphology of four all-polymer systems. The optical and electrical properties, photovoltaic performance, morphology and the dynamic process of film formation of these all-polymer systems were thoroughly examined. We revealed that the effect of additives is largely dependent on the aggregation behaviors of the polymers used. Here, the polymer acceptors with large planar structures have stronger inter-chain interactions, which make their morphology more susceptible to additive treatment compared to the donors. 1,8-Di(R)octane (R = Cl, Br, and I) additives can be applied to multiple all-polymer devices with improved efficiency due to their general capability to increase the crystallinity and extend the effective time during the film formation. Interestingly, DBrO outperforms the widely used DIO, obtaining a highest efficiency of 8.23% for the PTzBI/P(NDI2OD-T2) based all-polymer solar cells, indicating finer morphology control by a subtle change of the additive structure. In contrast, the addition of chloronaphthalene (CN) can alleviate the inter-chain interaction of polymers to prevent the formation of oversized domains, which make it especially efficient for systems using strongly aggregated polymers like P(NDI2OD-T2). Our results provide insight into processing additives and suggest guidelines to rationally select additives for nonfullerene solar cells.</P>