Continuous Low-Level Vagus Nerve Stimulation Reduces Stellate Ganglion Nerve Activity and Paroxysmal Atrial Tachyarrhythmias in Ambulatory Canines

Shen, Mark J.,Shinohara, Tetsuji,Park, Hyung-Wook,Frick, Kyle,Ice, Daniel S.,Choi, Eue-Keun,Han, Seongwook,Maruyama, Mitsunori,Sharma, Rahul,Shen, Changyu,Fishbein, Michael C.,Chen, Lan S.,Lopshire, J Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2011 CIRCULATION - Vol.123 No.20

Differential Diagnosis of Brain Diseases Using In Vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 3 Tesla: A Preliminary Study

Shen, Yu-Lan,Kang, Heoung-Keun,Kim, Tae-Hoon,Sundaram, Thirunavukkarasu,Kim, Hyeong-Jung,Jeong, Gwang-Woo Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2009 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of in vivo 3T $^1H$ MRS with short TE for prescreening various brain diseases. Together with ten normal volunteers, 12 brain tumor patients(2 lymphomas, 5 malignant gliomas) and 5(benign meningiomas) and 10 brain ischemic disease patients(6 acute and 4 subacute infarctions) participated. Lymphomas showed increased intensities of Cho and Lac. Likewise, gliomas showed increased Cho and Lac, but with decreased NAA and ${\beta}\;{\gamma}$-Glx; in higher grade of gliomas, Lac, Cho, mI and Lip predominantly increased with decrease of NAA. Benign meningiomas showed increased Cho, Lac and ${\beta}\;{\gamma}$-Glx; with decreased of NAA. The alanine peak at 1.47 ppm is a neuronal marker for meningiomas. Infarctions showed increased Lac and Lip and decreased NAA, ${\alpha}$-Glx and ${\beta}\;{\gamma}$-Glx where Lac increased with decreased of ${\alpha}$-Glx in acute, and Cho, Lac and Lip increased with decrease of NAA in subacute. Elevated Lac and decreased NAA levels were more aggravated in subacute. Clinical application of the $^1H$ MRS with short TE at 3T is able to povide valuable spectral information for prescreening various brain diseases by monitoring the changes of disease-specific cerebral metabolite concentrations in vivo, and consequently, it can be applicable to assessment of differential diagnosis and malignancy as well.

A Topic Community Detection Method for Information Network based on Improved Label Propagation

SHEN Gui-Lan,YANG Xiao-Ping 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.2

A large number of emerging information networks brings new challenges to the community detection. The meaningful community should be topic-oriented. However, the topology-based methods only reflect the strength of connection, and ignore the consistency of the topics; the content-based methods focus on the contents and completely ignore the links. This paper explores a topic oriented community detection method simLPA based on label propagation for information work. The method utilizes Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic model to represent the node content, and calculate the content similarity by the normalized Kullback–Leibler divergence. simLPA extended by LabelRank fuses the links and the contents naturally to detect the topic community. Extensive experiments on nine real-world datasets with varying sizes and characteristics validate the proposed method outperforms other baseline algorithms in quality. Additionally simLPA integrated into the content is equivalent to LabelRank in efficiency, which is easy to handle large-scale information networks.

담화표지 "그냥"의 기능 연구

심란희 ( Lan Ji Shen ) 한국문학언어학회(구 경북어문학회) 2013 어문론총 Vol.59 No.-

This study analyses the discourse marker ‘Geunyang‘, which is used frequently in spoken discourse for providing a basic data for the Korean Language Teaching with a focus on communication. Through the discourse analysis, the study claims ‘Geunyang‘ as a discourse marker, and determines the meanings and the functions used in different situations. In order to overcome the disadvantages of semi-spoken corpus and spoken corpus, the research incluses both of the 21st century Sejong corpus [2009] and the drama script corpus. The background of the study, Gramaticalitation and Discourse Analysis, is discussed in Chapter 2. Considering the previous studies, the paper clarifies the concepts including the terms, definitions, characteristics, features, as well as the classification of the discourse marker. Moreover, the critical points are figured out in the advanced study to complete the paper. Chapter Ⅲ proposes the idea of ‘Geunyang‘ as a discourse marker based on its characteristics. Furthermore, in the Chapter IV the uses as adverbial and discourse marker are separated. Additionally, the characteristics of ‘Geunyang‘ as a discourse marker in feature, morphology, rhythm, and syntax are examined. Chapter Ⅳ analyses the function of ‘Geunyang‘ concretely. As a result, ‘Geunyang‘ has a function that supports the cohesion in discourse. The cohesion includes not only the speaker and topic but also the speaker and listener, topic and topic. Besides that, ‘Geunyang‘ has the function of modality expressing the speaker‘s thought. In addition, the suitability of ‘Geunyang’ as a discourse marker through the Grammaticalization and the needed process is argued. Also the co-occurrence of ‘Geunyang‘ as well as other often used discourse markers is considered. Chapter Ⅴ presents a summary of the results, significance and the limitations of this study.

은희경과 리앙 소설 속 여성의 성적 욕망과 주체의식 비교 - 「먼지 속의 나비」와 「北港香爐人人揷」를 중심으로

신춘란 ( Shen Chun-lan ),조영준 ( Jo Young-joon ) 경희대학교 글로벌인문학술원 2019 비교문화연구 Vol.54 No.-

한국 작가 은희경의 「먼지 속의 나비」와 타이완 작가 리앙의 「北港香爐人人揷」는 여성의 성적 욕망을 통해 여성 주체의식의 확립을 시도한 작품이다. 두 소설 속 여주인공 최선희와 린리즈는 사회와 주변인들의 비난어린 시선에도 불구하고 자신의 성적 권리를 주장하며, 여성의 ‘몸’은 남성에게 지배되거나 성적대상이기만 한 것이 아닌 여성 자신의 소유임을 분명하게 드러낸다. 최선희는 구속적이지 않은 성 가치관을 지니며, 자신의 에세이에서 한 명의 여성이 복수의 남성과 육체적 관계를 맺는 이야기를 묘사하기까지 한다. 성의 문제에 있어 남녀 간에 차별적인 사회의 윤리관에 맞선다는 측면에서 최선희의 반항의식은 진보적으로 보이지만, 그녀가 의도적으로 남성들을 모방하는 듯한 행위는 오히려 그릇된 남성적 기준을 그대로 받아들이는 셈이 된다. 린리즈는 활발하게 정치적 활동에 참여하며 여성의 ‘몸’을 통해 남성으로부터 권리를 되찾자고 분투한다. 여성이 스스로 자신의 권익을 실현하기 어려웠고, 사회적으로 남녀 관계에 있어 종속적인 위치에 놓여있던 기존의 인식을 전복한다는 측면에서 린리즈의 적극적인 정치 행보는 진보적 의의를 지니지만, 그녀 역시 여성의 신체가 상품으로 작동하는 상황을 타파하지는 못한다. Both The Butterfly in the Dust by the Korean writer, Eun Hee-kyung and Beigang Incense and Burner of Lust by the Taiwanese writer Li Ang, are novelettes that convey the idea of women's subjective consciousness by writing extensively on the subject of female-desire. The heroines Choi Seon-hee and Lin Lizi in those works, advocate the upcoming sexual rights and a beginning of the idea allowing women to gain control of their bodies, regardless of the opinion of the society and the people around them. Choi Seon-hee had an unrestrained and free attitude towards sex in the book. She also wrote an essay about the complex sexual relationship between a woman and several men. Choi Seon-hee's rebellious consciousness has a huge impact on deconstructing the ethics through which the society differentiates men and women when it comes to sexual problems, and the societal allowances afforded to each sex in the resolving of those problems. Nonetheless, by deliberately reproducing male's behavior means an affirmation on male's societal standards. Lin Lizi actively participated in politics, preaching openely for women to seize their personal power back from the men who oppressed them. In the subversion of women's previous absence or subordinate status, Lin's initiative was considered as progressive. Yet, she failed to make a break in the hopes of influencing the differences of thought regarding the situation of a woman's body as an object as seen in the eyes of men.

박완서의 『엄마의 말뚝』과 홍잉의 『굶주린 여자』 비교 연구

신춘란申春蘭(Shen, Chun-lan),조영준曺榮晙(Jo, Young-Joon) 동덕여자대학교 인문과학연구소 2017 人文科學硏究 Vol.24 No.-

한국 작가 박완서의 [엄마의 말뚝]과 중국 작가 홍잉의 [굶주린 여자]는 일인칭화자인 딸의 시각에서 어머니의 삶을 비롯한 한 시대의 수난사를 보여주는 성장소설이다. 이 논문은 우선 두 작품 속 모녀상을 통해 질곡의 역사와 수난의 시대를 서술하는 과정에서, 작품 속 여성들이 남성의 부재로 인해 느끼는 불안정성을 분석한다. 여성의 불안정성은 그녀들의 공간으로 표상된다. 어머니와 딸의 관계에서는 딸이어머니의 행동과 가치관에 거부감을 느끼지만, 다른 면에서는 어느 정도의 연대의식도 확인할 수 있다. 마지막으로 본 논문에서 주목한 것은 여성이 근대화로 향하는 과정에서 선택한 상이한 대응 방식이다. [엄마의 말뚝]에서 어머니는 전근대/비문명적 공간으로 상징되는 시골을 떠나 신여성/문명의 공간으로 상징되는 서울을 선택하였다는 점에서 진보적인 의의를 지닌다. 하지만 신여성으로 향하며 근 대적 자아 정체성을 확립하는 과정에서 어머니는 허영과 모순을 완전히 제거하지못한다. [굶주린 여자]에서 여주인공 류류는 가정에서의 애정 결핍을 성적 행위로의 이탈을 통해 메우려고 시도한다. 아버지와 어머니의 사랑을 받지 못한 류류는 아버지와 동일시했던 역사 선생님과의 사랑을 통해 자아 정체성을 추구한다. 류류의 근대화 과정에서는 타인에 의존하여 자기 정체성을 확립하고자 하는 점에서한계를 보이지만, 최종적으로는 글쓰기를 통한 자아 구원의 방식을 선택한다.

Differential Diagnosis of Brain Diseases Using In Vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 3Tesla : A Preliminary Study

Yu-Lan Shen,강형근,김태훈,Hyeong-Jung Kim,Thirunavukkarasu Sundaram,정광우 한국자기공명학회 2009 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of in vivo 3T 1H MRS with short TE for prescreening various brain diseases. Together with ten normal volunteers, 12 brain tumor patients(2 lymphomas, 5 malignant gliomas) and 5(benign meningiomas) and 10 brain ischemic disease patients(6 acute and 4 subacute infarctions) participated. Lymphomas showed increased intensities of Cho and Lac. Likewise, gliomas showed increased Cho and Lac, but with decreased NAA and β•γ-Glx; in higher grade of gliomas, Lac, Cho, mI and Lip predominantly increased with decrease of NAA. Benign meningiomas showed increased Cho, Lac and β•γ-Glx with decrease of NAA. The alanine peak at 1.47 ppm is a neuronal marker for meningiomas. Infarctions showed increased Lac and Lip and decreased NAA, α-Glx and β•γ-Glx where Lac increased with decrease of α-Glx in acute, and Cho, Lac and Lip increased with decrease of NAA in subacute. Elevated Lac and decreased NAA levels were more aggravated in subacute. Clinical application of the 1H MRS with short TE at 3T is able to povide valuable spectral information for prescreening various brain diseases by monitoring the changes of disease-specific cerebral metabolite concentrations in vivo, and consequently, it can be applicable to assessment of differential diagnosis and malignancy as well.

리앙 문학에 나타난 정치 폭력 속 약소자의 모습과 저항 방식 : 『北港香爐人人插를 중심으로

신춘란(Shen, Chun Lan),조영준(Jo, Young Joon) 순천향대학교 인문과학연구소 2017 순천향 인문과학논총 Vol.36 No.3

1980년대 독재 통치의 종식과 함께 개방의 시대로 들어선 타이완에서는 역사의 진실에 대한 폭로가 정치문학이라는 장르를 통해 주목받기 시작했다. 그 외 1970년대부터 싹트기 시작했던 신여성주의 사조의 발전과 더불어 1990년대 리앙은 ‘젠더 문제와 정치사건’을 결합한 소설들을 발표했다. 그 대표작인 北港香 爐人人插 (1997)에는 1947년에 일어난 2ㆍ28사건과 1979년 대검거 사건을 배경으로 정치 운동에서 불행을 겪은 다수의 여성들과 성적 소수자가 등장한다. 본 논문에서는 타이완 정치 운동에서 약소자들의 억압이 어디에서 비롯되었는지, 또 그들이 택한 저항의 방식은 어떠하였는지를 분석한다. 민주화 운동에서 남성을 대신한 여성들은 과감하게 자신들의 욕구를 표현하며, 자신의 신체에 대한 소유권을 되찾고 권리를 쟁취하고자 한다. 이러한 시도는 여성들이 민주화 운동의 폭력에 직접적으로 저항한 의미를 지닌다. 여성 외에 남 성 동성애자 역시 독재 체제와 민주화 운동의 폭력으로부터 피해를 받은 약소자 그룹이다. 독재 체제의 피해와 민주화 운동이 적극적으로 벌어지는 사회에서 역시 폭력적이고 차별적인 시선을 받은 동성애자 남성은 메이크업이 라는 행위를 통해 자기 자신을 인정하고 그 성적 정체성을 밝히려고 한다. 이처럼 리앙의 문학에서는 정치 운동 속에서 약소자들의 모습을 부각시켜 독재 체제를 비판하는 동시에 민주화 운동의 아이러니를 폭로한다. With the termination of dictatorship in the 1980s, Taiwan finally opened the door towards a democratic society and political literature started to get the spotlight as the historic truth started to get exposed. In addition, with the budding of the new feminism trend since 1970, Li Ang published novels which combine the gender problem with the political events in the 1990s. One of her representative works is Beigang Incense Burner of Lust (1997), in which many women and sexual minorities appear and suffer a lot in the political movement on the background of the Feb. 28 event, which occurred in 1947, and the big arrest event, which happened in 1979. This paper analyzes how the suppression of the weak people started in the Taiwanese political movement and what kind of resistance method they adopted against it. In the democratization movement, the women bravely express their demands, and fight for their rights. Their efforts have the implication that the women directly resisted against the violence in the democratization movement. Besides women, the male homosexuals are also weak people who suffered a lot in the violence in the dictatorship system and the democratization movement. In the society where there are a lot of damages from the dictatorship system, causing active movement for democratization, the male homosexuals who suffer from violence and discrimination try to recognize themselves through the act of make-up in order to expose their sexual orientation. As such, in Li Ang’s literature, the weak people in the political movement appear in order to criticize the dictatorship system and expose the irony of the democratization movement at the same time.

Pyranocoumarin의 환형성에서의 위치선택성을 이용한 Libanotin A의 합성법 연구

심유란 ( Liu Lan Shen ),정진현 ( Jin Hyun Jeong ),( Fang Tan ) 경희대학교 동서약학연구소 2006 경희약대 논문집 Vol.34 No.1

Diversification Strategy, Ownership Structure, and Financial Crisis: Performance of Chinese Private Firms

Lan Yi,Na Shen,Kevin Au 한국증권학회 2018 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.47 No.1

The relationship between diversification and firm performance varies among institutions and over time. Less is known about the advantageousness of diversification in economy-wide crises, which have occurred frequently in recent years. Using data on nearly 4000 Chinese private companies, we found that diversified firms performed better than focused firms during the recent global financial crisis. The diversification level was positively and linearly related to performance, that is, more diversified firms performed better. Moreover, we found that private firms that are totally owned by the founding owner and his/her family performed worse under crisis.