구기자, 오미자 및 결명자의 아질산염 소거작용

하정욱,황용일,윤이란 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1999 硏究論文集 Vol.17 No.-

기호음료의 재료인 구기자, 오미자, 및 결명자 등으로부터 물 추출물과 메탄올 추출물을 조제한 다음, phenol 화합물의 함량, 전자공여작용 및 아질산염 소거작용 등을 관찰하고, 이들 요인 간의 상관관계를 검토하였다. 추출물 중 오미자와 결명자의 메탄올 추출물이 비교적 높은 전자공여작용을 나타내었고, 방향족 화합물의 함량은 결명자>구기자>오미자의 순이었다. 물추출물의 아질산염 소거작용은 pH 1.2에서 구기자가 85.61%로 가장 현저하였고, 소거율은 구기자>오미자>결명자의 순이었으며, pH의존적으로 감소하였다. 메탄올 추출물의 아질산염 소거작용은 pH 1.2에서 구기자 96.03%. 결명자 89.38%. 및 오미자 87.23%로 매우 높은 소거율을 보였으며, pH 증가시 급격하게 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 그리고. 아질산염 소거작용과의 상관관계면에서 전자공여작용은 비교적 낮은 상관계수를 나타내었고, 방향족 화합물은 낮은 pH에서는 비교적 높은 값을 보였으나, pH 6.0에서는 상관관계를 거의 볼 수 없었다. 그리고 전반적으로 메탄올 추출물이 물 추출물에 비해 높은 아질산염 소거율을 유지하였다. This study was conducted to investigate the content of phenolic compounds, electron donating ability(EDA) and nitrite scavenging ability of water extracts and methanol extracts from Lycium chinese Mill Shizanda chinensis Baillon, and Cassia tora L. Methanol extracts from Shizandra chinensis Baillon showed comparatively higher EDA, and the content of phenolic compounds was in the sequence of Cassia tora L.>Lycium chinense Mill>Schizandra chinensis Baillon. The nitrite scavenging ability of water extracts from Lycium chinense Mill showed higher ratio of 85.61% than Shizandra chinensis Baillon and Cassia tora L. at pH 1.2, and decreased remarkably in the higher range of pH. The nitrite scavenging ratios of methanol extracts were 96.03% of Lycium chinense Mill, 89.30% of Cassia tora L. and 87.23% of Shizandra chinensis Baillon and the decreasing tendency was clearly pH-dependent. Generally methanol extracts showed higher coefficients than water extracts and the content of phenolic compounds had higher coefficients at lower pH range against nitrite scavenging ability.

육제품 중 아질산염 잔류량과 몇 가지 농산물의 질산염 함량

하정욱,이승철,윤이란 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1998 硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

식육 햄, 식육 소시지 및 어육 소시지 등의 시료를 각각 15개씩 취하여 아질산염 잔류량을 정량하고, 또한 구기자, 오미자, 결명자, 시금치, 오렌지, 피망, 고추, 마늘 및 레몬 등의 몇가지 농산물을 구입하여 질산염의 함량을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 즉, 육제품의 경우 아질산염 잔류량은 식육 햄 12.8∼32.85 ppm, 식육 소시지 1.12∼14.71 ppm 및 어육 소시지 0.02∼0.45 ppm으로 식육 제품은 큰 변동치를 보였으나 어육 제품은 상당히 낮은 수준의 잔유량을 나타내었다. 한편 어육 소시지 15개 시료 중 8개 시료에서는 아질산염이 검출되지 않았다. 농산물 시료 중의 질산염 함량은 구기자 10,347 ppm(건물기준), 피망 7,236 ppm, 결명자 5,820 ppm(건물기준), 오렌지 4,152 ppm으로 유럽의 기준치 (1500∼3500 ppm)보다 많았으며, 나머지는 오미자 2,910 ppm, 시금치 2,078 ppm, 마늘 1,061 ppm, 고추 575 ppm, 레몬 170 ppm 순이었다. The residues of nitrite in meat products such as meat ham, meat sausage and fish sausages were determined with 15 samples, respectively. And the nitrate content of various agricultural products such gugija (Lycium chinese Mill.), omija(Maximowiczia chinensis Repr.), gyeolmyeongja (Cassia tora L.), spinach, orange, sweet pepper, red pepper, garlic bulb and lemon. The residues of nitrite in meat ham, meat sausage and fish sausage were 12.85∼32.85 ppm, 1.12∼14.71 ppm and 0.02∼0.4 ppm, respectively. The average residual content of nitrite in fish sausage was 0.17±0.13 ppm and was not detected from 7 samples of fish sausage among 15. The respective nitrate content of gugija, gyeolmyeongja and sweet pepper were 10.347 ppm (dry basis ), 5,820 ppm and 7.236 ppm (dry basis) and other results showed 4,152 ppm for orange, 2,910 ppm for omija, 2.78 ppm for spinach, 1,061 ppm for garlic bulb, 575 ppm for red pepper and 170 for lemon.

Taiwanese Mothers` Motivations for Teaching English to Their Young Children at Home

Yi Chen Lan,Jane Torr,Sheila Degotardi 한국아동학회 2012 Child studies in Asia-Pacific context Vol.2 No.2

Research has shown that mothers` attitudes towards early English language and literacy learning are important for children`s English language development. Some researchers have indicated that in Taiwan most parents have a positive attitude towards English instruction and are motivated to teach English at home to their preschoolers. There is, however, little current data available to explain the motivations behind such parents` decisions to teach English to their child in the home before the commencement of formal schooling. We conducted a thematic analysis of the written survey responses of 263 Taiwanese mothers who explained why they taught their preschool children English at home. The findings indicate that English is highly valued for children`s school readiness, future career opportunities, and because of its status as a global language. The mothers` motivations for teaching English include the desire to cultivate the child`s interest, a belief in ``the earlier the better" for second language learning, and a belief in the need to review and practice English. These findings have the potential to inform educational policies and implementation strategies, as they can reveal whether mothers`` motivations align with national priorities for English language education.

Factors Related to the Home Teaching of English Language to Preschool aged Children: A Taiwanese Study

Yi-Chen Lan,Sheila Degotardi,Jane Torr 환태평양유아교육연구학회 2011 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.5 No.2

Issues surrounding the introduction of English as a foreign language (EFL) instruction to children during the early childhood period are subject to much debate. Official government policies may not always reflect actual parental practices. Little is known about the extent to which explicit EFL teaching by mothers occurs in the home context. This study investigated whether Taiwanese mothers of 3 to 6 year old children were teaching EFL to their children at home and the characteristics associated with this practice. A sample of 466 mothers of preschoolers completed a questionnaire identifying their home teaching practices and assessing their attitudes towards teaching EFL. Results indicated a positive trend towards home EFL teaching, with teaching mothers tending to be aged between 30-39 years, more highly educated and more confident about their own English abilities than those who were not teaching. The findings raise significant issues that can inform EFL teaching policy and practice during the early childhood years.

Taiwanese Mothers' Motivations for Teaching English to Their Young Children at Home

Lan, Yi-Chen,Torr, Jane,Degotardi, Sheila Korean Association of Child Studies 2012 Child studies in Asia-Pacific context Vol.2 No.2

Research has shown that mothers' attitudes towards early English language and literacy learning are important for children's English language development. Some researchers have indicated that in Taiwan most parents have a positive attitude towards English instruction and are motivated to teach English at home to their preschoolers. There is, however, little current data available to explain the motivations behind such parents' decisions to teach English to their child in the home before the commencement of formal schooling. We conducted a thematic analysis of the written survey responses of 263 Taiwanese mothers who explained why they taught their preschool children English at home. The findings indicate that English is highly valued for children's school readiness, future career opportunities, and because of its status as a global language. The mothers' motivations for teaching English include the desire to cultivate the child's interest, a belief in 'the earlier the better" for second language learning, and a belief in the need to review and practice English. These findings have the potential to inform educational policies and implementation strategies, as they can reveal whether mothers' motivations align with national priorities for English language education.

Diversification Strategy, Ownership Structure, and Financial Crisis: Performance of Chinese Private Firms

Lan Yi,Na Shen,Kevin Au 한국증권학회 2018 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.47 No.1

The relationship between diversification and firm performance varies among institutions and over time. Less is known about the advantageousness of diversification in economy-wide crises, which have occurred frequently in recent years. Using data on nearly 4000 Chinese private companies, we found that diversified firms performed better than focused firms during the recent global financial crisis. The diversification level was positively and linearly related to performance, that is, more diversified firms performed better. Moreover, we found that private firms that are totally owned by the founding owner and his/her family performed worse under crisis.

Utilization of Single Nodal Cuttings and Therapies for the Eradication of Double-Infected Potato Virus (PLRV, PVY) from In vitro Plantlets of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Yi Lan Fang(방일란),Hak Tae Lim(임학태) 한국원예학회 2005 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2005 No.5

Characterization of free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds, fatty acids, and amino acids in Vitis davidii Foex grape species native to China

Yi-Bin Lan,Xiao-Feng Xiang,Wei-Xi Yang,Bao-Qing Zhu,Hong-Tie Pu,Chang-Qing Duan 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.12

Berries of six Vitis davidii Foex (spine grape)cultivars (‘Baiputao’, ‘Gaoshan 1’, ‘Gaoshan 2’, ‘Seputao’,‘Miputao’, and ‘Tianputao’) were harvested from a commercialvineyard in Hunan Province in China. Free andbound volatile compounds and fatty acids were analyzedby GC–MS, and amino acids were analyzed by HPLC. ‘Tianputao’ and ‘Miputao’ were characterized by relativelyhigher concentrations of aromatic amino acids and lowerconcentrations of branched-chain amino acids. The majorfree volatile compounds of spine grapes were hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, (E)-2-hexenol, (E)-b-damascenone,and benzeneacetaldehyde. The major glycosidically boundvolatile compounds identified were 1-hexanol, menthol,nerol, 1-butanol, 3-methyl-3-butenol, benzenemethanol, bphenylethanol,eugenol, and guaiacol. (E)-b-damascenone,benzeneacetaldehyde, guaiacol, and eugenol had odoractivity values (OAVs)[1 in all cultivar grapes. Partialleast squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed‘Tianputao’ to be distinct from the other cultivars due to itsrelatively higher concentrations of major terpenoids,norisoprenoids, higher alcohols, and aromatic amino acids.

Utilization of Single Nodal Cuttings and Therapies for Eradicating Double-Infected Potato Virus (PLRV, PVY) from In Vitro Plantlets of Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Yi Lan Fang,Shambbu Prasad Dhital,Kui Hua Li,Dong Man Khu,Hae Young Kim,Ye Su Song,Hak Tae Lim 한국원예학회 2005 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.46 No.2

In vitro plantlets of potato genotype ‘F9-99’ infected with PLRV and PVY were used for the virus eradication using heat and chemical treatments. Subculture medium was added with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (10??, 10??, and 10?⁴ M) and ribavirin (10, 15, and 20 ㎎ㆍL?¹) alone or in combinations. The plantlets were incubated at 25℃ (control), and alternating heat treatments 35/30℃ for 1, 4, and 8 h or 42/25℃ for 4 h. Virus status of the plantlets were examined by means of double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. After 4?8 weeks of treatment, 40, 51, 41, 36, and 0% survival were observed in the control (MS and 25℃), ASA plus ribavirin (25℃), MS plus heat treatment (35/30℃), ASA plus ribavirin (35/30℃), and MS medium with heat treatment (42/25℃), respectively. As for virus eradication, heat treatment (35/30℃) with 1 h alternating thermo-cycle resulted in 100% PVY elimination, but it was much more difficult to remove the PLRV from the double-infected potato plantlets with PVY and PLRV. The highest rate of PLRV eradication was 60% from the combined treatment of 10?? M ASA, 20 ㎎ㆍL?¹ ribavirin, and heat treatment at 35/30℃ for 8 h alternating temperature.

Effects of post anneal for the INZO films prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Lan, Wen-How,Li, Yue-Lin,Chung, Yu-Chieh,Yu, Cheng-Chang,Chou, Yi-Chun,Wu, Yi-Da,Huang, Kai-Feng,Chen, Lung-Chien Techno-Press 2014 Advances in nano research Vol.2 No.4

Indium-nitrogen co-doped zinc oxide thin films (INZO) were prepared on glass substrates in the atmosphere by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The aqueous solution of zinc acetate, ammonium acetate and different indium sources: indium (III) chloride and indium (III) nitrate were used as the precursors. After film deposition, different anneal temperature treatment as 350, 450, $550^{\circ}C$ were applied. Electrical properties as concentration and mobility were characterized by Hall measurement. The surface morphology and crystalline quality were characterized by SEM and XRD. With the activation energy analysis for both films, the concentration variation of the films at different heat treatment temperature was realized. Donors correspond to zinc related states dominate the conduction mechanism for these INZO films after $550^{\circ}C$ high temperature heat treatment process.