The Comparative Process of the Embodiment of God: From and Organic Perspective in East and West

신은희 ( Eun Hee Shin ) 경희대학교 글로벌인문학술원 2008 比較文化硏究 Vol.12 No.2

문화는 어떻게 국가의 경계를 넘는가 러시아모더니즘 시 속의 오필리어 -블록, 아흐마토바, 츠베타예바의 오필리어 詩 읽기

안지영 ( Jiyoung Ahn ) 경희대학교 글로벌인문학술원 2015 비교문화연구 Vol.40 No.-

The imagery of Ophelia appeared in Russian literature in the middle of the 19th century. In contrast with Hamlet, whose name had been always in the center of the most intense debates through centuries, Ophelia had been understood relatively monotonously and simply associated with the images of a chaste maiden, a tragic heroine and a devoted lover. Only after the feminist literary criticism shed new light on the complicated inner world of the young girl, the imagery of Ophelia radically changed, and now it is not difficult to encounter various Ophelias on the contemporary stages and culture. In this paper we study the remarkable changes of the imagery of Ophelia in Russian modernism poetry, analysing A. Blok, A, Akhmatova, M. Tsvetaeva’s Ophelia poems. Ophelia in Russian modernism, on the one hand, succeeding to the traditional view on Ophelia in 19th century, assumes interesting new aspects, sometimes preempting feminist point of view.

문화는 어떻게 국가의 경계를 넘는가 21세기 동북아시아의 문화융합과 문화적 취향의 공유 《꽃보다 남자》의 유행 현상을 중심으로

김종수 ( Jongsoo Kim ) 경희대학교 글로벌인문학술원 2015 비교문화연구 Vol.40 No.-

This article aims at exploring the convergence and sharing of cultural tastes among Northeast Asian countries by analyzing TV drama “Boys over flower”, based on the original Japanese manga and produced in Korea, China, Japan and Taiwan in the 21st century. It explores the expectation and desire of the mass who have taken pleasure in watching it in each country as well. This article argues that the sharing of the sensitivities and tastes of young women, the main consumer of the drama, by the mass of the four countries, are an important cultural phenomenon in that it reveals the emergence of “girl” as an active cultural consumer, who had been the object of a restraint and strict protection of the bourgeois family structure.

문화는 어떻게 국가의 경계를 넘는가 한중 소화(笑話) 속의 비유표현과 일본소화 속의 미타테(見立て)기법의 비교고찰

금영진 ( Youngjin Keum ) 경희대학교 글로벌인문학술원 2015 비교문화연구 Vol.40 No.-

A kite in Japanese is the octopus. The reason is that when they saw the tail of the kite, they remembered the foot of octopus. And this kinds of associative action is called a mitate(見立て) in Japanese. Mitate is similar to metaphor, but these two concepts are somewhat different in causing laugh. Korean and Chinese comedic story``s metaphor cause laugh by similarity of two things, but Japanese comedic story``s mitate cause laugh by dissimilarity of two things. Chinese and Korean comedic stories focus on 90%``s similarity of two things, but Japanese comedic stories focus on 10%``s dissimilarity of two things. So, in this paper, I tried to consider the mitate of comedic stories of East Asia, and I found that there are the following three features. First, we can see the tendency of Chinese and Korean comedic stories‘s mitate concern on the human body``s physical weakness. But, Japanese comedic stories subject to not the human body``s physical weakness but the human``s professional or identification temperament. Second, East Asian``s comedic stories mitate which related character and word play came from the method of decomposition of Chinese characters, for that area``s people have used Chinese characters for a long time. However, there are different cases in Japanese comedic story``s Chinese characters mitate, where that characters mitate is combined with two different type``s characters, for example, to associate one Chinese character and another Japanese characters, hiragana or katakana. Third, there are next type``s mitate which came from misunderstanding of Chinese characters, it can be seen in Chinese and Korean comedic stories. Perhaps, this pattern related with Chinese three syllable``s character pattern, which is a Chinese traditional word and character play.

문화는 어떻게 국가의 경계를 넘는가 디스토피아와 유토피아 사이 -코멕 매카시의 『더 로드』와 존 쿳시의 『예수의 어린시절』 비교연구

전소영 ( Soyoung Jeon ) 경희대학교 글로벌인문학술원 2015 비교문화연구 Vol.40 No.-

Both Plato and More imagined alternative ways of organizing society. What is common to both authors, then, is the fact that they resorted to fiction to discuss other options. They differed, however, in the way they presented that fiction. The concept of utopia is no doubt an attribute of modern thought, and one of its most visible consequences. But one of the main features of utopia as a literary genre is its relationship with reality. Utopists depart from the observation of the society they live in, note down the aspects that need to be changed and imagine a place where those problems have been solved. After the two World Wars, the twentieth century was predominantly characterized by man``s disappointment at the perception of his own nature. In this context, utopian ideals seemed absurd and the floor was inevitably left to dystopian discourse. Both The Road by Cormac MacCarthy and The Childhood of Jesus by J. M. Coetzee can be called critical dystopia and critical utopia as they represent the imaginary place and time that author intended a contemporaneous reader to view as better or worse than contemporary society but with difficult problems that the described society may or may not be able to solve. As a changed adventure narrative, they have something in common like open ending, father and son relationship and religious allegory. But the most important thing is that they express the utopian impulse that is still energetic and transforming in the post-modern society.

A Comparative Study in bilingual speech of Persian/English and Korean/English code-switching and Light verb constructions

( Lan Kim ) 경희대학교 글로벌인문학술원 2009 비교문화연구 Vol.24 No.-

우ㆍ러 전쟁 및 나토 관련 환구시보 사설 비교를 통한 비판적 담화분석: 나토의 “北约亚太化” 對 중국의 “引狼入室”

최태훈 ( Choi Tae-hoon ) 경희대학교 글로벌인문학술원 2022 비교문화연구 Vol.67 No.-

이 연구는 비판적 담화분석(CDA, Critical Discourse Analysis) 방법론을 기반으로 우ㆍ러 전쟁 국면에서 미국과 나토가 제기한 ‘중국 위협론’이 환구시보 사설에 의해 ‘나토 위협론’으로 전이된 담화 실천 양상을 탐구하였다. 우ㆍ러 전쟁 발발 직후의 사설 1편과 ‘나토(北约)’가 제목에 언급된 4편의 사설을 핵심 분석 대상으로 선별하였다. 연구 문제는 첫째, 우ㆍ러 전쟁 국면에서 환구시보 사설이 어떻게 미ㆍ나토 국가들을 공개적으로 비난하는지 기술하고 해석한다. 둘째, 환구시보 사설이 우ㆍ러 전쟁의 원인을 미ㆍ나토에게 책임 전가하는 방식을 분석한다. 셋째, 나토의 아ㆍ태화 전략에 맞서 환구시보 사설이 나토와 관련 국가들을 분열시켜 각개격파하는 담화 질서 형성 과정을 설명한다. 그 결과 이 연구는 나토의 “北约亚太化” 전략에 맞선 중국의 “引狼入室” 대항 이데올로기 구축 과정을 보여준다. 환구시보가 사설을 통해 담화 질서를 구축하는 사회ㆍ문화 관행은 미ㆍ중 갈등 구조가 우ㆍ러 전쟁 국면에서 미ㆍ나토 對 중ㆍ러 갈등으로 확장되는 양상을 드러낸다. This study applying Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) analyzed the discourse practices in which the “China Threat” raised by the United States. and NATO in the face of the Ukraine-Russia War has been transferred to the “NATO Threat” by the Global Times editorials. The five editorials of the Global Times related to “China Threat” and “NATO’s Asia-Pacific Expansion” addressed by United States and NATO were selected as sources for target analysis. First, this study described and interpreted the ways in which the editorials publicly named and shamed the United States and NATO countries during the war. Second, the features and aspects for which the editorials blamed the U.S. and NATO were analyzed, not because Russia invaded Ukraine but because the United States and NATO started the war. Third, the Chinese strategy that aims to divide and conquer NATO and related countries separately through the editorials against NATO's Asia-Pacific Expansion were explained. The results revealed the processes in which China has constructed counter-ideology, “Inviting the Wolf into the Room” against NATO’s Asia-Pacific Expansion. The social and cultural practices that have constructed the orders of discourse in the editorials display the patterns that the United States vs. China conflict has expanded through the Ukraine-Russia war to the U.S.-NATO vs. China-Russia conflict.

타인의 고통에 대한 공감교육이 왜 혐오전성시대에 자기배려와 연결되는가

김미정 ( Kim Mijeong ) 경희대학교 글로벌인문학술원 2021 비교문화연구 Vol.64 No.-

본 논문은 프랑스 철학자 미셸 푸코(Michel Foucault)가 말년에 천착했던 “자기에의 배려”(the care of the self)를 기본 화두로 삼아 그것이 어떻게 사회에 만연한 혐오정서를 극복하고 인권감수성을 회복하는 경청, 공감, 소통이 있는 (인)문학 교육으로 연관될 수 있는지 고찰해보고자 한다. 특히 특정 문학작품읽기를 통해 왜 공감이 어려운지, 타인의 고통에 대한 재현은 왜 문제적인지, 그럼에도 불구하고 왜 공감교육이 필요하며, 그것이 소위 혐오 전성시대에 왜 ‘자기배려’로 연결되는지 살펴볼 것이다. 범박하게 요약하자면, ‘타자를 어떻게 대할까?’라는 질문이 곧 ‘인간을 어떻게 대할까?’의 문제로 연결되는 것이고, 이는 곧 ‘인간이 인간이기 위해서는 어째서 인간다워야 하는가?’라는 ‘인간다움’에 대한 성찰로 이어지기 때문이다. 이것이 푸코가 천착한 고대 그리스, 로마의 주체화 방식, 즉, ‘나는 누구인가’라는 인식론적 문제에 머물지 않고 ‘나는 무엇을 어떻게 하고 있는가, 나를 무엇으로 구축해야 하는가’ 하는 주체에 대한 실천적 이해를 도모했던 그리스, 로마사상가들의 ‘(윤리적) 자기 배려(epimeleia heautou: 너의 영혼을 돌보라)’와 ‘자기 실천’에 어째서 부합하는지는 자명하다. 공감교육의 최종목표가 결국 푸코의 ‘자기 배려’의 맥락에서 말하자면, 시민 개개인이 스스로를 윤리적 주체로 구성해나가는 ‘자기구성’(혹은, ‘자기변형’)을 통해 타자와의 관계(들) 또한 윤리적으로 재-구축하는 기반을 마련하고 훈련하는 것이기 때문이다. This paper examined how “the care of the self,” which French philosopher Michel Foucault pursued in his later years, can be related to the literary education by which we teach listening, empathy, and communication to overcome the hateful sentiments prevalent in our society and restore human rights sensitivity. In particular, this paper examined why empathy is difficult, why it is problematic in representing the pain of others, and nevertheless, why empathy education is necessary, and why it leads to “the care of the self” in the so-called era of hate. In short, the question “how to treat the other” leads to the question of “how to treat humans,” and “what is humanity?” reflecting on “why do humans have to be human in order to be like a human?” Why this corresponds to the (ethical) care of the self (epimeleia heautou: take care of your soul) and “self-practice” in Foucaultian terms, is self-evident, as those Greek and Roman thinkers sought practical understanding of the subject by asking “what and how am I doing?” and “what should I build myself into?” rather than dwelling on the epistemological question of “who am I?” In the context of Foucaultian, the care of the self, which is the ultimate goal of empathy education, is to form the groundwork for ethically re-establishing relationship(s) with others through self-construction (or self-transformation), in which individual citizens constitute themselves as ethical subjects.

죽음을 향한 모던 오디세이: 열차와 이민의 비극

이은아 ( Lee Euna ) 경희대학교 글로벌인문학술원 2022 비교문화연구 Vol.67 No.-

본고에서는 미국의 멕시코와 중앙아메리카 이민사에서 큰 변화를 드러낸 세 번의 기간, 즉, 1930년대 송환 시대, 브라세로 종료 이후, 2010년대의 난민 위기 시기에 화물 열차로 인한 죽음과 그 재현 방식이 어떻게 변화하는지 분석한다. 열차는 이주자에게 실제적이자 은유적인 죽음을 초래한다. 이런 위험을 열차의 동일성, 이동성, 속도의 관점에서 접근해 보고자 한다. 근대성의 도구이자 상징이었던 기차는 이민자들에게 상실과 환멸의 기제로 다가온다. 엄격한 동일성, 자유로운 이동, 빠른 속도가 만드는 문명의 편리함과는 별개로 열차는 폭력적이고 착취적인 방식으로 이용되며, 이는 세대를 달리하는 역사적 시기에 반복해서 일어난다. 이 글에서 다루는 세 작품, 에드문도 파스 솔단의 『노르테 Norte』, 발레리아 루이셀리의 『잃어버린 아이들을 위한 아카이브 Lost Children Archive』와 로버트 영의 < 알람브리스타 Alambrista >는, 기차와 철로가 국가의 생명 정치의 권력과 자본주의의 축적 논리를 어떻게 행사하는지 시각적으로 보여준다. 각 작품은 이동성의 개념을 통해 강제성이라는 아이러니를 드러낸다. 또한 느린 속도가 파생하는 폭력성을 부각함으로써 화물 열차라는 낙후된 수단이 착취 경제에 이롭다는 모순적 현실을 보여준다. 이 작품들은 폭력에 노출된 이민자들의 광기와 감금, 취약성과 불안함을 실존적 차원으로 확장함으로써 기차를 통한 이주 과정의 내러티브가 죽음을 향한 모던 오디세이로 읽히도록 만든다. This article analyzed the ways in which the representation of death due to the operation of trains changes in response to three periods that marked large fluctuations in immigration flows from Mexico and Central America. It aims to reveal that the violence of the train that causes immediate or consequential death of the migrants can also be approached from the perspective of mobility, identicality, and speed. In this study, the contradictory experiences with trains that go against their nature and purpose are transformed into the violence of the train, which recurs throughout many historical periods. The three works studied in this article, such as Norte by Edmundo Paz Soldán and Lost Children Archive by Valeria Luiselli, and the movie ‘Alambrista’ by Robert Young, reveal how trains as a space along with the rail tracks demonstrate the biological power of the state and the capitalistic logic of accumulation through exploit, repression, mobility, and speed. Each work revealed how the free mobility was ironically cooperative with the violence of forced migration and how a slow mode of freight train, rather than a fast vehicle, was paradoxically beneficial in an economy of exploitation. Ultimately, this study examined how the voices of the authors deepened the madness, imprisonment, vulnerability, and insecurity, expanding them to a more existential level, making the train journeys resemble a modern odyssey to death.

Greeting in Korean Culture

( Jee Won Hahn ) 경희대학교 글로벌인문학술원 2009 비교문화연구 Vol.24 No.-