Larvicidal activity of <i>Cnidium monnieri</i> fruit coumarins and structurally related compounds against insecticide‐susceptible and insecticide‐resistant <i>Culex pipiens pallens</i> and <i>Aedes aegypti</i>

Wang, Zhangqian,Kim, Jun‐,Ran,Wang, Mo,Shu, Shaohua,Ahn, Young‐,Joon John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2012 Pest Management Science Vol.68 No.7

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND:</B> An assessment was made of the toxicity of imperatorin and osthole identified in <I>Cnidium monnieri</I> fruit, 11 related compounds and five insecticides to larvae from insecticide‐susceptible <I>Culex pipiens pallens</I> (KS‐CP strain) and <I>Aedes aegypti</I> and wild <I>C</I>.<I>p</I>. <I>pallens</I> (YS‐CP colony) using a direct‐contact mortality bioassay. Results were compared with those of the conventional larvicide temephos.</P><P><B>RESULTS:</B> Imperatorin (LC<SUB>50</SUB> = 3.14 and 2.88 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP>) was 1.9‐, 3.7‐ and 4.2‐fold and 2.4‐, 4.5‐ and 4.6‐fold more toxic than isopimpinellin, isoimperatorin and osthole against susceptible <I>C. p. pallens</I> and <I>A. aegypti</I> larvae respectively. Overall, all of the compounds were less toxic than temephos (0.011 and 0.019 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP>). The toxicity of these compounds was virtually identical against larvae from the two <I>Culex</I> strains, even though YS‐CP larvae were resistant to fenthion (resistance ratio RR = 390), deltamethrin (RR = 164), cyfluthrin (RR = 14) and temephos (RR = 14). This finding indicates that the coumarins and the insecticides do not share a common mode of action. The structure–activity relationship indicates that the chemical structure and alkoxy substitution and length of the alkoxyl side chain at the C8 position are essential for imparting toxicity.</P><P><B>CONCLUSION:</B> The <I>C. monnieri</I> fruit‐derived coumarins and the related coumarins described merit further study as potential insecticides or lead molecules for the control of insecticide‐resistant mosquito populations. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Purification and Identification of a Natural Antioxidant Protein from Fertilized Eggs

Shaohua Yang,Lulu Wang,Ying Wang,Xiaoqian Ou,Zhaoyuan Shi,Chongchong Lu,Wei Wang,Guoqing Liu 한국축산식품학회 2017 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.37 No.5

Fertilized hen eggs are rich in a variety of bioactive ingredients. In this study, we aimed to obtain an antioxidant protein from fertilized eggs and the radical scavenging abilities on 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion (O2-•) were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the purified protein. During 20 d of incubation, the radical scavenging ability of protein extracted from fertilized eggs exhibited significantly differences and the protein on day 16 showed higher antioxidant capacity. Based on this, the antioxidant protein of the samples on day 16 were isolated for the follow-up study. With a molecular weight 43.22 kDa, the antioxidant protein was purified by Diethylaminoethyl cellulose -52 (DEAE-52) column and Sephadex G-100. The LC-MS analysis showed that the purified protein molecular weight was 43.22 kDa, named D2-S. The sequence of amino acids was highly similar to ovalbumin and the coverage reached to 84%. The purified protein showed a radical scavenging rate of 52.34±3.27% on DPPH and 63.49±0.25% on •OH, respectively. Furthermore, the C-terminal amino acid sequence was NAVLFFGRCVSP, which was consistent with the sequence of ovabumin. These results here indicated that purified protein may be a potential resource as a natural antioxidant.

Deep Learning Driven Human Posture Location in Physical Education Teaching

Shaohua Wang,Wanli Shi 한국멀티미디어학회 2024 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.11 No.1

The study of human posture is widely applied in physical education teaching, human motion recognition, and other aspects. With the rise of online teaching, the lack of convenient physical education teaching methods has been able to improve. However, due to the complex structure of human body, the study of human posture is a hard problem of consciousness problem in the area of computer vision. This article mainly studies human posture research algorithms based on deep learning. It uses 101-layer network of ResNet to detect the key points of human body in the image and obtains the categories and coordinates of these key points. In this article, a 101-layer network of ResNet model is constructed to fully learn the visual features of key points in human posture. Secondly, the key point location loss function is improved, and the human posture research is realized by using huber loss function instead of mean square error (MSE) loss function. Finally, experimental analysis shows that compared to traditional integral pose regression (IPR) and location adaptive integral pose regression (LAIPR), the use of ResNet based human posture estimation method for human posture recognition improves precision. It has practical significance for physical education teaching applications.

Purification and Characterization of an Antioxidant Protein from Fertilized Eggs

Shaohua Yang,Zhengjiang Tang,ShanShan Tang,Tingfang Zhang,Fei Tang,Yu Wu,Ying Wang,Lulu Wang,Guoqing Liu 한국축산식품학회 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.6

Free radicals may attack cells or tissue, leading to chronic diseases, and antioxidant consumption is potentially useful for removing free radicals. Egg proteins may be used as potential sources of antioxidant considering their ability of scavenging free radicals to apply for food or cosmetics industry. In this study, we obtained a natural antioxidant protein from fertilized eggs, which was a dietary supplement in some Asian countries. Meanwhile, antioxidant activities of these proteins were evaluated using different oxidation systems. With increasing incubation time, the antioxidant activity of these proteins increased during 15 d of incubation. The samples on day 15 were performed for isolation of antioxidant protein. The protein, named P4-1 (MW, 45 kDa), was isolated and purified by consecutive chromatographic methods. P4-1 contained 17 amino acids, which was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and Amino Acid Analyzer. Moreover, the amino acid sequence was highly similar to that of ovalbumin. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the denaturation temperature of P4-1 was 57.16ºC. Furthermore, P4-1 suggested high oxygen radical-absorbance activity in ·OH assays, and its antioxidant activity was stable at 30-50ºC in acidic and neutral pH. Thus, these results revealed that P4-1 may be a potential resource as a natural antioxidant.

Larvicidal activity of <i>Magnolia denudata</i> seed hydrodistillate constituents and related compounds and liquid formulations towards two susceptible and two wild mosquito species

Wang, Zhang‐,qian,Perumalsamy, Haribalan,Wang, Mo,Shu, Shaohua,Ahn, Young‐,Joon John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2016 Pest Management Science Vol.72 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P><I>Anopheles sinensis</I>, <I>Aedes aegypti</I> and <I>Aedes albopictus</I> and <I>Culex pipiens pallens</I> mosquitoes transmit malaria, dengue fever and West Nile virus diseases respectively. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of 17 constituents from <I>Magnolia denudata</I> seed hydrodistillate (MD‐SHD) and four experimental MD‐SHD liquid formulations (10–50 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> liquid) to third‐instar larvae from insecticide‐susceptible <I>Cx. p. pallens</I> and <I>Ae. aegypti</I> as well as wild <I>Ae. albopictus</I> and <I>An. sinensis</I>.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>2,4‐Di‐<I>tert</I>‐butylphenol was the most toxic constituent (LC<SUB>50</SUB> 1.98–3.90 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP>), followed by linoleic acid (7.19–10.49 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP>), towards larvae of the four mosquito species. High toxicity was also produced by nerolidol, (±)‐limonene, <I>α</I>‐terpinene and <I>γ</I>‐terpinene (LC<SUB>50</SUB> 9.84–36.42 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP>). The toxicity of these compounds was virtually identical towards larvae of the four mosquito species, even though <I>An. sinensis</I> larvae were resistant to deltamethrin and temephos. The MS‐SHD 50 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> liquid resulted in 92–100% control towards larvae of the four mosquito species, while commercial temephos 200 g L<SUP>−1</SUP> emulsifiable concentrate was almost ineffective towards <I>An. sinensis</I> larvae (30% mortality).</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P>Reasonable mosquito control in the aquatic environment can be achieved by MD‐SHD 50 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> liquid as a potential larvicide. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Purification and Characterization of an Antioxidant Protein from Fertilized Eggs

Yang, Shaohua,Tang, Zhengjiang,Tang, ShanShan,Zhang, Tingfang,Tang, Fei,Wu, Yu,Wang, Ying,Wang, Lu Lu,Liu, Guoqing Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.6

Free radicals may attack cells or tissue, leading to chronic diseases, and antioxidant consumption is potentially useful for removing free radicals. Egg proteins may be used as potential sources of antioxidant considering their ability of scavenging free radicals to apply for food or cosmetics industry. In this study, we obtained a natural antioxidant protein from fertilized eggs, which was a dietary supplement in some Asian countries. Meanwhile, antioxidant activities of these proteins were evaluated using different oxidation systems. With increasing incubation time, the antioxidant activity of these proteins increased during 15 d of incubation. The samples on day 15 were performed for isolation of antioxidant protein. The protein, named P4-1 (MW, 45 kDa), was isolated and purified by consecutive chromatographic methods. P4-1 contained 17 amino acids, which was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and Amino Acid Analyzer. Moreover, the amino acid sequence was highly similar to that of ovalbumin. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the denaturation temperature of P4-1 was $57.16^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, P4-1 suggested high oxygen radical-absorbance activity in ${\cdot}OH$ assays, and its antioxidant activity was stable at $30-50^{\circ}C$ in acidic and neutral pH. Thus, these results revealed that P4-1 may be a potential resource as a natural antioxidant.

Load of Ag3PO4 Particles on Sulfonated Polyphenylene Sulfide Superfine Fibre with High Visible-light Photocatalytic Activity

Pei Wang,Chenchen He,Lingquan Hu,Shaohua Chen,Xianze Yin,Jing Xu,Luoxin Wang,Hua Wang 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.7

Ag3PO4 was loaded on sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide (SPPS) superfine fibre by a facile precipitation method. Both the structure and properties of the as-synthesized Ag3PO4/SPPS composites were characterized via XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS, FTIR, and UV-vis. The photocatalytic performance of Ag3PO4/SPPS composites was investigated via degradation of Methylene blue(MB) solution under visible light irradiation. The degradation results revealed that the photocatalytic activity of Ag3PO4/SPPS composites was greatly enhanced by the incorporation of Ag3PO4 with SPPS superfine fibre. For concentrations of AgNO3 and Na2HPO4 solutions of 0.3 M and 0.06 M in the preparation process, the Ag3PO4/SPPS composite showed higher photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation.

Functional Analysis of Wheat TaPaO1 Gene Conferring Pollen Sterility Under Low Temperature

Changping Zhao,Guoliang Yuan,Yukun Wang,Shaohua Yuan,Peng Wang,Wenjing Duan,Jianfang Bai,Hui Sun,Na Wang,Fengting Zhang,Liping Zhang 한국식물학회 2018 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.61 No.1

Thermosensitive male sterility plays an important role in wheat fertility and production. As a key enzyme for chlorophyll degradation, pheophorbide a oxygenase (PaO) can suppress cell death in plants. We cloned the wheat gene TaPaO1 from the thermosensitive genetic male sterile (TGMS) line BS366; it encodes a typical PaO protein, containing a conserved Rieske [2Fe-2S] iron–sulphur motif, a mononuclear non-heme iron-binding motif, and a C-terminal CxxC motif. TaPaO1 was expressed in all tissues and was upregulated during the meiosis stage of BS366 anthers under low temperature. Subcellular localization of TaPaO1 specifically labelled the surrounding of chloroplasts. TaPaO1 regulated by RD29A promoter which responded to low temperature led to pollen sterility in transgenic tobacco. Expression analysis showed that TaPaO1 exhibited a higher level of expression in the anther than in other tissues in transgenic tobacco plants during low temperature treatment. We propose that the higher senescence-related activity of TaPaO1 may lead to the cell death of anthers, which happens at an early developmental stage under low temperature. These results provide new insights into the function of PaO during the early developmental stage of anthers. PaO is closely related to cell death regardless of whether it exhibits increased activity or inactive.

(Semi)ladder-Type Bithiophene Imide-Based All-Acceptor Semiconductors: Synthesis, Structure-Property Correlations, and Unipolar n-Type Transistor Performance

Wang, Yingfeng,Guo, Han,Harbuzaru, Alexandra,Uddin, Mohammad Afsar,Arrechea-Marcos, Iratxe,Ling, Shaohua,Yu, Jianwei,Tang, Yumin,Sun, Huiliang,Ló,pez Navarrete, Juan Teodomiro,Ortiz, Rocio Ponce American Chemical Society 2018 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.140 No.19

<P>Development of high-performance unipolar n-type organic semiconductors still remains as a great challenge. In this work, all-acceptor bithiophene imide-based ladder-type small molecules BTI<I>n</I> and semiladder-type homopolymers PBTI<I>n</I> (<I>n</I> = 1-5) were synthesized, and their structure-property correlations were studied in depth. It was found that Pd-catalyzed Stille coupling is superior to Ni-mediated Yamamoto coupling to produce polymers with higher molecular weight and improved polymer quality, thus leading to greatly increased electron mobility (μ<SUB>e</SUB>). Due to their all-acceptor backbone, these polymers all exhibit unipolar n-type transport in organic thin-film transistors, accompanied by low off-currents (10<SUP>-10</SUP>-10<SUP>-9</SUP> A), large on/off current ratios (10<SUP>6</SUP>), and small threshold voltages (∼15-25 V). The highest μ<SUB>e</SUB>, up to 3.71 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>, is attained from PBTI1 with the shortest monomer unit. As the monomer size is extended, the μ<SUB>e</SUB> drops by 2 orders to 0.014 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> for PBTI5. This monotonic decrease of μ<SUB>e</SUB> was also observed in their homologous BTI<I>n</I> small molecules. This trend of mobility decrease is in good agreement with the evolvement of disordered phases within the film, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. The extension of the ladder-type building blocks appears to have a large impact on the motion freedom of the building blocks and the polymer chains during film formation, thus negatively affecting film morphology and charge carrier mobility. The result indicates that synthesizing building blocks with more extended ladder-type backbone does not necessarily lead to improved mobilities. This study marks a significant advance in the performance of all-acceptor-type polymers as unipolar electron transporting materials and provides useful guidelines for further development of (semi)ladder-type molecular and polymeric semiconductors for applications in organic electronics.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Theory Analysis of Harmonic Current Generation and Harmonic Current Extraction of Three-phase Grid-connected Inverter

Shaohua Sun,Hongqi Ben,Yingge Li,Leyi Wang,Shuai Yu 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6

Theory of the harmonic current generation of three-phase grid-connected inverter under unbalanced grid conditions is analyzed in detail in this paper. Based on the characteristic of three-phase currents, the structure of three adaptive notch filter(ANF) cells collaborating with fast positive and negative sequence decomposition(FPNSD) cell is proposed, which employs for the extraction of harmonic current. The main function of this harmonic current extraction method is to provide harmonic current for voltage regulation and power control of inverter. Moreover, this method is capable of extracting a selective order of harmonic where elimination of certain harmonic is of concern. The performance and analysis of the proposed structure in this study are verified through experimental cases.