A sigma class glutathione S-transferase gene regulated by the CncC pathway is required for phytochemical tolerance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Gao Shan-shan,Li Dong-yu,Huo Zhuang-kun,Zhang Yong-lei,Cao Yi-zhuo,Tan Yue-yao,Guo Xin-long,Zhang Jia-hao,Zhang Kun-peng,Li Rui-min 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.4

Insect glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a crucial role in the detoxification of exogenous compounds, especially insecticides and plant allelochemicals. A sigma class GST gene, TcGSTS7, mediates the response to eugenol in Tribolium castaneum. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains largely unknown. In this study, TcGSTS7, which exhibits a structural motif and domain organization characteristic of GSTs, was cloned from the T. castaneum genome. Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that TcGSTS7 was most highly expressed at the late larva stage and was mainly expressed in the fat body and epidermis of larvae and adults, suggesting that TcGSTS7 may play a potential role in the protection against toxic xenobiotics in T. castaneum. Furthermore, the expression of TcGSTS7 was significantly induced after exposure to eugenol, while RNA inter ference (RNAi) targeting TcGSTS7 enhanced the sensitivity of the beetle to eugenol, indicating that TcGSTS7 is involved in the tolerance of T. castaneum to this insecticide. Interestingly, the depletion of TcCncC, which encodes a transcription factor of the CncC pathway that has been associated with the regulation of detoxification-related genes in insects, led to a reduction in the TcGSTS7 transcript level following exposure to eugenol, which suggests that TcGSTS7 acts downstream of the CncC pathway. Combined, these results indicated that TcGSTS7 partici pates in the tolerance of T. castaneum to phytochemicals in a CncC pathway-dependent manner. These findings have implications for the development of novel drugs for use in pest control.

Compact Dual-Mode Balun Bandpass Filter with Improved Out-of-Band Performance

Gao Shan Shan,Yi Gang Yu,Sun Sheng 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.4

A compact dual-mode balun bandpass fi lter with improved out-of-band performance is proposed based on a ring resonator. In order to excite the two degenerate modes and obtain fi ltering balun performance, three parallel-coupled lines are placed at three excitation ports along the ring resonator. By properly arranging the angles between the excitation arms, four transmission zeros can be realized to improve stopband performance. Finally, a prototype of the designed balun bandpass fi lter is implemented and fabricated. The measured results show a good agreement with those obtained from the simulation, thus verifying our proposal with good in-band fi ltering and out-of-band performance.

Contact toxicity and transcriptomic analysis of terpinen-4-ol exposure in Tribolium castaneum

Shan-shan Gao,Yong-lei Zhang,Kun-peng Zhang,Wang Xing-yun,Qing-bo Tang,Yuan-chen Zhang 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.3

The terpene, terpinen-4-ol (T4ol), exhibits contact toxicity in Tribolium castaneum. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this toxicity have not been elucidated. This study examined changes in the expression of four classic enzymes after exposure of T. castaneum to T4ol. Acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase activities were markedly inhibited after exposure to T4ol, while that of the detoxifying enzyme cytochrome oxidase P450 increased markedly. Carboxylesterase activity did not show significant changes. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed 260 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the T4ol-treated and control samples, and qRT-PCR was used to validate the RNA-Seq data. The Gene Ontology analysis classified the DEGs into 36 functional groups, including the immune system processes, response to stimulus, and developmental processes. T4ol altered the response to stimulus and the immune system process of beetles by inducing the expression of the genes Stabilin-1, Attacin 1, and Defensin 1. Furthermore, the DEGs receptor tyrosine kinase Torso-like protein (RTKTsl), Frizzled 4 (Fz4), Protein Wnt-5b, Ecdysone-induced protein 78C (E78), Zinc finger protein GLIS1 (ZFPGLIS1) were classified as participating in beetle development, and Fz4 and Protein Wnt-5b also mapped to the Wnt signaling pathway. This indicated that pathways associated with development are inhibited after exposure to T4ol. T4ol also induced CYP9Z6/GSTs7 overexpression, and RNAi targeting these genes significantly increased larvae mortality on T4ol exposure, supporting the participation of CYP9Z6/GSTs7 in the response to T4ol in T. castaneum. The results of this study will facilitate understanding of the toxic mechanisms of T4ol and provide a basis for controlling the pests of stored products.

Compact Band Notched Slot Antenna for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Applications Based on Strong Couplings Slots

Shan Shan Gao,Jia-Lin Li,Hui Min Qiao 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.5

A planar slot antenna operating at 2.75–9.75 GHz is studied for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications, where three controllable notched bands centered at 4, 5.9 and 8.45 GHz are further introduced to avoid some potential interferences. The elliptical slots and coplanar waveguide feeding lines are incorporated to achieve desired UWB operation. By introducing a V-shaped and two U-shaped slots on the CPW signal line, three notched bands are implemented, and each notch band can be adjusted independently. Measurements on the developed demonstrator match with the numerical simulations.

Study on the Infl uence of Connection Confi guration on Composite Joints

Shan Gao,Lanhui Guo 한국강구조학회 2018 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.18 No.3

Steel–concrete composite joints possess higher bearing capacity, initial stiff ness and redundancy than bare steel joints. The confi guration of beam-column connection would infl uence the behavior of composite joints, such as rigidity, rotation capacity and so on. In this paper, the test of two fully welded rigid composite joints and two fl ush endplate semi-rigid composite joints was introduced. The loading conditions in the tests involved sagging moment and hogging moment. The mechanical behavior of composite joints under bending moment was studied in detail, especially on the infl uence of connection confi guration. The test results indicated that the experimental phenomena and failure mode of fully welded composite joint and fl ush endplate composite joint under hogging moment were similar to each other. The buckling of bottom fl ange of steel beam determined the behavior of composite joint under hogging moment, such as initial stiff ness and bending strength. It indicated that using fl ush endplate connection instead of fully welded connection in composite joints had little infl uence on the behavior of the joint under service loads if the failure mode of joints is governed by the same component. Four models for moment-rotation relation of composite joints are compared with experimental results. Based on the comparison, a new combination model of power function expression and linear expression is developed. With proper optimum shape parameter and descending stiff ness, the new model could present the moment-rotation relation of composite joints, regardless of connection confi guration or loading condition.

Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(latic acid) reinforced with silanized basalt scales

Shan-Shan Yao,Ming-Zhan Gao,Zhao-Yang Feng,Fan-Long Jin,박수진 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.7

Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based composites were prepared using PLA and basalt scale (BS) viaa solution-blending method. BS surfaces were treated using a silane coupling agent, and their surface properties werecharacterized by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectronspectrometry. Moreover, the influence of BS content on the thermal properties, flexural properties, impactstrength, and morphology of the PLA/silane-coupling-agent-treated BS (KH-BS) composites was analyzed. The thermalstability of the composites significantly increased due to the addition of KH-BS. Impact strength tests showed thatthe impact strength of the PLA/KH-BS composite with 4 wt% KH-BS was 3.14 kJ/m2, which is 51% higher than that ofpristine PLA (2.07 kJ/m2). The analysis of the fracture surfaces of the composites after the impact strength tests revealeda rough morphology with numerous river-like micro-cracks. The study results demonstrate that the addition of KH-BSsignificantly improves the thermal stability and impact strength of PLA/KH-BS composites.

Development of an Ultra-Slim System in Package (SiP)

Gao, Shan,Hong, Ju-Pyo,Kim, Jin-Su,Yoo, Do-Jae,Jeong, Tae-Sung,Choi, Seog-Moon,Yi, Sung The Korean Microelectronics and Packaging Society 2008 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.15 No.1

This paper reviews the current development of an ultra-slim SiP for Radio Frequency (RF) application, in which three flip chips, additional passive components and Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) filters are integrated side-by-side. A systematic investigation is carried out for the design optimization, process and reliability improvement of the package, which comprises several aspects: a design study based on the 3D thermo-mechanical finite element analysis of the packaging, the determination of stress, warpage distribution, critical failure zones, and the figuration of the effects of material properties, process conditions on the reliability of package. The optimized material sets for manufacturing process were determined which can reduce the number of testing samples from 75 to 2. In addition the molded underfilling (MUF) process is proposed which not only saves one manufacturing process, but also improves the thermo-mechanical performance of the package compared with conventional epoxy underfilling process. In the end, JEDEC's moisture sensitivity test, thermal cycle test and pressure cooker tests have also been carried out for reliability evaluation. The test results show that the optimized ultra-slim SiP has a good reliability performance.

SNR estimation for Adaptive Transmission in Satellite Communication Systems

Gao, Shan,Kim, Soo-young,Song, Sang-Seob 통신위성우주산업연구회 2005 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2005 No.-

본 논문에서는 적응형 위성통신 시스템에서 사용될 수 있는 수신 신호 품질 추정 기법에 대하여 소개한다. 위성 통신 시스템에서 적응형 전송 방식을 사용하면 강우감쇠와 같이 신호의 품질을 급격히 저하시킬 수 있는 요인에 대하여 효과적으로 대처할 수 있다. 그러나, 적응형 전송 방식의 활용으로 인한 시스템의 성능 향상 및 용량 증가는 반드시 정확한 전송 방식 제어가 뒷받침되어야 한다. 이러한 전송 방식제어의 가장 중요한 요건 중의 하나가 수신되는 신호에 대한 정확한 품질을 추정하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 점을 고려하여 적응형 위성 통신 시스템에서 가장 많이 사용하는 변조 방법 중의 하나인 M-ary PSK 에 대하여 효율적으로 적용할 수 있는 수신 신호 품질 추정 기법에 대하여 소개하고, 그 성능 시뮬레이션 결과를 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방식은 고차원의 PSK 변조방식에도 적용이 가능하며, 넓은 범위의 신호 대 잡음비 범위에 대하여 정확한 추정이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. This paper presents a signal quality estimation technique for adaptive satellite communication systems. The adaptive transmission scheme is one of the most effective ways to overcome performance degradation due to channel impairments such as rain attenuation. The performance enhancement and/or capacity increase due to adaptive transmission will be guaranteed provided by an intelligent control mechanism. The precise estimation of the quality estimation of the received signal is very important for the control mechanism. By considering this, we introduce a signal quality estimation technique for M-ary PSK schemes which are commonly used in satellite communication systems. We also demonstrate the performance simulation results. The proposed method can be applicable to high order modulation schemes and wide range of signal to noise ratio.

Discrete-time GI^X/Geo/1/N queue with negative customers and multiple working vacations

Shan Gao,Jinting Wang,Deran Zhang 한국통계학회 2013 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.42 No.4

Using the supplementary variable and the embedded Markov chain method, we considera discrete-time batch arrival finite capacity queue with negative customers and workingvacations, where the RCH killing policy and partial batch rejection policy are adopted. We obtain steady-state system length distributions at pre-arrival, arbitrary and outsideobserver’s observation epochs. Furthermore, we consider the influence of systemparameters on several performance measures to demonstrate the correctness of thetheoretical analysis.

Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma - Current Status and Perspectives

Gao, Jing,Xie, Li,Yang, Wan-Shui,Zhang, Wei,Gao, Shan,Wang, Jing,Xiang, Yong-Bing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common disorder worldwide which ranks 5th and 7th most common cancer among men and women. In recent years, different incidence trends have been observed in various regions, but the reasons are not completely understood. However, due to the great public efforts in HCC prevention and alternation of lifestyle, the roles of some well documented risk factors played in hepatocarcinogenesis might have changed. This paper summarizes both the environmental and host related risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma including well established risk factors such as hepatitis virus infection, aflatoxin and alcohol, as well as possible risk factors such as coffee drinking and other dietary agents.