Cement 粉碎에 있어서 Ethylamine類 粉碎助劑가 미치는 影響

金昺圭,梁斗錫,金石柱 成均館大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

所要 粉碎動力費를 節減하기 위하여 有機溶媒를 粉碎助劑로 擇하고 液相接觸으로 그 粉碎效果를 向上시키는 硏究는 여러 학자들에 의해 進行되어 왔다. 筆者는 이에 立脚하여 우리나라에서 動力費節減이 要求되는 Cement 製造를 대상으로 하여 Ethylamine 類를 粉碎助劑로 택하고 더욱 接觸確率을 증가시키기 위하여 氣相으로 接觸시켜 Cement 粉碎效果를 硏究하였다. 또한 그 原因으로 추정되는 吸着現象을 아울러 測定하여 粉碎效果와의 관계를 檢討하였더니 粉碎가 시작된 후 0∼6 時間內에서는 각종 첨가물이 거의 없는 상태, 즉 Clinker 單一系의 粉碎現象과 비슷한 粉碎傾向을 보여 주었고, 6∼8時間 사이에서 급격한 吸着能의 증가현상을 보여주었다. 이 때부터 粉碎率이 첨가물질에 의한 特有의 증가현상을 보여주고 이Td서 吸着能이 粉碎率과 깊은 관계가 있음을 알았고, 吸着能이 큰 물질일수록 粉碎效果가 더욱 좋은 結果를 보여주어서 粉碎效果는 吸着能과 吸着量에 比例됨을 認知하였다. 더욱 構造物材料로서의 本質인 物性을 測定하여 이에 따르는 使用許容範圍를 提示하였으며 結果的으로 1. 이들 粉碎助劑의 添加量이 증가하면 粉碎效果도 증가한다. 2. 粉碎效果는 Ethylamine 類가 Ethanol보다 떨어졌고, 沸點이 높은 tri-Ethylamine이 di-Ethylamine 보다 좋았으며, Ethanol>tri-Ethylamine>di-Ethylamine順으로 됨을 알았다. 3. Ethyamine 類의 Cement 粒子에 對한 吸着現象은 Ereundilich 吸着等溫式과 恰似했으며, 어느 범위내에서는 粉碎助劑의 吸着量이 증가함에 따라 粉碎效果가 좋아진다. 4. 粉碎效果가 좋을수록 Cement의 物性을 다소 감소시키고 있으나 構造物의 原資材로 사용하는 경우 그 使用分野에 따라 큰 지장이 없이 사용할 수 있는 것으로 看做된다. Most expenses of production in cement industry are electric power, therefore, many scientists had researched through various ways for saving power cost. Especially, they are an urgent problem, for Korea electric power costs so expensively. As one of the means of saving power, by crushing aid of organics (i.e. primary, secondary alcohol series, fat, or resins), it was attempted to prevent the growth of secondary particles on liquid contacting system. But it was not sufficient on heterogeneous dispersion system. In this experiment, the increasing of crushing effect was investigated in gaseous contacting system and 100℃ of not influencing upon cement products. Then, organic crushing aid were used di-Ethylamine (bp 55.4℃) and tri-Ethylamine (bp 89.7℃) in range of 0.1-0.5wt. % concentration. Thus, saving power and properties of structures depend on factory data. On the standard of compared data, a continuous method in dry crushing was adopted to a practical operation condition. Therefore, it must be analysed by batch method in a possible application because it is better than continuous method. The computation on power should be done by crushing ratio, directly, and it become clear tendency of specific surface mean diameter of particles to be decreased according to hour limit. Also, the increment of crushing effect had been referred to the adsorption phenomena on cement particles by the vapor of organic substance with crushing aid in the experiment of crushing. Then, the adsorption phenomena has researched by Gas-chromatograpy method, because of it's convenience and accuracy. Organic substance had been used as the adsorbate (i.e. di-Ethylamine and tri-Ethylamine). Through the experimental investigation, the following results were obtained: 1. Power saving of the cement crushing system added organic substance is 2.6% better than that of a simple system of clinker crushing. 2. In crushing, the order of effectiveness are Ethanol tri-Ethylamine and di-Ethylamine. i) Ethanol is 20.8%(in range of 0.4-0.5wt%) ii) di-Ethylamine is 13.7% (in range of 0.4-0.5wt%) iii) tri-Ethylamine is 15.4% (in range of 0.4-0.5wt%) 3. The compressible strength of the cement organic substance the order of decrease are Ethanol, tri-Ethylamine, di-Ethylamine. ⅰ) Ethanol is 5-6% (decrease) ⅱ) di-Ethylamine is 4.1% (decrease) iii) tri-Ethylamine is 4.3% (decrease) 4. Absorbed amount of the organic solvents is an important factor of cement crushing system; the grinding rates are increased when the amount of grinding aid are increased. 5. The adsorptivity increased in the order of Ethanol, tri-Ethylamine, di-Ethylamine, di-Ethylamine. 6. Adsorption phenomena of Ethylamines on cement have been adsorbed to show a tendency similar to the Freundlich's adsorption isotherm equation. 7. After 6 hours of the crushing time when the increase in the crushing efflciency has taken place, the amount of adsorption has rapidly increased, while the amount of adsorption has shown almost negligible increase. 8. Crushing efflciency has been increased with the increasing amount of Ethylamines absorbed on cement i.e, the higher the absorptivity is, the better the crushing efflciency is.

南北韓關係 變化實相과 向後 展望 硏究

강석승 안양대학교 복지행정연구소 2002 福祉行政硏究 Vol.18 No.-

지난 2000년 6월에 이루어진 남북정상회담과 이를 통한 '6.15남북공동선언'은 남북의 양 정상이 직접 서명하였다는 점에서 민족통일의 새로운 지평(地坪)을 연 '역사적 문건'이라 할 수 있으며, 이렇기 때문에 이 선언의 채택-발효를 지켜보는 우리 모두의 기대와 희망은 '가히 하늘을 찌를 듯' 높기만 하였고, 그 이후 남북관계는 다른 어떤 시기 보다 질-양적으로 큰 변화를 보여 왔다. 그러나 이후의 남북관계는 과거와 같이 북측의 일방적인 약속 파기나 합의불이행으로 때때로 소강상태를 보이면서 ????을 나타나게 되었고, 그 때마다 우리는 적지 않은 실망과 비관적인 마음을 감출 수 없었다. 이후 임동원대통령특사의 방북(2002.4.3-4.6)으로 인해 '4.5공동보도문'이 발표되고 북측이 '서해교전(2002.6.29)에 유감을 표명하면서 중단된 남북장관급회담 재개제의를 하게 되고, 이를 우리 측이 전향적 차원에서 받아들임에 따라 6.15공동선언의 이행·실천을 위한 남북대화·회담은 정상궤도에 진입하여 제8차 남북장관급회담을 비롯한 각급 회담·대화가 진행되어 현재에 이르고 있는 것이다. 그러나 '제임스 캘리' 미특사의 방북으로 인한 북한의 '핵개발 프로그램'에 대한 문제가 좀처럼 진정될 기미를 보이지 않고, 북한 스스로가 이 문제에 관하여 '신속하고도 분명한 입장과 조치'를 밝히지 않는 한 남북관계의 질적인 개선은 어려울 것으로 보이기 때문에 그 ??은 북측의 '상응하는 조치'에 달려 있으며, 바로 이런 조치를 전제로 하여 '6.15남북공동선언'에서의 합의사항이 한치의 빈 틈이나 차질없이 이행되고 실천될 수 있도록 북측이 보다 큰 誠과 熱을 갖고 대하는 입장과 자세를 보여야 할 것이다.

16세기 프랑스 서술문학의 장르 체계 연구

유석호 연세대학교 대학원 1987 延世論叢 Vol.23 No.1

Cet article a pour but d'analyser les traits constitutifs du genre narratif au 16e sie`cle, notamment ceux des trois genres fondamentaux: nouvelle, conte et roman. Pour cela, nous nous proposons d'e´tudier ces genres dans leur contexte historique en tenant compte e´galement du syste`me avec lequel ils sont en corre´lation. La nouvelle, introduite nouvellement en France a` la fin du 15e sie`cle sous l'influence du De´came´ron de Boccace, re´ve`le une fe´condite´ extraordinaire dans le domaine de la litte´rature narrative. Au cours de la premie`re moitie´ du 16e sie`cle, la nouvelle, conside´re´e au de´but comme une simple histoire plaisante caracte´rise´e par l'authenticite´, la nouveaute´ et la nature anecdotique de la matie`re et aussi par la brive`vete´ du re´cit, finit par s'appliquer a` des sujets plus divers de nature re´aliste. A cert e´gard, l'Heptame´ron de Marguerite de Navarre marque un sommet des recueils de nouvelles au 16e sie`clne; ses nouvelles parfois longues contrastent avec les nouvelles-fabliaux pre´ce´dentes et montrent un certain type de nouvelle sentimentale et litte´raire, plus proche de la notion moderne du genre. Par rapport a` la nouvelle, les deux autres genres, influence´s plus directement par la litte´rature orale et me´die´vale, occupent une place assez re´duite dans le syste`me du genre narratif au 16e sie`cle. Le seul exemple du recueil de contes, les Comptes amoureux de Jeanne Flore sont une re´invention litte´raire a` partir des oeuvres e´crites, qui est fondamentalement diffe´rente du conte proprement dite, issu de la tradition folklorique. De me^me, malgre´ la popularite´ conside´rable des romans de chevalerie qui sont une forme vulgarise´e du roman me´die´val, si l'on met a` part les tentatives isole´es d'He´lisenne de Crenne et de Rabelais, un nouveau type de roman n'acquiert pas encore l'autonomie suffisante pour former un nouveau genre. En conclusion, les trois genres narratifs du 16e sie`cle ne parviennent pas encore a` use syste´matisation comparable a` celle de l'e´poque classique ou` la norme des genres e´crits commence a` s'imposer, ce qui montre la limite et aussi la valeur historique de la litte´rature narrative du 16e sie`cle en tant qu'e´tape pre´paratoire de la litte´rature moderne.

남자 우수 테니스 선수의 형태학적 비율

김석환,권중호 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

The purpose of this is to analyze the different of levels of sporting ability and to find out the morphological characteristics of male tennis players and to evaluate the possibility of employing anthropometric variables as estimates of training effects and indicators of morphological perrequisisites in male Tennis Players. In order to attain its object, height, weight, skinfold thickness, girth, % muscle mass, % bone mass, and % fat, of 30 male tennis players were measured and estimated. The One-way ANOVA was used for examining the mean values of variables on the test and the difference between groups. The result is as follows: The first, the variables such as height, skinfold thickness and width except body weight shows no meaningful statistical difference (p<.05) among the three different levels of groups. But male tennis players appeared to be taller and heavier than other groups and the humerus and femur was wider. the second, the variable of girths shows no meaningful significant difference (p<.05) among tennis players. But breadth, hip, ankle, thigh(l㎝) of tennis players appeared to be bigger than others. and the better tennis players were elite players, the more mesomorphy was appeared in elite tennis players. The third, the tennis players have the lowest % of body fat in the three different levels of groups.

Bubble Cap Tray, Value Tray 및 Seive Tray를 이용한 알콜/물 분리

김석택,최동훈,김재훈,김장호,빌렛 라인하르트 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 硏究報告 Vol.23 No.1

In this study The diagrams for various packing shown given an impression of the effectiveness of several fraction device for separation towers in alcohol distillation. Although not claiming completeness, they are yet indicative of the influence which the characteristic design and operating parameters are having on the performance efficiency of the internals. The relevant technical literature provides comprehensive information for fluid dynamic computations as well as for predetermining the separation efficiency of columns working under industrial operating conditions, this applies to tray columns and packed columns equally. The most recent computation models of thermal separation technology allow the quantitative valuation also of other efficiency when used in industrial alcohol distillation plants, and the corresponding dimensioning of columns with an accuracy that is sufficient for the requirements of practice.

D. H. Lawrence의 이원성

金奭柱 瑞逸專門大學 1993 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

檢證可能性과 反證可能性

李錫潤 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 1976 인문학연구 Vol.3 No.2

The principle of verifiability is the empiricist criterion of cognitive meang, which contemporary logical positivists have propounded. According to it, a proposition has empirical meaning if it is capable of experiential verification. As has frequently been said, this criterion of meaning originated in explicit forms from Wittgenstein's Tractatus, but was expressed by Schlick in a classical formulation of the following form: "The meaning of a proposition is the method of its verification." It is important, however, to realize that this is not a 'theory of meaning' which is concerned with discovering the meaning of a proposition, but a 'criterion of meaningfulness' by which we can determine whether a given proposition is empirically meaningful or not. It seems more adequate, therefore, that the criterion should be formulated as follews: 'A proposition is empirically meaningful if it is capable of verification by observational evidence.' Despite a disagreement among the positivists as to its logical status, they applied this criterion to the propositions of traditional metaphysics and epistemology to condemn many of them as pseudo-propositions, which assert nothing, because these are unverifiable, and thus to delimit the empirically meaningful propositions empirical sciences have to deal with. For empirical sciences must retain, first of all, such propositions in order to search for the ones which are not analytic and yet true. Hence the criterion seems to be a prerequisite to all empirical disciplines. In the intricate history of the logical positivist movement, the empiricist meaning criterion has been amended many times to meet the objections against it, as its defects became obvious. In its earlier stage, a proposition was said to be meaningful if it was capable, at least in principle, of complete verification by observational evidence. This is the criterion which Hempel calls the requirement of complete verifiability, which has, however, several defects. First, this criterion is too restrictive. It rules out all sentences of universal form, and thus not only those metaphysical statements which it purports to exclude, but also all statements expressing scientific general laws; for these can not be conclusively verified by any finite set of observational data. Secondly, this criterion is too inclusive. For if S is a sentence which satisfies the proposed criterion, whereas N is a sentence which expresses any arbitrary metaphysical statement, then their disjunction SvN likewise satisfies the criterion. It cannot, therefore, rule out the metaphysical statement. An alternative criterion which Hempel formulates as requirement of complete falsifiability is, too, inadequate on similiar grounds as the former. It rules out purely existential statements, for none of these can be conclusively falsified. And if S is a sentence which is completely falsifiable, whereas N is an arbitrary metaphysical sentence, then their conjunction S-N is empirically meaningful. Thus the criterion cannot rule out the metaphysical statements. Some attempts have been made to avoid these defects by modifying the criterion of complete verifiability. The criterion of partial verifiability suggested by Ayer is characteristic of one of these attempts to make the complete verification criterion more liberal by introducing the subsidiary hypotheses. But this new criterion cannot avoid the defect of the old one that it allows empirical meaning to such a metaphysical sentence as SvN or S-N. The difficulty of this sort would not arise, if it be possible to construct an artificial language whose vocabulary and grammar were so contrived as to preclude the possibility of forming such metaphysical sentences. Carnap, formulating the requirement of confirmability, attempted to construct an artificial language of this kind. Hempel calls it "an empiricist languag", and sets up a criterion of translatability thereon: "A sentence has cognitive meaning if and only if it is translatable into an empiricist language." The construction of such an empiricist language would make it possible to establish the criterion which might be restrictive to the metaphysical sentences on the one hand, and inclusive to the sentences of natural sciences on the other, by adopting, in addition, the "principle of tolerance" and also developing the theory of reduction sentence according to which disposition terms could be defined by means of observation predicates. But it is, in effect, difficult to construct a system of artificial language appropriate for all the theories of modern physical sciences that are formulated in terms of highly abstract theoretical constructs. In other words, it is almost impossible to construct the theory language completely equipped in advance with all the theory predicates which might be used in any advanced scientific theories. Moreover, Carnap's criterion of confirmability simply rests on the reductionism, without demanding the subsidiary hypotheses which are now used in almost all the cases of scientific test of empirical hypothesis. Actually, a hypothesis of empirical science would get the meaning to the full in the totality of its theory, if it could be confirmed or disconfirmed in conjunction with subsidiary hypotheses, and at the same time could confirm or disconfirm other hypotheses within the same system of theory. Hence, in order to determine whether any statement has empirical meaning or not, we must beforehand determine whether any system of statements is an empirically established theory, that is, a system of genuine science, or not. The idea of formulating a criterion of demarcation between genuine science and pseudo-science is due to Popper. Suggesting falsifiability as a criterion of demarcation, but not of meaning, he formulates it as follows: "the criterion of the scientific status of a theory is its falsifiability, or refutability, or testability." It is the distinguishing mark of a scientific theory that it must be capable of conflicting with possible, or conceivable, observations, that is to say, of being refuted by experience. Here the testing?whose procedure turns out to be deductive?of a theory is an attempt to falsify it, or to refute it. A scientific theory is conclusively falsifiable by tests. In contrast, if a theory stands up severe tests, it has been corroborated (not confirmed) : it can be only temporarily supported in the sense in which no reason to discard it has been as yet found. Thus the verification of a theory is not regarded as conclusive. This "asymmetry between verifiability and falsifiability", he argues, results from the logical form of universal statements by means of which a theory is formulated. To test it, or to refute it, is to argue from the truth of singular statements, which are conclusions derived from it, to the falsity of universal statements, with the help of the modus tollens. Such an argument is the only strictly deductive kind of inference that can falsify, but not verify, the theory. Accordingly, if a theory is formed in such a way that it escapes refutation, it is not a genuine scientific theory, but a pseudo-theory. On this ground, Popper argues that the critical attitude suitable to scientific investigators may be described as thorough efforts to expose their hypotheses to the most severe experimental tests, with a decision to avoid all the "conventionalist strategems". His criterion of falsifiability has often been interpreted as revised version of the verifiability criterion of meaning. But his concern is not with "the problem of meaning", but only with "the problem of demarcation". The positivist attempt to find a criterion of meaning, he thought, led to no positive results; Carnap's intention to construct a language of science free from metaphysics is not realized. In contrast to the "anti-metaphysical strategems" of the positivist meaning criterion, the criterion of demarcation is intended to distinguish "the theoretical systems of the empirical sciences from those of metaphysics", and to show that even the metaphysical proposition might acquire scientific status "when it is presented in falsifiable form."

Ralu-Pack 250YC 를 충전한 충전탑에서 암모니아가스 제거에 관한 연구

김석택 한국환경과학회 2000 한국환경과학회지 Vol.9 No.5

In this study a packed tower was selected for the treatment apparatus of NH_3 gas produced in industry. Formerly, latticework packing has been used in preventive facility of treatment of NH_3 gas. However, recently metallic Ralu-Pack 250YC, structured packing, is usually being used in petrochemical production plant. This study is for the application the packing to the NH_3 gas treatment in wet scrubbing process. In Air/water system, hydraulic pressure drop dependent of specific liquid load and gas capacity factor was continuous and parallel from graph. The tower height can be determined by the number of transfer unit and the height of transfer unit influenced on liquid distribution.

프랑스 르네상스시대의 이상적 삶의 형태 : 라블레의 텔렘므 수도원을 중심으로 A propos de l'Abbaye de The´le`me de Rabelais

유석호 연세대학교 인문과학연구소 1995 人文科學 Vol.73 No.-

Parmi les oeuvres du renre utopique, I'Abbaye de The'le`me, qui forme une partie a` part dans le Gargantua de Rabelais, est conside're'e comme un mode`le repre`sentatif de la Renaissance franc¸aise. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de pre'ciser quelques aspects de la via ideale chez Rabelais en comparant cet e'pisode avec I'Utopie de Thomas More. L'Utopie de More montre un tableau exhaustif d'une socie'te' ide'ale: tous les e'le'ments ne'cessairse a` l'e'tablissement d'un e'tat complet et inde'pendant y sont de'cris du'ne manie`re. Mais malgre' l'apparence vraisemblable de cette utopie, on ne peut pas n'ait sa propre limite. Car l'adhe'sion spontane'e et unanime du peuple, condition ne'cessaire pour l'existence d'une telle socie'te', est une pre'supposition irre'alisable dans la re'alite'. A la diffe'rence de l'Utopie, la vie dans i'Abbaye de The'le`me, tout a` fait contraie au monaste're re'el, est caracte'rise'e essentiellement par le franc arbitre et la liberte' totale des The'le'mits. "Fais ce que voudras." est le seul pre'cepte qui les concernent: cette confiance totale en l bonte' humaine est le fondement de cette socie'te' ide'ale chez Rabelais. Toutes les matie`res ne'cessaires pour la via opulente et cinfortable y sont fournies abondamment et la joie de vivre domine dans la via aristocratique des The'le'mites. Rabelais repre'sent ainsi le fantasme et l'aspiration du peuple de l'epoque, accable' de mise're et toujours menace' de mort. Mais il est e'vident que cette socie'te' ide'ale pleine d'e'le'ment mythiques et fantastiques est aussi irre'alisable que celle de The'le'me reste se'pare' en dehors de l'action des he'ros, ce qui montre aussi sa limite inadapte'e a` la re'alite. Pluto^t que la manie`re de vicre des The'le'mites, nous croyons que le pantagrue'lisme, perceptible dans l'attitude du he'ros notamment a` partir du Tiers Livre, conmstitue la vraie sagesse de la vie chez Rabelais. Ainsi l'auteur montre que la via ide'ale n'est pas de nature a` e^tre donne'e de l'exte'rieur par l'institution: il faut que chaque individu cherche la sagesse de la vie, suivant la raison qui est le guide infaillible de la nature humaine. Le pantagrue'lisme qu' atteint le roi sage sigefie donc la possenion de soi sans me'pris de la jouissance de la via.

Ethanol 및 Acetaldehyde가 家兎의 腎機能에 미치는 影響

郭錫球,朴海根 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1987 충남의대잡지 Vol.14 No.1

The present study was performed to evaluate the change in the renal functions produced by the continuous infusion of either ethanol or acetaldehyde in rabbits. A total of 19 rabbits were divided into two groups; ethanol infusion group(6 rabbits for 3.5g% and 6 rabbits for 7g%) and acetaldehyde infusion group(7 rabbits for 0. 4%). Either ethanol or acetaldehyde was added for 80 min in the rate of 1. 05 or 2.10g/hr in the ethanol group and 120mg/hr in the acetaldehyde group after the control period in which the basal solution of 0. 45NaC1/L with 30g glucose was infused for 20 min. The urine and blood samples were collected in the control period, and also in the experimental group every 20 min for 80 min after either ethanol or acetaldehyde was added. The samples were also collected twice at an interval of 20 min after the addition of ethanol or acetaldehyde was discontinued. The following measurements were made in the control and experimental groups;urine flows, plasma clearance of inulin, PAH and electrolytes, rates of reabsorption and urinary excretion of electrolytes and osmolar substances. The blood ethanol concentration was measured by the potassium dichromate method, plasma inulin and PAH by the method of Schreiner and Smith, respectively. Osmolality of urine and plasma was measured by osmometer(Advanced, 3WII), and Na^+ and K^+ concentration were measured by flame photometry (Beckman, KLiNa flame). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Urine flow rate was reduced after infusion of 3. 5 and 7g% ethanol, but significant osmotic diuresis was induced by 0.4% acetaldehyde infusion. 2. Renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate showed a tendency to decrease with ethanol infusion, but not with acetaldehyde infusion. 3. Osmolar substance and K^+ clearance were reduced by ethanol but increased significantly by acetaldehyde. 4. Percent reabsorption of K^+ filtered was significantly decreased by acetaldehyde infusion. 5. Urinary excretion of osmolar substances and Na+ were reduced by ethanol but increased significantly by acetaldehyde infusion. The above results suggest that the diuretic action of ethanol is modified partly by acetaldehyde induced osmotic diuresis.