여성들의 화장실태와 화장지식 및 화장태도에 관한 연구

이승자,전용수,김장순,이종열,박천만 한국미용학회 2001 한국미용학회지 Vol.7 No.3

This study was conducted to provide the basic data necessary to develop the academic make-up program by analysing women' s make-up state, knowledge degree and attitude toward their make-up, and elements having an effect on their make-up attitude, using questionnaires answered by women who visited the 22 sampled beauty shops in Daegu from March 15 to April 4, 2001. The analysed result of this study is summarized as follows. 1. Based on the general features of sampled subjects, it was shown that the age of 21∼30 years old accounted for 45.7% and 31∼40 years old for 24.5%, and graduation from junior college or higher educational background for 54.8% and high school or higher for 41.8%. Their occupational fact showed that nonoccupation including full-time housekeepers accounted for 25.7% and experts for 25.2%. The result of marriage status indicated that the single accounted for 55% and the married for 41.1%. Their body status showed that the underweight accounted for 30.5% and overweight or fatness for 10.7%. Their answers about health status indicated that poor health accounted for 30.0% and good health for 14.8%. Their skin health status was that poor skin type accounted for 33.4% and dry skin type for 30.7%. Their average knowledge about make-up was 65.2 marks, and 54.1% of all the subjects had less knowledge than the average marks. 2. Their reasons for make-up indicated that 'to be beautiful' accounted for 29.8% and 'to have good manners as women' for 26.1%. With respect to their age, it was shown that the young women below 30 years old tended to make up 'to be beautiful(34.3 - 35.0%) while women above 41 years old did to have good manners as women(49.3%). Then, it was also shown that the respondents with high education level(p<0.001)and occupation including students(p<0.01), and the single(p<0.001) tended to make up 'to be beautiful' while the women with low education level(p<0.01) and with no occupation(p<0.01), and the married women(p<0.001) did 'to have good manners as women' to protect skin' or 'to cover weakness' . 3, The technical level of make-up they answered was that Not bad' accounted for 49.0% and 'Bad' for 33.0%. The respondents with the age below 20 years old(p<0.05), education level lower than a middle school(p<0.05), overweight and fatness(p<0.05), poor skin status(p<0.01) and less knowledge about make-up(p<0.001) showed bo not make up well' 4. The subjects answered about the importance of make-up that 'Yes' accounted for 48.9% which was higher than 10.9% of No The more the age and knowledge and with occupation, the higher the importance (p<0.01). 5. Their satisfaction level with make-up indicated that unsatisfaction(25.5%) was higher than satisfaction(21.8%). The worse the health state and skin health status, the higher the unsatisfaction(p<0.001) 6. Their frequency of shaded make-up indicated that 'Everyday accounted for 38.2% and 'Nearly not for 27.9%. It was also shown that the more the age(p<0.05) and with occupation(p<0.05) and knowledge about the make-up(p<0.05), the higher their tendency to make up everyday while the lower the age(p<0.05), the lower their tendency of make-up, and the students(p<0.05) nearly did not make up. 7. Whether or not their cosmetic has been selected after the consideration of skin type showed that 73% of the subjects responded 'Yes' which was higher for the persons with the age of 21∼30 years old(p<0.05), high education level(p<0.05) and more knowledge about the make-up(p<0.05). 8. Concerning the question about whether or not they have participated in any make-up education program, it was shown that 59.3% had no any experience in participation which was higher for the persons with no job(p<0.001), in general employment state(p<0.001), and with less knowledge about make-up(p<0.01). 9. The subjects who answered their spending ￦20,000∼40,000 on cosmetics every month accounted for 45.9% which was highest. It was shown, then, that the women with more age(p<0.001), with job(p<0.001) and with dry skin type(p<0.01) tended to spend more money. 10. Based on the question concerning their way to get information about cosmetics, it was shown that 'from professional cosmetic magazines' accounted for 32.7% and 'from TV or from newspapers' for 27.3%, and that the women with the age below 30 years old(p<40.8%) and in unmarried status(p<41.8%) obtained mainly the information 'from professional magazines' . The women with the age of 30 years old(31.5%) preferred 'from TV or from newspapers while the women with more than 41 years old(42.3%) and in married status(32.6%) did 'from beauty shops or from cosmetic saleswomen' (p<0.001). 11. Their degree of knowledge about make-up showed that the higher their education level, the higher their degree of knowledge, and that the degree was lower for the women with education level below graduation from a middle school(p<0.01) and overweight and fatness(p<0.01). 12. Their attitude toward make-up indicated that the women with professional job(p<0.01) and more knowledge about make-up(p<0.001) were positive. 13. In order to analyse elements influencing an attitude toward make-up, a multiple regression analysis was done by considering their attitude as a dependent variable, and their general features and make-up state as an independent variable. As a result, it was shown that the higher the degree of importance they think about make-up(p<0.001), the longer the time they take for make-up(p<0.001), the more their knowledge about make-up(p<0.01), the more their age(p<0.05) and the more their experience in participation in make-up education programs(p<0.05), the higher the degree they were positive toward make-up. The make-up is an essential action for women to express their aesthetic sense, and has an important effect on their making a healthy living socially and mentally, as well as on their skin health. Even though many women have understood the importance of make-up and have made up everyday, it appeared that their knowledge about make-up and make-up technique were insufficient, which mean needs for a systematically organized make-up education. To do that, it is required to first develop a synthetic program designed for the systematic make-up education.

화학적 및 전기적 방법에 의한 티타늄의 표면 에칭과 백금도금에 관한 연구

이미경,박승만,박인수,황영기 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1999 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

표면처리 산업의 습식 표면처리 기술의 45%가 전기도금에 의해 행해지고 있으며 전극은 전기도금에서 필수적인 요소 부품으로 그 내구성 및 내부식성이 극히 짧아 피도금체의 생산원가를 상승시크는 주요 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 티타늄에 백금을 도금하기 위하여 여러 가지 에칭기술 중 화학적 및 전기화학적인 방법으로 티타늄 표면처리를 하였으며 화학적 에칭기술이 티타늄 표면을 더 균일하게 에칭시킴을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 에칭한 후 백금 도금을 실시한 결과 전기화학적인 방법으로 에칭한 티타늄의 백금 도금층의 밀착성과 두께는 화학적인 방법보다 더 우수함을 알 수 있었다. Electroplating occupies 45% of wet surface treatment technique in surface treatment industry. Electrode is the essential required part in electroplating. The durability and corrosion resistance of present electrodes are not good, which is the main reason to increase the product cost of electroplating. In this study, chemical and electrochemical etching methods were used to treat titanium surface before platinization on titanium. It was found that titanium surface could be etched more uniformly by chemical method. But when platinizing after the etching of titanium, the electrochemical method was found to generate better adhesion and thicker platinized layer than the chemical method.

NHCF 막전극의 제조방법 및 운전조건에 따른 순환전위곡선의 특성 변화

이미경,한영,박승만,한정규,이상호,곽철,박인수,황영기 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1999 硏究論文集 Vol.17 No.-

본 연구는 이온교환 막전극을 이용하여 원자력 액상 폐기물로부터 방사성 성분을 분리하고 저장용 액상에 연속적으로 농축함으로써 폐기물의 잔류농도 저하와 최종 저장품의 부피감소를 동시에 도모하기 위한 목적의 일환으로 수행되었다. 화학적 및 전기적 방법으로 nickel hexacyanoferrate(NHCF)??막을 전도성 니켈표면에 생성시켜 막전극을 제조하였다. 각각의 막전극을 세슘과 나트륨의 단일 및 이성분 수용액에 설치하고 -100mV부터 800mV까지 50mV/s, 70mV/s, 100mV/s 그리고 150mV/s등의 주사속도로 전위순환을 연속적으로 반복하면서 순환전위곡선을 측정하였다. 이 과정에서 막전극의 제조방법, 주사속도, 세슘의 농도 등의 변화에 따른 순환전위곡선의 특성 변화를 비교 고찰하였다. 화학적 방법으로 48시간 이상 자연생성시켜야 이온교환 성능을 가지며, 생성 소요시간과 주사속도가 클수륵 반응성이 크고, 세슘 농도가 20% 이상인 이성분 용액에서는 NHCF 막전극이 세슘과 선택적으로 환원-산화 반응함을 알 수 있었다. This research has been carried out for the objective which was planned to decrease the residual concentration of nuclide in liquid wastes by separating the radioactive elements on ion exchange film electrode and to reduce the final storing volume by concentrating the deposited elements into small amount of wastewater. NHCF was prepared on the surface of conductive nickel by chemical and electrochemical methods. It was used as working electrode in cesium sodium, and binary aqueous solutions. We measured the cyclic voltammogram using the repeated cyclic voltammetry from -100mV to 800mV at the sweep rate of 50mV/s, 70mV/s, 100mV/s and 150mV/s. The transformation of cyclic voltammogram was investigated at the various NHCF film electrodes with the variation of sweep rate and concentration of cesium. The ion exchange was observed when NHCF was self-assembled chemically over 48 hours. The reactivity of NHCF increased with increasing preparation time and sweep rate. NHCF film electrode had redox reaction with cesium selectively in the binary solution when cesium concentration was more than 20%.

스프링쿨러 헤드 설계 프로그램 개발에 관한 연구

이성수,조광익 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 1998 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.23 No.-

Nowadays, the trial and error of design, experiments, and modifications are the only choice for developing sprinkler head. But it needs too much time and costs for such a design and modifications so lead time and costs are both increased. Therefore, if we use simulation program in PC platform which simulate experiments in terms of shape of sprinkler head, we can reduce the time and costs for repeated experiments and modifications. For this reason, we present simulation program for predicting result of experiments and reducing lead time and costs by it.

4-카바모일옥시메틸-1-아자안트라퀴논 유도체들의 합성 및 세포독성

이희순,이승일,홍승수,조정숙,김영호 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1998 藥學論文集 Vol.14 No.-

In the course of developing novel antitumor intercalating agents, we synthesized 4-carbamoyloxymethyl-1-azaanthraquinones 7-12. incorporating the latent alkylating functionality. These compounds were designed to explore the effect of substituent on the nitrogen of carbamate. The target compounds were prepared by hetero Diels-Alder reaction as a key step followed by functionalization of benzylic methyl to the desired substituents. Growth inhibitory studies of the azaanthraquinones were conducted in vitro against human cancer cell lne (SNU-354: liver and MCF7: breast) and human epidermoid carcinoma cells that are sensitive (KB-3-1) and multidrug-resistant (KB-V-1). the compounds were less potent than doxorubicin against sensitive cell lines. However, the most active compound 12 was not cross-resisitant with doxorubicin against KB-V-1.

여자중학생의 하복 착용 및 관리 실태

이성자,권수애 충북대학교 교육 ·생활연구소 생활과학연구센터 2002 생활과학연구논총 Vol.6 No.1

This study was conducted to provide guidelines that will improve the school uniforms for middle school girl's. It examined the following in-depth: the use of the summer school uniforms, actual conditions of use and management. Four schools whose uniform designs are different were selected, and among them, 505 girl's in senior year took part in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. The results are as follows: 1) Examining the external appearance, the following are noticed: In general, blouses are white, single-breasted, and the length is abdominal(circumference) line. Skirts are dark blue or checked and A-lined with one or two pleats in front. Regarding the materials, the combination of polyester and rayon are used. It has been pointed out that there is much room for improvement in comfort and design. 2) The average satisfaction level was founded in the following when wearing blouses: the dynamism, the maintenance of external appearance/ease care. On the contrary, the high satisfaction level was founded in the following: maintainability of shape, sanitation/comfort, design/external appearance. In particular, the study revealed the low level of satisfaction in design/external appearance and sanitation/comfort of both blouses and skirts.

제품 설계 데이터를 이용한 프레스 금형 레이아웃 설정을 위한 알고리즘에 관한 연구

이상준,이성수 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.11 No.6

Today most companies are designing their automobile shapes by using 3 dimensional CAD software, CATIA. And they used to design 2 dimensional press dies to do some elastic work on their products, but they are currently trying to make use of 3 dimensional software, Pro-Engineer. In this case, they have to change the 3 dimensional product design data to the proper format data for the following process. This paper will show the data loss and the deformation during data transfer between CATIA and Pro-Engineer, and then suggest a solution for these problems. Product's surface will be automatically placed by automatic press tipping angle setting in CATIA to prevent the product from being stuck in the press die. The 2 dimensional section view which is based on the tipping angle setting is created by Z-map. And, to remove the data loss and the data deformation in Pro-Engineer, the product surface are delivered to the next process after it is changed to the 2 dimensional Z-map curves in CATIA. Finally, this paper suggests an algorithm to develop the automatic design program for the press layout which regenerates product shape surface from the previous process.

금형면 자동 다듬질 전문가 시스템 개발에 관한 연구-Ⅰ : DB 구축을 위한 회전 및 진동 연마 가공의 실험적 연구

민헌식,이성환,안유민,조남규,한창수 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.11 No.1

In manufacturing die and mold, polishing is important as it takes as mush as 50% of the production cost. In this research, an attachable type polishing device to a CNC machining center was developed. Experiments were done with a specially designed rotation type polishing device. Also an ultra-sonic (Vibration type) waving device was introduced to acquire finer surface finishes. From the constructed data base based on the experimental results, it is shown that optimal polishing conditions are generated by the combined use of the rotation type tool and the vibration type tool.

방사형기저함수망을 이용한 열간 사상압연의 압연하중 예측에 관한 연구

손준식,이덕만,김일수,최승갑 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

A major concern at present is the simultaneous control of transverse thickness profile and flatness in the finishing stages of hot rolling process. The mathematical modeling of hot rolling process has long been recognized to be a desirable approach to investigate rolling operating practice and the design of mill equipment to improve productivity and quality. However, many factors make the mathematical analysis of the rolling process very complex and time-consuming. In order to overcome these problems and to obtain an accurate rolling force, the predicted model of rolling force using neural networks has widely been employed. In this paper, Radial Basis Function Network(RBFN) is applied to improve the accuracy of rolling force prediction in hot rolling mill. In order to verify and analysis the performance of applied neural network, the comparison with the measured rolling force and the predicted results using two different neural networks - RBFN, MLP, has respectively been carried out. The results obtained using RBFN neural network are much more accurate those obtained the MLP.

자동차 BONNET 헤밍 금형의 설계 및 제작에 관한 연구

정효상,이성수 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 2001 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.26 No.-

So far, this report is written by knowledge and standards through several reference drawing and experienced contents with drawing hemming die of bonnet. The contents about actual production is so huge that I will write about it next time. In the future, simple easy to correct, comportible and good safety design, reasonable price hemming die will be producted.