A. 高校 科學 (生物·地球科學) 및 數學科 探究學習의 評價模型 定立과 評價紙 開發

李相協,權炳奎,林在圭,孫文求,吳岱燮,楊洪準,梁承榮,姜用熙,林成圭,金正遠,金吉民,兪正在 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1982 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

Currently the evaluation of high school science and mathematics learning has been too much knowledge-centered without concerning the inquiring ability or scientific attitude. This study, therefore, was made for the purpose of establishing of evaluation model for high school science (biology and earth science) and mathematics learning and its evaluation items. In this paper, the research was done about three fields, biology, earth science and mathematics. 1. For the biology, the evaluation methods of inquiry learning were studied with the foreign references, and proper evaluation items were suggested. 2. For the earth science, after analizing 5 kinds of earth science textbook of current using in high school, essential 19 items were selected. 5 of them were tested in test group and control group, then, the results were analized. 3. For the mathematice, the teaching elements of「Set」and「Flow chart」in mathematics (Ⅰ) were selected and structured. Detailed teaching objects were established and evaluation items were introduced.

전국 단위 감시체계의 현황과 전망

강성규,안연순,지영구,김형옥,하미나,권호장,백남종,김성아,홍윤철,김재용,강대희,정혜선,하은희 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.2

家族機能度指數(Family APGAR Scores)에 關한 基礎調査 硏究

姜星圭,沈雲澤 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1985 충남의대잡지 Vol.12 No.1

This study was investigated the Family APGAR. Scores which was introduced in 1978 as a utilitarian screening instrument for family function by Dr. Smilkstein. The Family APGAR Index Questionnaire consisted of five items : adaptation, partnership, growth, affection and resolve. The Index Score is ranged from 0 to 10 and is divided into three groups; severly dysfunctional 0-3, moderately dysfunctional 4-6, and highly functional 7-10, for evaluating the family function. For this study, 466 high school students were chosen and divided into two groups; Three-choice response format group (Group I) and five-choice response format group (Group Ⅱ ). For comparison, 200 reformatory students whose age were similar to the Group I were selected. The retest was carried out after an interval of two weeks to Group I . The results of this study are as follows. 1. In Group I, the mean Family APGAR Score is 5.45±2.17. The range of inter-item correlations are 0.18-0.34 and item to total correlations are 0.55-0.63. 2. In Group I , 31.4;% belongs to highly functional families, 48.3% moderately dysfunctional families and 20.3% severely dysfunctional families by Smilksteins' classification. 3. The three-choice response format results in good scale qualities and is simpler although fivechoice response format yields some improvement in psychometric qualities of the instrument. 4. The difference in Family APGAR Scores between high school students group and reformatory students group is statistically significant (P<0.01). 5. The coefficiency of test-retest reliability after and interval of two weeks is 0. 3225, which is statistically significant (P<0.001). As a result, this study suggested the possibility that the Family APGAR Scores could be applied to the Korean for evaluating family function.

디메칠포름아미드에 의한 간기능 장해에 관한 연구

강성규,장재연,이경용,정호근 大韓産業醫學會 1991 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.3 No.1

To investigate the liver dysfunction among workers exposed to dimethylformamide, 24 workers were examined on the liver transaminases and the urine metabolite. The results were as follows: 1. Nine of 24 workers examined had abnormal values in serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), 5 in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 1 in Υ-glutamyl transferase(Υ-GT). The possibilties of hepatitis due to other causes were excluded by the viral serologic tests and other results. 2. The urinary excretion values of N-methylformamide(NMF), metabolite of dimethylformamide(DMF) were over biological exposure index(BEI) in 4 of 24 workers. 3. The air concentration of dimethylformamide was over threshold limit values(TLV-TWA) in 1 of 5 workers sampled by personal air sampler. 4. The correlation coefficients between age, working part and the values of liver transaminases were not statistically significant.

유기용제 중독에 의한 중추신경장애 1예

강성규,이경용,정호근,이영진 大韓産業醫學會 1992 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

We report a case of demyelinating lesion in central nervous system in a 38-year-old female patient who suffered from muscle weakness and disability of standing by herself. She worked for 10 hours in a day at the small footwear factory about 1 year in 1990. Physical examinations showed normal except increased DTRs in the elbows and knees. Clinical laboratory findings were within normal limits. Brain CT and EMC findings were normal. But, brain MRI showed small multiple high signal intensity area on T2 weighted image in right frontal white matter, right fronto-parietal periventricular white matter with localized atrophy in genu and rostrum of corpus callosum. There were no ventilation system in the factory. By the evaluation of work environment 1½ months later, high concentration of toluene, MEK, n-hexane, MIBK, acetone and cyclohexane were detected. We suppose her demyelinating lesion was caused by toluene alone or mixed solvents with toluene and others.

1990년대 한국의 직업성암

강성규,안연순,정호근 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.4

The proportion of cancer as a cause of dearth in Korean has been continuously increas-ing. In 2000, 24 % (59,020 of 247,346) of deaths were caused by cancer. Occupational exposure would have contributed to the deevelopment of some cancers. It would have accounted for more than 2,000 cancers in a year if 4% of all cancer or 10% of lung cancer was regarded as arising from the work environment. However, occupational cancer has not been reported as much as expected. The first case of occupational cancer reported officially was mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure at an asbestos textile industry in 1992. Following the report, many cases of occupational cancers have been reported such as lung cancer due to exposure to asbestos, chromium, exhaust gases, coke oven emissions, and silica, as well as leukemia due to exposure to benzene or other solvent and bladder cancer arising from exposure to benzidine salts. The Health Examination for retirees has been conducted since 1992 in order to detect occupational cancer early in workers who have been exposed to 11 carcinogenic sub-stances. However, to date no occupational cancer has been detected through the Retirees' Health Examination. The Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC) has referred 108 claims for occupational cancer to the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) between 1992 and 2000. Thirty-three cases were accepted, including 14 cases of lung cancer, eight cases of hematopoietic cancer and six cases of mesothelioma. KLWC has accepted the claim for primary lung cancer developed with pneumoconiosis as an occupational cancer, of which there were 31 cases in 1999 and 61 cases in 2000. In conclusion, special attention is required to detect occupational cancer due to their long latency period and the fact they are usually found after retirement.

Cyclophosphamide가 Mouse 肝臟의 燐酸鹽 分解酵素 活性에 미치는 影響

강성준,이군자,정호삼,이규식 한양대학교 의과대학 1985 한양의대 학술지 Vol.5 No.2

Cyclophosphamide which is known as a widely used anticancer drug is very effective against a lymphosarcoma, leukemia and nonneoplasmic diseases such as rhematoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. Cyclophosphamide acts on a DNA as a alkylating agent inhibiting the cell division and growth. And it is also known that metabolites of cyclophosphamide damages the liver cell. The authors have, therefore, undertaken to pursue the effect of cyclophosphamide on the phosphatase activity in the liver. Albino mice, DDY strain, weighing 20gm were used as experimental animals. The experimental animals were administered daily with 200gm of cyclophosphamide per kilogram of body weight were divided into 7-day treatment group and 10-day treatment group. The specimens obtained from the liver were fixed with 10% formalin and sliced at 16 μm thickness in a frozen cryostat. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was observed by the Gomori's method and activity of the adenosine triphosphatase was observed by the Wachstein-Meisel's method for histochemical study. The results were as follows. 1. Alkaline phosphatase activity of the hepatic lobule was moderately positive at the periportal and intermediate zone of the 7-day cyclophosphamide treatment group and trace activity of alkaline phosphatase was observed at the periportal and intermediate zone of the 10-day cyclophosphamide treatment group. 2. Adenosine triphosphatase activity of the hepatic lobule was moderately positive at the periportal, central and intermediate zone of the 7-day cyclophosphamide treatment group and weakly positive at the central and periportal zone of the 10-day cyclophosphamide treatment group.

미국과 영국의 직업성질환 감시체계

강성규,송재철,홍윤철,김성아 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

직업병을 제대로 예방하기 위해서는 첫 단계로 직업병 발생현황을 정확하게 파악하여야 하는데, 우리나라는 근로자 특수건강진단과 공공보험으로서 산재보험이 있음에도 불구하고 일부 직업병에 대해서는 그 현황을 제대로 파악하지 못하고 있다(강성규 등,2000b) 우리나라의 현재 제도로 잘 파악되지 않는 직업병으로는 천식과 같이 소견은 없으면서 증상이 있거나, 근골격계질환이나 피부질환 같이 유병기간이 짧거나, 암과 같이 발병 후 질병이 계속하여 진행되는 것들이다(강성규 등, 2000a) 이러한 질병에 이환된 근로자는 현실적으로 접근이 어려운 특수건강진단기관의 의사나 산업보건의를 찾기보다는 일반 병원에 방문하여 임상의사의 진료를 받게 된다. 이때 임상의사나 근로자가 질병과 직업과의 관련성을 생각할 수 있다면 산재요양신청을 하게 되고 산재통계에서 공식적으로 직업병으로 집계될 수 있을 것이다. 그러나,실제적으로는 이렇게 진행되는 경우는 거의 없기 때문에 많은 직업병들이 발견되지 않고 있다. 설사, 근로자가 질병이 직업적 노출이나 환경에 의해 발생하였다고 생각한다 하더라도 산재요양에서 얻는 이득이 현 직업을 유지해서 얻는 이득보다 크다는 확신이 서지 않으면 선뜻 산재요양신청을 하지 않을 것이고, 주변에 이러한 사실이 알려지는 것도 꺼리게 될 것이다.직업병감시체계의 첫 번째 목적은 위와 같은 이유로 감추어진 직업병을 통계로 끌어내어 그 크기와 요인을 파악하는 것이다. 규모를 파악한다면 예방우선 순위를 설정하는데 도움을 얻을 것이고, 요인을 파악한다면 구체적인 예방전략을 수립할 수 있을 것이다. 경우에 따라서는 각 개개 사례에 대한 중재를 시도할 수 있을 것이다.직업병에 대한 법적인 보고 의무는 미국과 영국에서 모두 시도하고 있지만, 실제 보고되는 비율은 크지 않다. 오히려, 전문가들이나 산업보건 관계자들이 자율적으로 시도하는 보고체계에서 더 풍부하고 좋은자료를 얻고 있다. 우리나라에서도 현재 법적으로 하고 있는 근로자 건강진단 자료를 감시체계의 한 축으로 활용하고, 다른 한편으로는 의사, 보건관리자, 특수건강진단 기판이 참여하는 직업병감시체계를 구축할 수 있다면, 직업병 예방과 근로자 건강보호라는명제에 한 걸음 더 쉽게 다가갈 수 있을 것이다.

국내 카드뮴 취급 사업장의 카드뮴 폭로 실태 평가

강성규,홍정표,김기웅,장재연,정호근,정규철 大韓産業醫學會 1994 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Twenty-four factories registered at the Ministry of Labor as factories using or producing cadmium in 1991 were investigated to know the present state of occupational exposure to cadmium in 1992. Nine factories among 24 stopped using or changed to other substances and 1 factory didn't produce any more, but delivered it to other factories through imports. Therefore, only 14 factories were producing or using cadmium. But, alloying materials were supplied to about 20 and more factories, however, they couldn't be investigated because of limited information. Three factories had less than 50 workers were 3,6 had 50-300 and 5 had more than 300. About 167 workers were exposed to cadmium. According to the classification by process, there were 4 alloy processes, 2 refinary, 2 elctroplating, 2 dry cell making, 1 industrial battery making, 1 duplicator drum making, 1 recycling of battery and 1 copper refinary. 8 factories used metal cadmium, 3 cadmium oxide, 2 cadmium sulfide, and 1 cadmium hyroxide. One factory was importing cadmium stearates only and supplying them to the PVC making factories. The amount of metal cadmium producing in 2 refinary factories was about 50-65 ton per month. The other cadmium compounds were imported. According to exposure level of cadmium air of the 10 factories examined, each factory could be divided into high, moderate and low exposure groups. 1 battery recycling factory and 3 alloy factories were in the high exposure group and their mean air concentrations were 0.06679, 0.05481, 0.02492, and 0.003㎎/㎥, respectively. Refinary and industrial battery making factories were in the middle exposure group and their mean air concentrations were 0.00773 and 0.00613 ㎎/㎥, respectively. Finally, low exposure group were copper smelting, dry cell case making, duplicator drum making and electroplating factory and their mean air concentrations were 0.00096, 0.00071, 0.00057 and 0.00054 ㎎/㎥ respectively.

우리나라 카드뮴 폭로 근로자들의 혈중, 요중 카드뮴과 누적폭로 추정량에 따른 신장장해 평가

강성규,양정선,김기웅,장재연,정호근 大韓産業醫學會 1995 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

88 workers exposed to cadmium were examined at the 12 factories using or producing cadmium in order to know the present state of cadmium exposure and renal dysfunction in 1992. Cadmium in blood and in urine were measured and compared by the 3 exposure level of cadmium in air. Cadmium in blood of low, moderate and high exposure group were 2.5, 3.8 and 7.6 ㎍/L, respectively. Cadmium in urine were 1.8(1.3), 3.8(2.6) and 7.9 ㎍/L(6.1 ㎍/g creatinine), respectively. However, there was no relationship between urinary cadmium and β₂-microglobulin. Cumulative exposure estimate(CEE) was calculated by multiplying the mean ambient cadmium level of the factory and working duration. CEE has a high correlation with cadmium in blood and urine, but no relation to β₂-microglobulin. Because working durations were relatively shorter than European workers', the highest CEE was just 300 ㎍·year/m³, which was not enough to induce renal tubular dysfunction. This study, however, suggested the possibility that renal tubular dysfunction caused by cadmium could be happened in Korea in the near future.