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In-depth considerations for better polyelectrolytes as interfacial materials in polymer solar cells
Yeo, Jun-Seok,Kang, Minji,Jung, Yen-Sook,Kang, Rira,Lee, Seung-Hoon,Heo, Youn-Jung,Jin, Sung-Ho,Kim, Dong-Yu,Na, Seok-In Elsevier 2016 Nano energy Vol.21 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We perform a comprehensive study to achieve better polyelectrolytes (PEs) as electron-transport layers (ETLs) in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Three well-known PEs – PFN, PEIE, and WPF – are chosen as model systems and investigated with variations in their backbone structures and the state of the amine functionalities on their side chains. Respectively optimized PSCs using the three PEs exhibit different cell-performances, mainly owing to the diode characteristics of built-in potential and recombination strength. To identify how such deviated device-performances correlate with the structural features of PEs, the modulated interfaces of ITO/PEs and PEs/active layer are studied in detail. It is found that conjugated backbones and larger counter-anions on side chains can promote the modulation of ITO work functions (WFs) and that a large amount of protonated amines on PEs is beneficial for junction properties with a subsequent active layer. Additionally, our results indicate that interfacial dipole and electrical doping between the PE and active layer, in addition to WF modulation of the ITO cathode, are important for device efficiency. Accordingly, with the aid of the molecular features of PEIE, PEIE-PSCs exhibit excellent device efficiency and stability compared with PFN- and WPF-PSCs. In the PTB7-th:PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM system, a remarkable power-conversion efficiency of 9.97% is achieved with a single PEIE ETL.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Chemical structure and performance of polyelectrolytes (PEs) in PSCs are correlated. </LI> <LI> Interfacial dipole and doping between PEs and active layer lead to efficient PSCs. </LI> <LI> PEIE-based PSCs have excellent device efficiency and high stability. </LI> <LI> Especially, in the PTB7-th system, encouraging efficiency of 9.97% is achieved. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Jung, Chan-Hee,Noh, Yong-Jin,Bae, Jun-Ho,Yu, Jai-Hoon,Hwang, In-Tae,Shin, Junhwa,Shin, Kwanwoo,Lee, Jae-Suk,Choi, Jae-Hak,Na, Seok-In Elsevier 2017 Nano energy Vol.31 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this research, we demonstrate that aliphatic polyacrylonitrile-grafted reduced graphene oxide (PRGO) hybrid can function efficiently as an all-round hole-extraction layer (HEL) in organic and organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite photovoltaic devices (OPVs and PePVs). The hybrid-structure PRGO was developed by facile and scalable in-situ radiation-induced reduction and graft polymerization with polymerizable styryl-functionalized graphene oxide and acrylonitrile. The newly developed PRGO exhibits long-term dispersion stability of six months even up to the high concentration of 10mg/ml. It also shows a full-cover uniform thin-film morphology, good electrical conductivity (0.87S/cm), high work function (4.87eV), and excellent weather stability. Moreover, the incorporation of PRGO (as a HEL) into the OPVs and PePVs results in greater efficiency than chemically-converted graphene nanoflakes references, and device durability superior to poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)-based ones with comparable power conversion efficiencies. Noticeably, our finding demonstrates that the hybrid-structure PRGO provides an all-round and efficient hole-extraction material for use in various conjugated-polymer and perovskite-based PV systems.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PAN-grafted reduced graphene oxide (PRGO) hybrid was newly synthesized. </LI> <LI> PRGO exhibited a uniform thin film with good σ, high WF, and excellent stability. </LI> <LI> Thin film properties of PRGO overwhelmed those of conventional GO and RGOs. </LI> <LI> This worked well as a hole-extraction layer in organic and perovskite photovoltaics. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical absract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Yun, Jin‐,Mun,Yeo, Jun‐,Seok,Kim, Juhwan,Jeong, Hyung‐,Gu,Kim, Dong‐,Yu,Noh, Yong‐,Jin,Kim, Seok‐,Soon,Ku, Bon‐,Cheol,Na, Seok‐,In WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Advanced Materials Vol.23 No.42
<P>Solution‐processable reduced graphene oxide as a hole‐transporting layer for highly efficient and stable organic solar cells is reported on page 4923 by Dong‐Yu Kim, Seok‐In Na, and co‐workers. Introduction of a newly reduced graphene oxide by simple solution processing into solar cells dramatically raises the cell efficiency and cell life‐time. The results will allow full use of chemically reduced graphene and will advance the realization of carbon‐based printable optoelectronic devices. </P>
LC : Evaluation of Adrenal Insufficiency in Cirrhotic Patients in Korea
( Ha Na Yoo ),( Su Rin Shin ),( In Ho Moh ),( Sang Hoon Park ),( Myung Seok Lee ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1
Background: Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is frequent in cirrhotic patients with severe infection or hemodynamic instability. However, there is limited data about the prevalence of AI in stable cirrhotic patients and the impact of etiology of cirrhosis on AI. This study prospectively evaluated prevalence and characteristic of AI in stable cirrhotic using the conventional short synacthen, a synthetic analogue of adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Methods: From July 2011 to Aug 2012, a total of 50 cirrhotic patients without infections or hemodynamic instability admitted to two university-affi liated hospitals were enrolled. AI was defined by a total serum cortisol level < 18 μg/dL at 30 or 60 min after injection of 250 μg of synacthen. Results: Thirty eight patients were men and age was ranged 29-89 years. Etiology of cirrhosis was alcohol/viral hepatitis/ both/others in 26/6/10/8 patients. AI was present in 18 patients (36%). No significant difference was observed regarding age, gender, mean arterial pressures, and heart rates between patients with and without AI. The etiology of cirrhosis and degree of alcohol consumption did not affect presence of AI or basal and peak serum cortisol levels either. Prothrombin time was higher, while albumin was lower in patients with AI than those without AI. However, in multivariate analysis, there was no independent predictor of AI. The prevalence of AI increased according to severity of liver disease (17, 50, and 33% in Child- Pugh class A, B, and C respectively; P=0.174). There were negative correlations between Child-Pugh score and both basal cortisol (γ=-.377, P=0.007) and peak cortisol levels (γ=-.373, P<0.005) Conclusions: In this study, AI was frequent in stable cirrhotic patients without infections or hemodynamic instability. AI was not related to the etiology of cirrhosis or alcohol consumption, either. AI tended to be associated with only severity of liver disease.
Comparison of the Head-up Tilt Test in the Children and Adult
류나리 ( Na Li Yu ),이나미 ( Na Mi Lee ),이대용 ( Dae Yong Yi ),윤신원 ( Sin Weon Yun ),채수안 ( Soo Ahn Chae ),임인석 ( In Seok Lim ) 중앙대학교 의학연구소 2017 中央醫大誌 Vol.42 No.1
Objective: To compare the difference of children (under 18 year-old) and adult (over 40 year-old) in head-up tilt test (HUTT) positive patients. Methods: All patients diagnosed as vasovagal syncope in HUTT from January 2005 to December 2015 in Chung-Ang university hospital. Any patients with underline disease excluded. Results: The mean age was 13.5 years (from 7 to 17 years) and 59.3 years (from 40 to 85 years) in children and adult respectively in HUTT positive patients. There was no sex differences in children and adult [male: 57 (35.4%) vs 65 (43%) (p =0.167)]. The positive rate of passive test was statistically different in two groups [54 patients (33.5%) vs 23 patients (15.2%) (p <0.001)]. The highest heart rate (HR) and delta HR in Type I positive in passive test was statistically different in two groups [highest HR: 107.8 bpm vs 91.0 bpm (p <0.05); increase delta HR: 35.8 bpm vs 22.5 bpm (p <0.001); decrease delta HR 38.0bpm vs 25.6 bpm (p <0.05)]. The HR values except at baseline in Type I positive in provocation test were statistically different in two group [highest HR: 138.4 bpm vs 113.5 bpm (p <0.001); lowest HR: 88.7 bpm vs 77.3 bpm (p <0.05); increase delta HR: 64.5 bpm vs 44.4 bpm (p <0.001), decrease delta HR: 49.7 bpm vs 36.1 bpm (p <0.001)]. Conclusion: The positive rate of passive test and HR differences in HUTT were statically different in two groups. Chung-Ang J Med 2017; 42(1): 17-23
Yeo, Jun-Seok,Yun, Jin-Mun,Kim, Dong-Yu,Park, Sungjun,Kim, Seok-Soon,Yoon, Myung-Han,Kim, Tae-Wook,Na, Seok-In American Chemical Society 2012 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.4 No.5
<P>In the present study, a novel polar-solvent vapor annealing (PSVA) was used to induce a significant structural rearrangement in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films in order to improve their electrical conductivity and work function. The effects of polar-solvent vapor annealing on PEDOT:PSS were systematically compared with those of a conventional solvent additive method (SAM) and investigated in detail by analyzing the changes in conductivity, morphology, top and bottom surface composition, conformational PEDOT chains, and work function. The results confirmed that PSVA induces significant phase separation between excess PSS and PEDOT chains and a spontaneous formation of a highly enriched PSS layer on the top surface of the PEDOT:PSS polymer blend, which in turn leads to better 3-dimensional connections between the conducting PEDOT chains and higher work function. The resultant PSVA-treated PEDOT:PSS anode films exhibited a significantly enhanced conductivity of up to 1057 S cm<SUP>–1</SUP> and a tunable high work function of up to 5.35 eV. The PSVA-treated PEDOT:PSS films were employed as transparent anodes in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) and polymer solar cells (PSCs). The cell performances of organic optoelectronic devices with the PSVA-treated PEDOT:PSS anodes were further improved due to the significant vertical phase separation and the self-organized PSS top surface in PSVA-treated PEDOT:PSS films, which can increase the anode conductivity and work function and allow the direct formation of a functional buffer layer between the active layer and the polymeric electrode. The results of the present study will allow better use and understanding of polymeric-blend materials and will further advance the realization of high-performance indium tin oxide (ITO)-free organic electronics.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2012/aamick.2012.4.issue-5/am300231v/production/images/medium/am-2012-00231v_0009.gif'></P>