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YAG 결정에 첨가된 Tm^3+와 Ho^3+이온의 형광 메카니즘 분석
장만송,서효진 釜慶大學校 2001 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.6 No.-
The fluorescence characteristics of Tm3+ and Ho3+ ions in YAG crystal were investi- gated by using the high-resolution laser spectroscopy. The emission, excitation, power dependence and lifetime measurements were performed. The upconverted and downconverted fluorescence in the range from IR to UV were observed under the excitation into the 3F2 state of Tm3+ and the 5F5 state of Ho3+. The sequential two- photon excitation process (STEP) and energy transfer upconversion (ETU) are dominant mechanisms for the upconversion fluorescence in this system.
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BaFBr:Eu^2+ 형광체의 열발광 및 광자극발광 특성
도시홍,서효진,강갑중,김영국,김도성,김성환,김찬중,이병화,김완,강희동 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.5
BaFBr:Eu^2+ 형광체를 제조하고, 이 형광체의 열발광 특성과 광자극발광 특성을 조사하였다. 이 형광체의 열발광 g1ow 피이크 온도는 352K와 448K였으며, 주 피이크(352K)에 관여하는 트랩의 활성화에너지는 약 0.96eV이었다. 또한 이 형광체의 광자극발광 스펙트럼의 파장범위는 350~450nm 사이였으며, 광자극발광에 기여하는 트랩의 활성화에너지는 약 0.98eV이었다. 열발광트랩과 광자극발광 트랩의 활성화에너지는 실험오차 내에서 일치하였다. BaFBr:Eu^2+ phosphors were prepared, and the thermoluminescence(TL) and photostimulatedluminescence(PSL) of the prepared phosphors were measured. Two glow peaks around 352 and 448 K are observed for x-ray irradiated BaFBr:Eu^2+ phosphors, and the activation energy of the main glow peak(352 K) was about 0.96 eV. The spectral range of the PSL was 350 ~450 nm, and the activation energy of the trap giving rise to PSL was about 0.98 eV. The activation energy of the traps giving rise to TL is agreed to those giving rise to PSL within experimental error.
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임선아,서은주,강성귀,성진효 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2002 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.26 No.2
To investigate the elasticity loss of toothbrush according to the strength of pressure. the shape of brushing plane and the duration of use, thirty toothbrushes of five models were used for this examination among the toothbrushes for adults which have been marketed in the Republic of Korea. After 200g/㎠. 300g/㎠, or 400g/㎠ for 1, 2 or 3 month were loaded on toothbrushes, in rolling method the effect of the duration and strength of pressure and the change of the shape of brushing plane on the elasticity loss of toothbrushes was determined using Toothbrush Stroke Testen(CHUMDAN SYSTEM, Korea). The results are as follows; 1. The elasticity loss of toothbrushes according to 200, 300, or 400g/㎠ pressure was 11.11%, 25.21%, 30.84%, respectively. The elasticity loss of toothbrushes was increased with increasing the strength of the pressure (p<0.001) 2. The elasticity loss of the toothbrushes according to 1, 2, or 3months of the duration of use was in 15.60%, 22.09%, 29.47%, respectively. The elasticity loss of the toothbrushes was increased with increasing the duration of the pressure(p<0.001). 3. The elasticity loss of toothbrushes of convex plane according to 1, 2 or 3 month of the durate of use was 10.36% 18.29% and 24.20% respectively, that of toothbrushes of flat brushing plane according to 1, 2 or 3 months of the duration was 20.08%. 25.87% and 34.74%. respectively. The elasticity loss of the toothbrushes or flat brushing plane was higer than that of convex brushing plane(p<0.05). These results show that the property of the KS is optimal according to the pressure of toothbrushing, the shape of toothbrushos and the duration of toothbrushes using must be checked, and the further studies are needed about that.
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SrCI_2:Eu^2+ 형광체의 광발광 및 광자극발광 특성
도시홍,서효진,김영국,김도성,김성환,김찬중,이병화,김완,강희동 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.6
고상반응법으로 SrCl_2:Eu^2+ 형광체를 제작하고, 제작한 형광체의 광자극발광과 광발광 특성을 조사하였다. SrCl_2:Eu^2+ 형광체와 광발광 및 광자극발광은 Eu^2+ 의 5d->4f 천이에 기인되었으며, 355 nm의 광으로 여기시켰을 때 광자극발광과 광발광 스펙트럼의 파장범위는 모두 380~440nm이었고, 피이크 파장은 407nm이었다. SrCl_2:Eu^2+형광체의 선량의존성은 2.5 mGy~200mGy영역에서 우수한 선형성을 나타내었으며, 상온에서 광자극발광의 fading은 20분에 60%이었다. SrCl_2:Eu^2+ phosphors were prepared by the solid phase reaction method, and their photostimulated luminescence(PSL) and photoluminescence(PL) characteristics were investigated. The PSL and PL peak of the SrCl_2:Eu^2+ phosphors are due to the 5d->4f transition of Eu^2+ ions in phosphors. The PSL and PL spectrum obtained by the 355 nm exitation was observed in 380~440 nm region with the peak at 407 nm. The dose response of the PSL phosphors were linear within 2.5 mGy ~ 200 mGy of 100kV X-ray. The fading of the phosphors at room temperature was approximately 60% after 20 min.
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그람양성구균에 대한 Teicoplanin과 Vancomycin의 시험관내 항균력
최태열,김경숙,전용관,서일혜,김정욱,이웅수,안정열,김홍석,정재용,최효선,김덕언,유진우 대한감염학회 1994 감염 Vol.26 No.1
An increasing frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA), methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS) and Enterococcal infection have been observed in recent years. Teicoplanin is a new glycopeptide antibiotic obstained from the Actinoplanes teicomycetius. The molecular structure and spectrum of antimicrobial activity of teicoplanin is simillar to those of vancomycin, and has been reported to have an excellent in vitro and in vivo effect against various gram-positive infections. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitor susceptibility of gram positive cocci, such as, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci(CNS), and Enterococci to teicoplanin and vancomycin. The total 253 strains consisted of MSSA(40), MRSA(53), MSCNS(47), MRCNS(48), and Enterococci(65). They were assayed by disc diffusion and agar dilution. During the study, 57% of S. aureus and 49% of CNS showed resistance to methicillin. The inhibitory diameter of teicoplanin was 15-20mm in MSSA, 12-19mm in MRSA, 13-24mm in MSCNS, 11-23mm in MRCNS, and 15-22mm in Enterococci respectively, and showed sensitivity in all but 8 strains(3.2%). The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of teicoplanin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS and Enterococci were 9.12-2.0㎍/ml, 0.25-2.0㎍/ml, & 0.25-32㎍/ml, 0.12-1.0㎍/ml respectively. One case of S. haemolyticus was resistant to teicoplanin (32㎍/ml) by the agar dilution method. Eight minor (3.2%) and one major(0.4%) error was observed when the MIC and disk diffusion data were correlated with teicoplanin. As for vancomycin the inhibitory diameter was 17-21mm in MSSA, 15-21mm in MRSA, 18-26mm in MSCNS, 18-25mm in MRCNS, and 16-22mm in Enterococci respectively. The range of the MIC of vancomycin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS, and Enterococci were 0.25-1.0㎍/ml, 0.25-4.0㎍/ml, 0.5-2.0㎍/ml and 0.5-2.0㎍/ml respectively. One minor error (0.4%) was seen with the vancomycin disk. The MIC90 of MSSA and MRSA exhibited the same results in teicoplanin (1.0㎍/ml, 1.0㎍/ml), and vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). MSCNS and MRCNS exhibited greater MIC90 with teicoplanin(4.0㎍/ml, 8.0㎍/ml) than vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). Incontrase Enterococci were more susceptible to teicoplanin(0.5㎍/ml) than to vancomucin (2.0㎍/ml). Results from this analysis indicated that both teicoplanin and vancomycin were very excellent for gram positive infections, especially those resistant to methicillin.
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정신분열병 환자의 KCNN3 유전자에서 나타나는 삼핵산 반복서열
김도관,임신원,고효정,서민영,손성은,이소영,황혜진,진동규,김병로 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.5
연구목적 : 연구자들은 NMDA 수용체의 channel protein 합성에 관여하는 KCNN3 유전자에서 나타나는 삼핵산 반복서열(triple nucleotide repeat, TNR) 확장이 과연 정신분열병의 발병에 기여하는지를 최근 개발된 TNR copy 수를 정량화 함으로써 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 연구대상은 정신과 외래 및 입원 환자 중 정신분열병 환자 245명과 건강 의학센타를 방문한 정상 성인 116명을 각각 선발하였다. 정신분열병 환자들이 정상인에 비하여 불특정 CAG 삼핵산 반복 서열 확장에 차이가 나는지 repeat expansion detection(RED) 방법을 확인한 다음, 그것이 KCNN3이나 CTG18.1 유전자의 CAG 반복서열 증가에 의한 영향인지 분석하였다. 그리고 untranslated region에서 TNR 증가를 불특정하게 일으킬 수 있는 ERDA1의 CAG 삼핵산 반복서열의 영향을 검증함으로써 KCNN3나 CTG18.1 유전자가 정신분열병의 발병에 기여하는 바를 평가하였다. 결 과 : 정신분열병 환자는 정상인에 비하여 KCNN3 유전자 부위에서 TNR 확장이 현저한 longer allele이 빈번하게 관찰되었다. 즉, KCNN3 유전자 부위에서 CAG 삼핵산 반복이 19번 이상 확장되는 염색체가 신분열병 환자군에서는 73.3% 발견되는 데 비해서 정상인군에서는 65.1% 발견되어 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.029, Fisher's exact test). 이러한 차이는 가족력이 있는 정신분열병 환자군(79.7%)에서 가족력이 없는 환자군(70.8%)보다 더욱 현저하게 관찰되었다(p=0.003, Fisher's exact test). 음성형과 양성형 정신분열병 환자군 간에서의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. CTG18.1 유전자 부위의 TNR 확장이나 불특정 부위 염색체 전체에서의 TNR 확장은 환자군과 정상 대조군 간에 차이가 없었다. 환자군과 대조군 모두에서 불특정 TNR 확장은 ERDA1의 전사와 유의하게 관련성이 있었다(각각 r=0.45, p<0.001 ; r=0.44, p<0.001). 하지만 KCNN3 유전자 부위에서 TNR 확장은 ERDA1 score와 유의한 관련성을 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과는 KCNN3 유전자가 한국인 정신분열병의, 특히 가족력이 있는 정신분열병의, 발병에 관여할 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 ERDA1 전사는 불특정 TNR 확장의 원인으로 작용한다는 가설을 뒷받침한다. Objects : We investigated a possible association between the polymophic trinucleotide repeat(TNR) expansion in neuronal potassium channel gene KCNN3 and schizophrenia. Methods : CAG/CTG repeat distribution in KCNN3, CTG8.1 and ERDA1 was examined and the copy number of ligation product in repeat expansion detection(RED) was measured in Korean patients with schizophrenia(n=245) and ethnically matched healthy controls(n=116). Results : Longer alleles in the KCNN3 gene were over-represented in patients. The frequency of alleles with CAG repeats longer than 19 copy in the KCNN3 gene was higher in the patients with schizophrenia as compared to controls(73.3% vs 65.1% ; p=0.029, Fisher's exact test). And this difference was more prominent in schizophrenic patients with familial background(p=0.03, Fisher's exact test). We found no difference in the frequency of longer alleles between negative and positive subtypes of schizophrenia. Ligation product size in RED and alleles with CAG repeat number in the CTG18.1 gene was not increased in the patients. The copy number of ligation product in RED was highly correlated with CAG/CTG copies if ERDA1 in the patient group(r=0.45, p<0.001) as well as in the control group(r=0.44, p=<0.001). However, CAG repeat length in the KCNN3 gene was not correlated with ERDA1 score. Conclusions : Our results support the hypothesis that the longer allele of KCNN3 may be considered as a candidate gene for schizophrenia, especially in the case with familial background. And the RED assay results was affected by the CAG copy number of ERDA1.
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