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Benchmark Results on the Linearized Equations of Motion of an Uncontrolled Bicycle
A.L. Schwab,J.P. Meijaard,J.M. Papadopoulos 대한기계학회 2005 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.19 No.1S
In this paper we present the lineanzed equations of motion for a bicycle as a benchmark The results obtained by pencil-and-paper and two programs are compared The bicycle model we consider here consists of four rigid bodies, viz a rear frame, a front frame being the front fork and handlebar assembly, a rear wheel and a front wheel, which are connected by revolute Joints<br/> The contact between the knife-edge wheels and the flat level surface is modelled by holonomic constraints In the normal direction and by non-holonomic constraints In the longitudinal and lateral direction The rider is rigidly attached to the rear frame With hands free from the hand-lebat This system has these degrees of freedom, the roll, the steer, and the forward speed For the benchmark we consider the linear Ized equations for small perturbations of the upright steady forward motion The entries of the matrices of these equations form the basis for comparison Three diffrent kinds of methods to obtain the results are compared pencil-and-paper, the numeric multibody dynamics program SPACAR, and the symbolic software system Autosim Because the results of the three methods are the same within the machine round-off error, we assume that the results are correct and can be used as a bicycle dynamics benchmark<br/>
Reciprocal changes in cervical spine alignment after corrective thoracolumbar deformity surgery.
Ha, Yoon,Schwab, Frank,Lafage, Virginie,Mundis, Gregory,Shaffrey, Christopher,Smith, Justin,Bess, Shay,Ames, Christopher Springer-Verlag 2014 European spine journal Vol.23 No.3
<P>To identify changes in cervical alignment parameters following surgical correction of thoracolumbar deformity and then assess the preoperative parameters which induce changes in cervical alignment following corrective thoracolumbar deformity surgery.</P>
Intracranial Pressure and Experimental Model of Diffuse Brain Injury in Rats
Blaha, Martin,Schwab, Juraj,Vajnerova, Olga,Bednar, Michal,Vajner, Ludek,Michal, Tichy The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2010 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.47 No.1
Objective: In this study, we present a simple closed head injury model as a two-stage experiment. The height of the weight drop enables gradation of head trauma severity. Methods: The head injury device consists of three parts and there are three adjustable parameters-weight (100-600 g). height of fall (5-100 cm) and elasticity of the springs. Thirty male Wistar rats underwent monitoring of intracranial pressure with and without induction of the head injury. Results: The weight drop from 45 to 100 cm led to immediate seizure activity and early death of the experimental animals. Severe head injury was induced from 40 cm weight drop. There was 50% mortality and all surviving rats had behavioral deterioration. Intracranial pressure was 9.3${\pm}$3.76 mmHg. Moderate head injury was induced from 35 cm, mortality decreased to 20-40%, only half of the animals showed behavioral pathology and intracranial pressure was 7.6${\pm}$3.54 mmHg. Weight drop from 30 cm caused mild head injury without mortality and neurological deterioration. Intracranial pressure was slightly higher compared to sham group- 5.5${\pm}$0.74 mmHg and 2.9${\pm}$0.81 mmHg respectively. Conclusion: This model is an eligible tool to create graded brain injury with stepwise intracranial pressure elevation.
Typhoon-generated microseisms observed from the short-period KSRS array
이우동,조봉곤,Fred Schwab,Sat-Byul Jung 한국지질과학협의회 2012 Geosciences Journal Vol.16 No.4
The seismic-noise data recorded on 19 vertical-component short-period seismometers of the KSRS seismic array are analyzed (1) to determine whether typhoons in the Pacific Ocean can be tracked accurately, and (2) to explore the seismic phases comprising the noise field recorded at the array. For our tests, two super typhoons, Sinlaku and Rammasun of 2008, were selected on the basis of their strength and wide azimuthal coverage from the seismic array. To track the source of DF microseisms, f-k analysis was applied to the KSRS data to estimate the back azimuth of the 0.2–0.7 Hz noise field (DF microseisms). These computed back azimuths show good agreement with the known values to the centers of the NW Pacific typhoons. This clearly indicates that these typhoons were the main source of microseisms during their passing. The seismic phases in our DF microseism band are investigated with the phase velocities from our f-k analysis. The estimated horizontal phase velocities range from 3.2 to 3.8 km/s, with an average of about 3.5 km/s. This indicates that the major phases of the observed DF microseisms are surface waves consisting of mostly P-SV Mode 1 and Mode 2—in amplitude ratio A1/A2=1/3—and possibly some Mode 3.
( Michael Zock ),( Didier Schwab ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2011 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.12 No.3
Natural language production requires both a grammar and a lexicon. In this article, we deal only with the latter, trying to enhance an existing electronic resource to allow for search via navigation in a huge associative network. Our primary focus is on the structure of the lexicon (i.e. its indexing scheme). This issue has often been overlooked, yet it is crucial, as it determines to a large extent the chances of finding the word a language user (speaker/writer) is looking for. While researchers working on natural language generation (NLG) have given a lot of thought to lexicalization (i.e. the mapping of meanings to forms), lexical access has received no attention at all. Lexicalization is generally considered to be only a choice problem, the assumption being that stored data can always be accessed. While this may hold for machines, it does not always hold for people, as is well attested by the "tip-of-the-tongue" problem. A speaker may know a word, yet still be unable to access it. However, even machines may experience access problems. We illustrate this last point via a small experiment, showing how a well-known lexical resource (Word Net) may fail to reveal information (words) it contains. Additionally, in this article we show how a lexicon might be organized or indexed to allow language users to find the words they are looking for quickly and naturally.
강지인,Naobumi Hosogane,Christopher Ames,Frank Schwab,Robert Hart,Douglas Burton,Christopher Shaffrey,Justin S. Smith,Shay Bess,조규정,하윤 대한척추신경외과학회 2018 Neurospine Vol.15 No.4
Objective: This study is aimed to investigate whether surgical strategies for adult spinal deformity (ASD) treatment differed among Korean physicians. Methods: This study is retrospective questionnaire-based study. ASD is challenging to manage, with a broad range of clinical and radiological presentations. To investigate possible nationality- or ethnicity-related differences in the surgical strategies adopted for ASD treatment, the International Spine Study Group surveyed physicians’ responses to 16 cases of ASD. We reviewed the answers to this survey from Korean physicians. Korean orthopedic surgeons (OS) and neurosurgeons (NS) received a questionnaire containing 16 cases and response forms via email. After reviewing the cases, physicians were asked to indicate whether they would treat each case with decompression or fusion. If fusion was chosen, physicians were also asked to indicate whether they would perform 3-column osteotomy. Retrospective chi-square analyses were performed to investigate whether the answers to each question differed according to training specialty or amount of surgical experience. Results: Twenty-nine physicians responded to our survey, of whom 12 were OS and 17 were NS. In addition, 18 (62.1%) had more than 10 years of experience in ASD correction and were assigned to the M10 group, while 11 (37.9%) had less than 10 years of experience and were assigned to the L10 group. We found that for all cases, the surgical strategies favored did not significantly differ between OS and NS or between the M10 and L10 groups. However, for both fusion surgery and 3-column osteotomy, opinions were divided regarding the necessity of the procedures in 4 of the 16 cases. Conclusion: The surgical strategies favored by physicians were similar for most cases regardless of their training specialty or experience. This suggests that these factors do not affect the surgical strategies selected for ASD treatment, with patient clinical and radiological characteristics having greater importance.