Reduced graphene oxide modified smart conducting paper for cancer biosensor

Kumar, Saurabh,Kumar, Suveen,Srivastava, Saurabh,Yadav, Birendra K.,Lee, Seung H.,Sharma, Jai G.,Doval, Dinesh C.,Malhotra, Bansi D. Elsevier 2015 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol.73 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report results of the studies relating to the fabrication of a paper based sensor comprising of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite. The effect of various solvents like methanol, ethylene glycol and H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> on the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS coated Whatman paper has been investigated. The conductivity of this solution processed conducting paper significantly increases from ~1.16×10<SUP>−4</SUP> Scm<SUP>−1</SUP> up to ~3.57×10<SUP>−2</SUP> Scm<SUP>−1</SUP> (~300 times) on treatment with ethylene glycol. The observed significant increase in electrical conductivity is due to conformational rearrangement in the polymer and is due to strong non-covalent cooperative interaction between PEDOT and the cellulose molecules. Further, incorporation of RGO into the conducting paper results in improved electrochemical performance and signal stability. This paper electrode is a promising alternative over the expensive conventional electrodes (ITO, gold and glassy carbon), that are known to have limited application in smart point-of-care (POC) devices. This low cost, flexible and environment friendly conducting paper based biosensor utilized for cancer biomarker (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA) detection reveals high sensitivity of 25.8µAng<SUP>−1</SUP> mLcm<SUP>−2</SUP> in the physiological range, 1–10ngmL<SUP>−1</SUP>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Solution processed reduced graphene oxide modified conducting paper sensor is reported for cancer detection. </LI> <LI> This paper sensor is exceptionally low cost, flexible and disposable. </LI> <LI> It exhibits high sensitivity of 25.8µAng<SUP>−1</SUP> mLcm<SUP>−2</SUP> in the detection range of 1–10ngmL<SUP>−1</SUP> for cancer biomarker (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA) detection. </LI> <LI> This conducting paper electrode is a promising alternative over the expensive conventional electrodes (ITO, gold and glassy carbon) for application to POC devices. </LI> </UL> </P>

Extrapolation of significant genes and transcriptional regulatory networks involved in Zea mays in response in UV-B stress

Saurabh Gupta,Vikas Gupta,Vishal Singh,Pritish Kumar Varadwaj 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.9

A wide range of plant species growth influenced when they exposed to solar UV-B radiation. Leaves of the plant are highly affected by UV-B radiation lead to the reduction in the growth of the plant. Current work demonstrates the comparative transcriptional changes and visible symptoms occurred in the maize leaf growth zone (GZ). Primary objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responsible for leaf growth and their association in the transcriptional regulatory network under UV-B stress. Whole transcriptomic data was analysed and the quality check was tested for each sample and further genome-wide mapping and DEGs were performed. Gene Ontology (GO) based functional annotation, associated transcriptional networks and molecular pathways were annotated. Reduction in cell production due to UV-B stress causes a decrease in leaf’s length and size was observed. Further, the specific role of the DEGs, in UV-B signalling pathways and other molecular functions responsible for leaf cell death was discovered. Results also infer that the major changes occurred in the cell cycle, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional modification, phytohormones, flavonoids biosynthesis, and chromatin remodeling. UV-B signalling pathways and the transcriptional regulatory networks infer the different molecular steps along with downstream transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of metabolic enzymes used in long-term memory adoption and attainment resistance to UV-B stress identified. Effects of UV-B radiation on leaf growth was noted in this study. UV-B stress response genes and associated transcriptional regulatory networks were identified, can be used in developing the marker assist UB-B stress tolerant genotypes of the maize.

Orbital IgG4 Disease: Imaging Findings on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT

Saurabh Arora,Nishikant A. Damle,Rachna Meel,Sanjay Sharma,Seema Sen,Chandrasekar Bal,Kanak Lata,Sneha Prakash,Divya Yadav,Meivel Angamuthu 대한핵의학회 2019 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.53 No.6

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)–related diseases are a spectrum of systemic inflammatory conditions of unknown etiology, which are characterized by infiltration of tissues by IgG4 plasma cells and sclerosing inflammation (Cheuk and Chan Adv Anat Pathol 17:303–32, 2010). Although this condition was initially described in relation to autoimmune pancreatitis, now it has been reported in almost every organ system of body (Zen and Nakanuma Am J Surg Pathol 34:1812–9, 2010, Masaki et al. Ann Rheuma Dis 68:1310–5, 2009). Orbital involvement by IgG4 disease can involve extraocular muscles (EOM), lacrimal glands, conjunctiva, eyelids, infraorbital nerve, orbital fat, and nasolacrimal system (McNab and McKelvie. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 31:167–78, 2015, Katsura et al. Neuroradiology 54:873–82, 2012). The basis of using 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT in IgG4 orbital disease is the known expression of somatostatin receptors in chronic inflammatory cells (Cuccurullo et al. Indian J Radiol Imaging 27:509-16, 2017) and also avidity shown previously in other IgG4-related diseases (Cheng et al. Clin Nucl Med 43:773-6, 2018).

RAGAMALA: the visual representation of melody types in Northern India

Saurabh Goswami,Selina Thielemann 아시아음악학회 2005 Asian Musicology Vol.7 No.-

Forgery Detection Scheme Using Enhanced Markov Model and LBP Texture Operator in Low Quality Images

Saurabh Agarwal(아가왈 사우랍),Ki-Hyun Jung(정기현) 한국정보보호학회 2021 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.31 No.6

본 논문에서는 저품질 이미지에 적용된 미디언 필터링를 검출하는 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 이러한 미디언 필터링 검출은 이미지 포렌식 기법에 사용되고 있는 것으로 제안된 방법에서는 원본 이미지와 미디언 필터링된 이미지를 구분하기 위하여 공간 영역에서 통계적 특징 정보를 추출하고 확장시킨다. 확장된 특징 정보는 마르코프 모델을 사용하고 강인한 특징 집합을 생성하기 위하여 다중 방향 배열을 사용한다. 제안된 방법에서는 검출 정확도를 높이기 위하여 텍스처 연산자를 사용하고 SVM 분류기를 통하여 분류 모델을 훈련시킨다. 실험 결과에서는 JPEG 압축을 사용한 저품질 이미지에서 제안한 방법의 우수함을 보인다. Image forensic is performed to check image limpidness. In this paper, a robust scheme is discussed to detect median filtering in low quality images. Detection of median filtering assists in overall image forensic. Improved spatial statistical features are extracted from the image to classify pristine and median filtered images. Image array data is rescaled to enhance the spatial statistical information. Features are extracted using Markov model on enhanced spatial statistics. Multiple difference arrays are considered in different directions for robust feature set. Further, texture operator features are combined to increase the detection accuracy and SVM binary classifier is applied to train the classification model. Experimental results are promising for images of low quality JPEG compression.

Compact Modeling of a HfO2 Memristor Cell with Dependence on Compliance Current for Large-area Simulations

Saurabh Suredra Joshi,Soo Min Kim,Chang-Hyun Kim,Seongjae Cho 대한전자공학회 2023 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.23 No.6

As a next-generation memory, resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) is an emerging memory device owing to its high cell scalability suitable to high-density memory array, data nonvolatility, and high operation speeds. A compact model of an ReRAM with HfO2 as the switching layer material is developed for circuit and system-level simulations in this work. The developed model enables higher level simulation tasks not only for the memory cell operations in the highly packed array and but also for describing the synaptic behaviors in the hardware neuromorphic systems. Inherently dynamic cell operation characteristics and cell-to-cell variability are reflected for more accurate higher-level simulations. The model is validated by the device characteristics experimentally obtained in the existing reports. The representation of multi-level conductance values by controlling the compliance current has been fused into the compact model.

Nitric Oxide Metabolite Concentration in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Useful as a Prognostic Marker?

Saurabh Singh,Jyoti Prakash,Rakesh Singh,Ashish Verma,Hemant Bansal 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.5

Study Design: Prospective study. Purpose: To establish the significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nitric oxide metabolite (NOx) concentration in acute spinal cord injury (SCI) patients to assess the neurological severity and prognosis. Overview of Literature: Quantitative analysis of specific biomarkers in CSF will assess neurological severity more accurately and permit the formulation of a more precise management plan. Methods: Forty SCI patients represented the cases and 20 lower limb injury patients were the controls. NOx concentration in CSF was measured at week 1, 2, and 4 by Griess method. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, T2-weighted) done in each case to measure cord edema and neurological severity was assessed using the Frankel classification. Results: CSF NOx concentration peaked at week 2 and declined to normal by week 4. The concentration remained normal in controls. Mean NOx concentration was directly proportional to the severity of acute SCI as correlated with cord edema seen in MRI and neurological severity assessed. Conclusions: CSF NOx concentration can be considered a specific quantitative biomarker in acute stage of SCI to predict the severity and prognosis of SCI patients.

Management of inflammatory bowel disease in older persons: evolving paradigms

( Saurabh Kedia ),( Jimmy K. Limdi ),( Vineet Ahuja ) 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.2

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing, and considering the aging population, this number is set to increase further in the future. The clinical features and natural history of elderly-onset IBD have many similarities with those of IBD in younger patients, but with significant differences including a broader differential diagnosis. The relative lack of data specific to elderly patients with IBD, often stemming from their typical exclusion from clinical trials, has made clinical decision-making somewhat challenging. Treatment decisions in elderly patients with IBD must take into account age-specific concerns such as comorbidities, locomotor and cognitive function, and polypharmacy, to set realistic treatment targets in order to enable personalized treatment and minimize harm. Notwithstanding paucity of clinical data, recent studies have provided valuable insights, which, taken together with information gleaned from previous studies, can broaden our understanding of IBD. These insights may contribute to the development of paradigms for the holistic and, when possible, evidence-based management of this potentially vulnerable population and are the focus of this review. (Intest Res 2018;16:194-208)

Charge Optimization in Window Air Conditioner with Commercial LPG (Hydrocarbon Blend)

Saurabh Gupta,Srinivas Pendyala 대한설비공학회 2021 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.29 No.2

In this paper, the window air conditioner performance with commercial LPG as a replacement of HFC134a is assessed with modified capillary lengths for charge optimization. Global Warming Potential (GWP) of commercial LPG is only three, which is neglected compared to HFC134a (1300). Flammability issues will also be reduced in charge optimization and adopting safety standards. Initially, baseline tests are conducted with HFC134a and commercial LPG in the existing system, and optimum refrigerant charge is determined. The simulation study is conducted with modified capillary lengths for charge reduction of commercial LPG. Experimental assessment is conducted for the charge optimization as per IS 1349 (Part 1) for low ambient test conditions (Domestic Test-DT and Export Test A-ETA) and high ambient test conditions (Export Test B-ETB). With the optimized capillary length and optimum charge quantity, 0.4–2.03% higher cooling capacity, 0.62–8.9% lesser power consumption, and 10.49–16.4% higher COP are achieved with commercial LPG than that of HFC134a baseline at low and high ambient test conditions, respectively.

New protocol for simplified reduction and fixation of subcondylar fractures of the mandible: a technical note

Saurabh Mohandas Kamat,Vikas Dhupar,Francis Akkara 대한구강악안면외과학회 2021 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.47 No.5

The dilemma regarding the management of condylar fractures generally revolves around the surgical approach, implant design, and the surgeon’s experience. Zide and Kent’s guidelines streamlined the decision making process for condylar fractures. However, there exists no standardized protocol for reduction and fixation of condylar fractures. Here, we have described a detailed and stepwise protocol, common to any surgical approach, that would lead to predictable, reproducible, and repeatable results in every surgeon’s hands.