비실시간 온라인 영어 수업에 대한 고등학교 학생과 교사의 인식 비교 연구

이상민 ( Lee¸ Sangmin ),정양수 ( Jung¸ Yang-soo ) 한국현대언어학회 2021 언어연구 Vol.37 No.2

The Journal of Studies in Language 37.2, 181-196. A Comparative Study on the Perceptions of Korean High School Students and Teachers about Asynchronous Online English Classes. The purpose of this study is to compare the perceptions of students and teachers about the current online English teaching and learning since the outbreak of COVID-19. For this study, questionnaires have been used for 513 students and 10 teachers of a girls’ high school located in “D” city, South Korea. The results are as follows: First, there were no significant differences in student and teacher perceptions depending on the subcategories of online English learning. Second, both groups showed the average level of satisfaction with online English classes. Third, both groups showed the necessity for encouraging interaction among class participants. Considering the results above, interaction among class participants should be encouraged by either implementing synchronous mode of class or any other way. This research was based solely on the asynchronous mode of online education with class video contents, so it was not able to comprise other varieties of online learning. (Chongchon High School · Chungnam National University)

미국 특허소송에 있어서 판결의 효력 ―기판력 및 Kessler 법리에 관한 연방특허항소법원의 판결을 중심으로―

정상민 ( Jung¸ Sangmin ) 한국지식재산연구원 2020 지식재산연구 Vol.15 No.4

연방특허항소법원은 기판력, 즉 청구배제효와 관련하여 청구가 본질적으로 동일한 경우 후소를 배제하고, 부수적 금반언, 즉 쟁점배제효에 관하여는 이를 특허소송에 적용함에 있어 대체로 분쟁의 일회적 해결을 중시하고 있다. 특허소송에 고유한 법리인 Kessler 법리는 연방대법원의 Kessler 판결(1907년)에서 유래한 것으로, 판결 이후의 행위에 대하여 청구배제효가 적용되지 않고, 요건을 흠결하여 쟁점배제효도 성립하지 않는 경우 발생하는 간극을 메운다. 그에 따라 승소한 제조자 및 소비자는 특허권자의 법적 괴롭힘으로부터 보호된다. 연방특허항소법원은 2014년 Brain 판결에서 Kessler 법리를 부활시킨 이후, 2015년 SpeedTrack 판결에서 제조자가 소송에 참가하지 않았더라도 소비자가 직접 Kessler 법리를 원용할 수 있다고 하고, 2018년 SimpleAir v. Google 판결에서 Kessler 법리는 청구배제효와 마찬가지로 청구항이 ‘본질적으로 동일한’ 경우에 한하여 적용된다고 하였으며, 나아가 2020년 Amazon의 소비자들을 상대로 제기된 In Re PersonalWeb 판결에서는 쟁점 배제효와 달리 전소에서 실체적으로 심리를 받지 않았더라도 Kessler 법리가 적용될 수 있다고 판단하였다, 그 배경에는 IT산업, 플랫폼 서비스의 발전 등이 자리 잡고 있는바, 특허권자가 불특정다수의 소비자를 상대로 재차 특허분쟁을 일으키는 것을 통제하는 법리로서 활용가치가 있다. The Federal Circuit(CAFC) applies Claim Preclusion in case of claims in both suits are essentially the same, but not to activity after the date of judgment. Also CAFC made a lot of ruling about Collateral Estoppel, i.e. Issue Preclusion in consideration of patent litigation. And there is a tendency to enlarge the application of Res Judicata for judicial economy. The Kessler doctrine, which is a unique law to patent litigation, originated from the Kessler v. Eldred, 206 U.S. 285(1907). The Kessler doctrine fills the gap left by both preclusion. The Kessler doctrine protect an adjudged non-infringer and its customer from repeated legal harassment. The Federal Circuit brings the Kessler doctrine to life in Brain Life(2014), and broadens application of the Kessler doctrine by empowering customers to invoke it in SpeedTrack(2015). In SimpleAir (2018), CAFC stated that the Kessler doctrine applies only if scope of patent claims in both suits are essentially the same, but In Re PersonalWeb(2020), the Federal Circuit said non-infringement need not be actually litigated to invoke the Kessler dictrine contrary to collateral estoppel. It could be valuable and useful as a legal principle to control patent disputes against an unspecified number of consumers again.

The Effects of Baffles in Flask on Cultivation of Methanotroph

Sangmin JUNG,Jeongeol NA,ByungKeun OH 한국생물공학회 2018 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.4

Pathway engineering of guanosine 5’-diphosphate (GDP)-L-fucose in engineered Escherichia coli for 2’-fucosyllactose production

SangMin JUNG 한국생물공학회 2016 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10

A Low Cost Utility Interactive Inverter for Residential Fuel Cell Generation

Sangmin Jung,Youngsang Bae,Sewan Choi,Hyosung Kim Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2007 IEEE transactions on power electronics Vol.22 No.6

<P>This paper presents the development of a single-phase utility-interactive inverter for residential power generation to meet the specifications laid down for the 2005 Future Energy Challenge Competition sponsored by U.S. DOE and IEEE. The proposed inverter system is capable of working in both stand-alone and grid-connected mode. A control scheme for implementing both modes of operation is presented, which has simple structure with smaller number of sensors. The proposed control algorithm including the whole system control is implemented on a low cost, fixed-point DSP TMS320F2812. The experimental results from a 1 kW prototype show that the proposed inverter system exhibits not only low THD grid current during the grid-connected mode and well regulated inverter voltage during the stand-alone mode, but also smooth and automatic transfer between the two modes of operation.</P>

Assessing the effects of anti-angiogenic drugs on angiogenesis phenotype using a high-throughput microfluidic platform

Sangmin Jung(정상민),Sunghun Choeng(정성훈),Noo Li Jeon(전누리) 대한기계학회 2023 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2023 No.4

Improvement of Gas Transfer Efficiency through Flask with Baffles

SangMin JUNG,JeongGeol NA,ByungKeun OH 한국생물공학회 2018 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.10

The Effects of Baffles in Flask on Cultivation of Methanotroph

SangMin JUNG,YeounEun IM,HyeonSoo KIM,YuJin KIM,JunHee HAN,SeungHoe KIM,JeongGeol NA,JinWon LEE,ByungKeun OH 한국생물공학회 2017 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

Potential-Controlled Current Responses from Staircase to Blip in Single Pt Nanoparticle Collisions on a Ni Ultramicroelectrode

Jung, A Ram,Lee, Sangmin,Joo, Jin Woo,Shin, Changhwan,Bae, Hyeonhu,Moon, Sun Gyu,Kwon, Seong Jung American Chemical Society 2015 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.137 No.5

<P>Collisions of electrocatalytic platinum (Pt) single nanoparticles (NPs) with a less electrocatalytic nickel (Ni) ultramicroelectrode (UME) surface were detected by amplification of the current by electrocatalysis of NPs. Two typical types of current responses, a current staircase or blip (or spike), in single NP collision experiments were observed at a time with a new system consisting of Pt NP/Ni UME/hydrazine oxidation. The staircase current response was obtained when the collided NPs were attached to the electrode and continued to produce electrocatalytic current. On the other hand, the blip current response was believed to be obtained when the NP attached but was deactivated. The different current responses depend on the different electrocatalytic reaction mechanism, characteristics of the NP, or the electrode material. How the deactivation of the electrocatalytic process affects on the current response of NP collision was investigated using the Ni UME. The current response of a single Pt NP collision is controllable from staircase to blip by changing the applied potential. The current response of the Pt NP was observed as a staircase response with 0 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and as a blip response with 0.1 V (vs Ag/AgCl) applied to the Ni UME.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2015/jacsat.2015.137.issue-5/ja511858c/production/images/medium/ja-2014-11858c_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja511858c'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

발생액의 질이 기업신용등급 및 타인자본비용에 미치는 영향: 본질적 및 재량적 발생액의 질을 중심으로

정상민(Sangmin Jung) 글로벌경영학회 2018 글로벌경영학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.1

This study investigate whether credit rating agencies and debtholders take into account accruals quality, a proxy for the information risk associated with earnings. Also, this study distinguishes accruals quality driven by economic fundamentals (innate AQ) versus management discretion (discretionary AQ) following Francis et al. (2005) and investigates whether accruals quality affect credit rating and cost of debt differently depending on the source of accruals quality. Accruals quality (AQ) is measured by the extent to which total current accruals accurately map into operating cash flow realizations. This approach was originally developed by Dechow and Dichev (2002) and modified by McNichols (2002). That is, accruals quality tells investors about the mapping of accounting earnings into cash flows. Relatively poor accruals quality weakens this mapping and, therefore, increases information risk. Therefore, measuring accruals quality (AQ) as the standard deviation of residuals from regressions relating current accruals to cash flows, this paper expected that poorer AQ is associated with lower credit rating and larger costs of debt. For the analysis, this paper measure credit rating information comes from KISVALUE. The corporate credit ratings have from 1 point to 10 points. 1 point represents firms with the worst credit rank and 10 points represents firms with the best credit rank (Park and Nam 2010). Following the prior studies (e.g., Park and Kim 2013; Park and Yoon 2013 etc.), this paper employ the average interest rates and the yield spread of interest rates as proxies for the cost of debt. Also, following Francis et al. (2005) to estimate AQ and its both components (innate AQ vs. discretionary AQ) as a proxy of earnings quality. This study examine all listed firms in the Korean stock market with available corporate credit ratings and cost of debt. Therefore, this study uses the total 15,090 firm-year observations for the period from 2003 to 2015. The empirical findings of this paper are following. First, after controlling for several factors that affect credit rating and cost of debt, there are a statistically significantly negative association between credit rating and AQ, and also significantly positive association between cost of debt and AQ at 1% level respectively. This results show that the relatively poor accruals quality pricing effect are related to information risk associated with earnings. Second, this paper also distinguish between total accruals quality driven by economic fundamentals (innate AQ) versus management choices (discretionary AQ), find that both components have significant effects on credit rating and cost of debt respectively, but innate AQ effects are significantly larger than discretionary AQeffects. This result implies that both credit rating agencies and debtholders’ response varies with the source of accruals quality. This study is different in that we examine direct relation between credit rating and cost of debt and information risk measured as accruals quality using Korean data. Overall. the results of this paper suggest that the credit rating agencies and creditors appreciate accruals quality and its components in listed firms. Thus, the findings of this paper contribute to the related literature on the relationship between accruals quality and market reaction by providing empirical results. This research also contributes to provide useful information related to accruals quality, a proxy for the information risk associated with earnings to scholars as well as investors, practitioners, and regulators. Furthermore, researchers who are interested in this area can also apply the discussion in this paper for the related studies. 본 연구는 발생액의 질이 기업신용등급과 타인자본비용에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 실증적으로 분석하고, 또한 발생액의 질의 원천에 따라서도 살펴보았다. 나아가 본질적 발생액의 질과 재량적 발생액의 질 중 어떤 정보위험이 상대적으로 더 중요하게 기업신용등급 및 타인자본비용에 반영되는지를 알아보았다. 이를 위하여 Francis et al.(2005)의 방법에 따라 총발생액의 질의 구성요소인 본질적 발생액의 질과 재량적 발생액의 질을 추정한 후 기업신용등급 및 타인자본비용과의 관계를 살펴보았다. 분석기간은 2003년부터 2015년까 지이고, 표본은 상장기업 중 금융업을 제외한 12월 결산법인을 대상으로 하였다. 실증결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일정 변수를 통제한 후에도 발생액의 질이 낮을수록 유의하게 기업신용등 급이 낮고, 타인자본비용은 높게 나타났다. 이 결과는 발생액의 질이 낮을수록 미래 현금흐름에 대한 정보의 불확실성이 높기 때문에 신용평가기관이나 채권투자자 모두 이들 기업에 패널티를 부과한다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 발생액의 질을 그 원천에 따라 본질적 발생액의 질과 재량적 발생액의 질로 나누어 분석한 경우도 발생액의 질의 각 구성요소가 낮을수록 기업신용등급이 낮고, 타인자본비용은 높게 나타났다. 이는 원천에 관계없이 발생액의 질이 낮을수록 정보위험의 증가로 시장반응이 부정적임을 나타낸다. 셋째, 본질적 발생액의 질이 기업신용등급이나 타인자본비용에 미치는 효과는 재량적 발생액의 질의 경우보다 상대적 으로 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 경영자의 재량이 포함된 발생액의 질보다는 사업의 불확실성으로 인한 발생액의 질이 낮은 경우에 보다 민감하게 반응한 결과로서 투자자나 감사인 측면에서 살펴본 선행연구와도 일치한다. 이상의 본 연구결과는 발생액의 질과 그 원천 모두 신용평가기관 및 채권투자자에게 이익의 질과 관련한 정보위험으로서 중요한 요소임을 보여주었다는 데 의미가 있다. 아울러 본 연구결과는 학계의 관련연구에 보완적이면서 추가적인 실증적 증거를 제공할 뿐만 아니라 투자자, 실무계 및 규제당국에게도 발생액의 질이 낮을 때 기업평가에 전문성이 있는 신용평가기관이나 채권투자자들은 어떻게 반응하는지와 관련한 전반 적인 이해에도 유익한 시사점을 더불어 제공한다.