Transglutaminase II interacts with rac1, regulates production of reactive oxygen species, expression of snail, secretion of Th2 cytokines and mediates <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> allergic inflammation

Kim, Youngmi,Eom, Sangkyung,Kim, Kyungjong,Lee, Yun-Sil,Choe, Jongseon,Hahn, Jang Hee,Lee, Hansoo,Kim, Young-Myeong,Ha, Kwon Soo,Ro, Jai Youl,Jeoung, Dooil Elsevier 2010 Molecular immunology Vol.47 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Transglutaminase II (TGase II) is a protein cross-linking enzyme with diverse biological functions. Here we report the role of TGase II in allergic inflammation. Antigen stimulation induced expression and activity of TGase II by activation of NF-κB in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL2H3) cells. This induction of TGase II was dependent on FcϵRI and EGFR. Interaction between TGase II and rac1 was induced following antigen stimulation. TGase II was responsible for the increased production of reactive oxygen species, expression of prostaglandin E2 synthase (PGE2 synthase) and was responsible for increased secretion of prostaglandin E2. ChIP assay showed that TGase II, through interaction with NF-κB, was responsible for the induction of histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3) and snail by direct binding to promoter sequences. HDAC3 and snail induced by TGase II, exerted transcriptional repression on E-cadherin. Snail exerted negative effect on expression of MMP-2, and secretion of Th2 cytokines. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) inhibited secretion of Th2 cytokines. <I>In vivo</I> induction of TGase II was observed in Balb/c mouse model of IgE antibody-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Chemical inhibition of TGase II exerted negative effect on IgE-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Chemical inhibition of TGase II by cystamine exerted negative effect on Balb/c mouse model of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced atopic dermatitis. These results suggest novel role of TGase II in allergic inflammation and TGase II can be developed as target for the development of allergy therapeutics.</P>

Analysis of English Placement Test Scores and Student Opinions to Improve Differentiated Curriculum by Level and Major

Sangkyung Kim 한국외국어교육학회 2015 Foreign languages education Vol.22 No.4

This study investigated the test scores and student responses about placement in the General Education English Program by level and major. Using composite scores of College Scholastic Ability Test for English (CSAT) and the in-house speaking test (SEPT), the study placed students into four levels (2–5). It also categorized 1,847 students into three groups: Humanities and Social Science (HS), Business Administration and Law (BL), and Science and Engineering (SE). Higher levels showed significant differences in oral proficiency while having similar results on the CSAT. Lower levels attained similar scores on the SEPT but represented a vast range of CSAT scores. Participants across all levels understood the purpose of the placement test, perceived the content of the SEPT as appropriate, and positively responded toward the accuracy of placement. HS and BL scored higher on the test than SE, confirming the contrast between engineering and non-engineering majors. HS, however, showed more positive evaluation on the accuracy of placement than BL and SE. Across groups and levels, all participants opposed exclusively using CSAT in course placement. This study discusses utilizing data by various variables to enhance differentiated instruction and to meet unique needs of students at all levels with different majors; it also addresses using CSAT scores as the exclusive criterion.

교양영어 분반 평가에 관한 학생과 교수의 의견 분석:S대 사례연구

김상경(Kim, Sangkyung) 한국영어교과교육학회 2015 영어교과교육 Vol.14 No.3

This study investigates student and professor opinions about the university's English placement speaking test and the accuracy of the course placements resulting from the combination of that test and the College Scholastic Ability Test for English (CSAT). Utilizing a mix of quantitative and content analysis, the study analyzed the questionnaires of 2,098 freshmen and 20 professors at S University. First, both groups (83% and 95%) understood the purpose of the speaking test and agreed that its content was accurate. Nonetheless, 30% of both groups believed that CSAT can exclusively function for course placement: students deemed CSAT more objective and inclusive while professors preferred CSAT because of the burdensome logistics involved in conducting the speaking test. Other results include the following: 75% of students and 50% of professors thought course placement was accurate; 32% of students desired more objective content and grading methods on the speaking test; and 85% of professors wanted more efficient test administration and proper compensation. Additionally, the analysis of the open-ended questions on the survey revealed possible avenues of improvement of the placement and the exclusive use of CSAT. The study discusses the necessity of the speaking component in English placement tests. It also emphasizes the value of student and professor input towards improving both the tests and General English education at S University.

어유와 비타민 E 보강 수준이 쥐간의 전암성 병변에 미치는 영향

김숙희(Kim Sookhee),강상경(Kang Sangkyung),김유미(Kim Yoomie),최혜미(Choi Haymie) 韓國營養學會 1998 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.31 No.6

Typed Object Bus를 이용한 새로운 개념의 분산플랫폼

김상경(Sangkyung Kim),선경섭(Kyungsup Sun),안순신(Sunshin An) 한국정보과학회 2000 정보과학회논문지 : 정보통신 Vol.27 No.4

본 논문에서는 Typed Object Bus (TOB) 플랫폼이라는 새로운 개념의 분산플랫폼을 제안한다. 기존의 분산플랫폼들은 분산 객체간 인터페이스 관계에 초점을 맞추어 단일의 통신 메커니즘을 이용하여 비제한적인 통신을 제공하였으나 TOB 플랫폼은 상호작용 관계에 중점을 두고 응용의 특성에 따라 다양한 통신 메커니즘을 사용하여 플랫폼 제어 통신을 제공한다. TOB는 연산동작특성과 TOB를 통해 전달 가능한 데이타 타입, 그리고 객체통신에 제약을 가하는 다수의 속성들에 의해 표현된다. 응용객체는 TOB 플랫폼이 제어하는 Typed Object Bus들을 통해서만 다른 객체와 통신이 가능하다. TOB 플랫폼은 TOB Type Definition Language (TDL) 을 이용하여 여러 가지 형태의 상호작용을 규정함으로써 유연하고 다양하게 연산 및 스트림 특성을 갖는 통신을 제공할 수 있다. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm for distributed platform design, the Typed Object Bus (TOB) platform. While traditional distributed platforms have focused on interface relationships between distributed objects and provided unrestricted communication using a uniform communication mechanism, the TOB platform is centered on the interaction relationship and provides platform-controlled communications using diverse communication mechanisms that conform to application characteristics. Typed object buses represent the communication behaviors they support, the data types to be delivered through them and various properties that constrain the communications. Application objects can communicate with other objects only via typed object buses the TOB platform controls. The TOB platform provides various and flexible communications by specifying a variety of styles of interactions with the TOB Type Definition Language (TDL) that we have developed. TOB TDL has been designed to accommodate both operation and stream characteristics of an application.

대학 교양영어교육 선진화를 위한 “S” 대학사례연구

김상경(Kim, Sangkyung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2014 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.14 No.6

대학 교양영어 관계자들은 글로벌 역량을 지도할 수 있는 영어수업을 운영하기 위해 커리큘럼 개선, 학생 만족도 향상, 교수학습 역량 강화, 영어분반시험 등을 개발하는 데 최선을 다해왔다. 하지만 많은 학생이 대학 교양영어수업을 통해 본인의 학습요구도를 충족하지 못하고 사교육에 의존하고 있다. 본 연구는 이런 교육적 갈등을 해소하고 차별화된 교양영어 프로그램을 개발하기 위해 “S” 대학이 진행한 영어 교양교육 선진화 TF의 운영과정과 그 결과를 분석하여 교양영어 프로그램이 나아갈 방향을 모색하였다. 8개월 이상 내·외국인 교원이 “교양영어과목 개선 위원회”, “영어회화능력 진단평가 위원회”, “영어회화 고급반 교육과정 개발 위원회”를 운영하면서 심화된 영어교과목, 분반수업운영안, 영어구술평가시험, 영어회화 고급 반 커리큘럼을 개발․완성하였다. 본 TF는 교양영어 이수학점을 2학점 축소한 학교의 방침을 융통성있게 수용하여 대화소통능력중심으로 네 가지 언어지식을 습득할수 있는 영어교과목을 개발하고, 그 커리큘럼을 실행할 수 있는 분반시험실시, 외국 인 교원역량강화를 이뤄냈다. 이런 성공적인 결과는 내·외국인 교원간의 대화소통, 교원과 행정부서의 공조체제, 학교의 비전과 교양교육의 선진화를 이루려는 의지를 공유한 것이 원동력이 되었다. General Education English Programs (GEEPs) in Korean universities have faced ever-lasting challenges to improve their curriculum. Korean college students are reported to perceive English skills as a principal key to their future career development or success in life. They do not, however, believe the GEEPs fully support their needs in learning English. Therefore, they look for help to improve English skills outside their universities. GEEPs have endeavored to improve student satisfaction levels on courses, pedagogically and administratively, but the results are still not agreeable. “S” University launched the GEEP Improvement Task Force team with three sub-committees: The General English Curriculum Development; The English Placement Test Development, and The Curriculum Development for Advanced English courses. For eight months, these committees developed new curricula by combing the courses in freshmen and sophomore English programs, the in-house English placement test, and new advanced-level courses. All outputs enabled “S” university to run the GEEP based on student proficiency level; to create a developmental freshman English program that provides students with a strong foundation before they take the regular English courses; and to fine tune the advanced level, which hones existing English proficiency of high level students. Faculty members also upgraded their expertise through developing the curriculum, collaborating with each other and outside experts, and constructing new scientific testing. This study discusses expected outcomes from running the GEEP Improvement Task Force project as well as the challenges overcome during the process in a college community.

수업언어 및 학업수준에 따른 중등 영어교사의 교수언어분석 사례연구

김상경(Kim, Sangkyung),임걸(Lim, Keol) 한국영어어문교육학회 2013 영어어문교육 Vol.19 No.2

This case study examined the classroom language pattern of one middle school English teacher by focusing on two variables: the instruction languages of Korean and English and the learners' levels of academic achievement and participation. Conducting unobtrusive observations in four classes using video recording and transcripts, 2,035 utterances were collected. Quantitatively the participant teacher adapted her classroom talk to the variables: ‘clarifying activities’ was significantly used in English instruction versus ‘explaining’ in Korean instruction. ‘Repeating student answers' was frequently found only in English instruction. As for the combination of the two variables, ‘checking questions ' was sparingly used in Korean instruction for advanced students Qualitative analysis indicated ‘contextualizing’ and ‘ explaining’ needed to be used more often in English instruction, at least as much as in her Korean instruction to provide sufficient examples of language usage. Her questioning strategies were rather limited to closed-questions and her responses to student answers required improvement to effectively engage students in expanding their thinking process. The study concluded developing English teachers' abilities to teach English in English is indispensable Providing teachers with professional training to utilize their classroom talk more efficiently is crucial.

다양한 트랜스포트 네트워크에 적용 가능한 멀티캐스트 서비스 구조

김상경(Sangkyung Kim),안순신(Sunshin An) 한국정보과학회 2001 정보과학회논문지 : 정보통신 Vol.28 No.1

멀티캐스트 응용을 다루는 기존의 많은 네트워킹 솔루션들은 특정한 트랜스포트 기술에 기반을 두고 있기 때문에 인터넷, ATM과 같은 하부 트랜스포트 네트워크에 따라 서로 다른 접근 방법을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 여러 트랜스포트 네트워크에 적용 가능한 새로운 멀티캐스트 서비스 구조 (MSA: Multicast Service Architecture)를 제안한다. MSA는 기존의 트랜스포트 네트워크 프로토콜들이 연결제어를 위하여 그대로 사용될 수 있도록 설계되어 최소한의 변경으로 기존 트랜스포트 네트워크 상에서 운용될 수 있다. MSA는 트랜스포트 네트워크에 독립적으로 다양한 멀티미디어 멀티캐스트 응용들을 수용할 수 있으며, 망 중심의 통신관리체계를 규정한다. MSA는 여러 가지 개념들을 도입하여 유연하고 확장성 있는 통신관리를 지원하는데 특히 호 / 연결제어 기능을 단말로부터 분리하여 정의함으로써 원격 제어와 제어의 이동성을 지원할 수 있다. 따라서 사용자는 보다 다양한 방법으로 멀티미디어 멀티캐스트 서비스를 이용할 수 있게 된다. 또한 단말관리자와 가상 디바이스 개념을 도입하여 응용 개발자가 트랜스 포트 네트워크나 물리적 디바이스의 상세한 특성을 모르더라도 응용을 설계할 수 있도록 하였다. MSA를 구성하는 여러 개의 서비스 컴포넌트들은 미들웨어 상에서 동작한다. 우리는 시뮬레이션을 통하여 MSA를 분석하였다. Many of the existing networking solutions handling multicast applications are dependent on specific transport technologies, and therefore require different approaches according to underlying transport networks, such as the Internet and ATM. In this paper, we propose the multicast service architecture (MSA) that can be overlaid above different legacy transport networks. This enables the existing network protocols to be used for connection control, minimizes the modification to a legacy transport network and enhances the practicality of MSA. MSA accommodates a variety of multimedia multicast applications, independently of transport networks and specifies network-centered communication management. Our architecture supports flexible and extensible communication management using several concepts. One novel concept is the separation of call/connection control from a terminal, which allows remote control and control mobility, so that a user can use a multimedia multicast service in a more various way. In addition, terminal manager and virtual device concepts are introduced that hide the details of multimedia devices or transport networks from an application designer. MSA consists of several service components that effectively interact with one another on a middleware platform. To evaluate our architecture, we analyzed the architecture using a simulation.

Histone Deacetylase-3 Mediates Positive Feedback Relationship between Anaphylaxis and Tumor Metastasis

Eom, Sangkyung,Kim, Youngmi,Park, Deokbum,Lee, Hansoo,Lee, Yun Sil,Choe, Jongseon,Kim, Young Myeong,Jeoung, Dooil American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2014 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.289 No.17

<P>Allergic inflammation has been known to enhance the metastatic potential of tumor cells. The role of histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3) in allergic skin inflammation was reported. We investigated HDAC3 involvement in the allergic inflammation-promotion of metastatic potential of tumor cells. Passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) induced HDAC3 expression and FcϵRI signaling in BALB/c mice. PSA enhanced the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of mouse melanoma cells in HDAC3- and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1-(MCP1)-dependent manner. The PSA-mediated enhancement of metastatic potential involved the induction of HDAC3, MCP1, and CD11b (a macrophage marker) expression in the lung tumor tissues. We examined an interaction between anaphylaxis and tumor growth and metastasis at the molecular level. Conditioned medium from antigen-stimulated bone marrow-derived mouse mast cell cultures induced the expression of HDAC3, MCP1, and CCR2, a receptor for MCP1, in B16F1 mouse melanoma cells and enhanced migration and invasion potential of B16F1 cells. The conditioned medium from B16F10 cultures induced the activation of FcϵRI signaling in lung mast cells in an HDAC3-dependent manner. FcϵRI signaling was observed in lung tumors derived from B16F10 cells. Target scan analysis predicted HDAC3 to be as a target of miR-384, and miR-384 and HDAC3 were found to form a feedback regulatory loop. miR-384, which is decreased by PSA, negatively regulated HDAC3 expression, allergic inflammation, and the positive feedback regulatory loop between anaphylaxis and tumor metastasis. We show the miR-384/HDAC3 feedback loop to be a novel regulator of the positive feedback relationship between anaphylaxis and tumor metastasis.</P>

Effect of changes in the internal shape of the evaporator on the performance characteristics of the household refrigerator

Hyunseok Kim,Been Oh,Sangkyung Na,Sanghoon Song,Hyun Kim,박예슬,최경민 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.2

The performance of the refrigeration system is largely influenced by the heat exchanger, and there are various methods for increasing heat exchange efficiency. In this paper, the effect of changes in the internal shape of an evaporator with different heat transfer areas on the performance under actual refrigerator operating conditions was analyzed. The type of evaporator includes a grooved evaporator and a composite grooved evaporator with a relatively large heat transfer area. The performance evaluation was evaluated by refrigerant optimization, on-off operational test, and steady state energy test. The optimum refrigerant amount for both systems is 76 g. When a composite grooved evaporator was used, monthly energy consumption was relatively saved by 2.7 kWh/month. In addition, the composite grooved evaporator has consumption and 2.2 % higher cooling capacity than the grooved evaporator. In conclusion, COP improved by 1.33 %.