Daily Intake of Fluoride on Foods for Children in Daegu

SangSuk Lee,KyungHee Song,Yunhui Lee 대한예방치과학회 2015 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.11 No.1

Objective: The author has analyze the daily intake foods for preschool children and children, in order to measure the daily amounts of fluoride through food or toothbrushing. 90 young preschool and 90 school children were participated in this study by recording 5 days diet diary with the help of their parents. Methods: The average daily food intake was calculated and the fluoride amounts included in each food was examined through the past 5 reports. Fluoride amounts estimated by daily water intake and toothbrushing with dentifrice contaminated with 500 ppmF, were considered. Total amounts of daily fluoride by intake for young children and school children were estimated, in order to suggest to recommend the fluoride deficiency amount for prevention of dental caries as well as for helping growth and development. Results: Average 167.30±2.92 mgF (0.167 mgF) was estimated for preschool children and 314.27±13.10 mgF (0.314 mgF) for school children in non-water fluoridated area. There was a significant difference in average amount of fluoride intake, between in preschool children and school children (p<0.05). Condulusion: 1. It was estimated that the average 167.30±2.92 mgF (0.167±0.292 mgF) in young children and 314.27±13.10 mgF (0.314±0.131 mgF) were intake through the diet, water and tooth brushing, daily, and there was significantly different the amounts intake by young children and by school children, statistically (p<0.05). 2. It was estimated that the daily deficient amount of fluoride was 0.53 mg in young children and 1.18 mgF in school children. So, it needed some fluoride supplements for them, in order to contribute the caries prevention as well as for growth and development

Dewatering of activated sludge by forward osmosis (FO) with ultrasound for fouling control

Lee, Sangsuk,Shon, Ho Kyong,Hong, Seungkwan Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2017 Desalination Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ultrasound was used to improve a forward osmosis (FO) sludge dewatering process for the control of fouling by deposited sludge flocs. FO was able to concentrate activated sludge from a real-scale wastewater reclamation plant. However, the flux decline indicated a severe fouling phenomenon. To mitigate this FO fouling, ultrasound radiation using a novel cell configuration was applied. However, the application of continuous radiation unexpectedly resulted in more severe fouling. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) spectroscopy showed that longer ultrasound radiation applications caused high organic release from sludge flocs. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) clearly identified a thicker organic fouling layer on the FO membrane surface. Ultrasound cleaning was optimized for radiation length and improved by the integration of flushing. Specifically, the combination of ultrasound and flushing caused a flux loss recovery of 70% or more. This work demonstrated the possibility of ultrasound cleaning as a fouling control method for FO sludge dewatering applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> FO dewatering with ultrasound cleaning was investigated for fouling control. </LI> <LI> Excessive ultrasound resulted in sludge flocs disintegration, leading to severe fouling. </LI> <LI> Organic fouling mechanism by ultrasound was elucidated by FEEM and CLSM analysis. </LI> <LI> Optimized ultrasound radiation time with flushing achieved maximum cleaning efficiency. </LI> <LI> Ultrasound improved cleaning efficiency much more than flushing alone. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

NiO buffer 층을 갖는 spin - valve sandwiches의 자기저항 특성에서 Co층 효과

이상석(Sangsuk Lee),황도근(Doguwn Hwang) 한국자기학회 1995 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.5 No.2

활성슬러지 농축을 위한 정삼투 공정 중 막오염 제어: 초음파 세정

이상석 ( Sangsuk Lee ),홍승관 ( Seungkwan Hong ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2016 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.-

국공내전 시기 북한과 중국공산당의 경제사회적 관계에 대한 연구

이상숙 ( Sangsuk Lee ) 북한연구학회 2016 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.20 No.1

이 글은 북중관계의 기원인 국공내전 시기 중국 동북지역 조선인들의 공산당 지원과 중국공산당의 대북한 경제적 지원을 재검토하였다. 이를 통해 국공내전 시기 중국공산당의 대북한 정권에 대한 물질적 지원이 북한 정권 수립에 경제적 토대에 도움이 되였음을 확인하였다. 일반 동북지역의 조선인들이 중국공산당을 지원하게 된 것은 중국 국민당의 차별정책과 경제적 원인이 크게 작용하였다. 중국 공산당은 지역 조선인들의 협력이 절실하다고 판단하였고, 조선인들에게 중국인들과 동등하게 토지를 분배해주었고 이중국적으로 허용하여 적극적 지지를 얻을 수 있었다. 국공내전이 치열한 당시 중국공산당은 ``동북국판사처``라는 조직을 통해 현재 북한 지역을 후방기지로서 활용하였다. 중국공산당의 식량 지원을 비롯한 경제적 지원은 중국과 북한의 경제협력의 원형이 되었다. This study focused on the origin of the economic and social relations between China and North Korea during Chinese Civil War. The purpose of this study is to review Korean in cooperation with Chinese Communist Party(CCP). These North Korean citizens of the China`s Northeast received land or guaranteed economic rights from the Chinese Northeast Bureau (CNB) and were resettled in Manchuria. Also, the CCP compensated the North Korean government for its assistance, consisting of transport costs and tariffs on foods and goods. The CNB was not only a liaison office but also the CCP trade representative between the Korean Worker`s Party (KWP) and the CCP. The CCP economic supports made the KWP attract much support from North Korean citizens. Therefore, CCP helped North Korea using Korean Chinese in China`s Northeast.

한국어 학습자를 위한 관형사형 어미 교육 방안

이상숙(Lee Sangsuk) 한국언어문학회 2010 한국언어문학 Vol.72 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to direct the study method of Adnominal Ending Forms for Korean learners. This paper showed the Korean learner’s difficulty for Adnominal Ending Forms as caused by Korean textbooks and analyze these forms. Then this paper looked for the problems of study Adnominal Ending Forms through analysis of textbooks and learners’ errors. The analysis result showed three main problems : relative tense, indefinite tense and head noun . Among them, we point out the most important thing is the lack of relative tense study. Korean adnominal clause is interpreted as absolute tense and relative tense, due to lack of study for relative tense, Korean learner showed a tendency to agreed to tense of the matrix sentence by Adnominal Ending Forms is understood as absolute tense of past, present and future Therefore, this paper suggests the study direction of Adnominal Ending Forms about relative tense, indefinite tense and restriction of head noun.

유아의 연령별·성별 보조사 사용에 관한 연구

이필영(Lee Pilyeong),김정선(Kim Jungsun),이상숙(Lee Sangsuk) 한국언어문학회 2009 한국언어문학 Vol.71 No.-

In this study, the author identified the characteristics of delimiter use by children of four to six years old based on age and sex, according to appearance of forms and modes of use and appearance by distribution and modes of use. Frequency of appearance and number of speakers were investigated to be analyzed, and the results are as follows. First, children of four to six years old used more enhanced delimiters when their age was higher. As for the rate of frequency of delimiter appearance and the number of speakers by ages, '-en,' '-do,' '-man,' '-dula,' '-da(ga),' '-ggaji,' '-ba-ke,' '-buteo,' '-(ei)na,' '-daero,' '-ssik,' and '-mada' (in order) were seen in both cases, and use of delimiters was more frequent when their age was higher. Second, as for the frequency of appearance of delimiters and the number of speakers by sex, '-en,' '-do,' '-man,' '-dula,' '-da(ga),' '-ggaji,' '-ba-ke,' '-buteo,' '-(ei)na,' '-daero,' '-ssik,' and '-mada' (in order) were seen in both cases. Eight such as '-en,' '-do,' '-man,' '-dula,' '-da(ga),' '-daero,''-ssik,' and '-mada' out of the total twelve delimiters were frequent in females in the frequency of appearance, and '-en,' '-man,' '-dula,' '-da(ga),' '-buteo,' '-daero,' and '-mada' were frequent in females in the number of speakers, indicating that females generally used delimiters more frequently than males did. Third, as for modes of appearance based on distribution by sex, '-en' was highest in rate of frequency and number of speakers. When age was higher, combination with case particles, endings, and delimiters was gradually higher. Combination with adverbs was frequent in childhood of four and five years old and then declined upon reaching six years old. Four, as for distributed characteristics by age, combination with case particles, endings, and adverbs was more frequent in females than in males, while combination with noun phrases and delimiters was more frequent in males than in females.

YIG 필름을 이용한 정자 순체적파 전파특성

이창화(Lee Changhwa),김명수(Kim Meyngsoo),전동석(Dongsuk Jun),이상석(Lee Sangsuk) 한국통신학회 1999 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1999 No.11

터널장벽층 ZnO을 갖는 자기터널접합 제작과 특성연구

이진용(JinYong Lee),김미선(MiSun Kim),최종구(Jonggu Choi),이상석(SangSuk Lee),김선욱(SunWook Kim),황도근(DoGuwn Hwang),이장로(JangRoh Rhee) 한국자기학회 2005 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.15 No.1

Relationship between Initial Population Densities of Meloidogyne incognita and Yield of Hot pepper in a Greenhouse

Ryu Younghyun,Hyunro Park,Sangsuk Lee,Donggeun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

To evaluate the influence of Meloidogyne incognita on hot pepper, hot pepper seedlings (Capsicum annuum cv. Supertankang) were planted in wooden box microplot (30×40×15cm, L×W×H) and growth and fruit yield were measured in a greenhouse condition from June to Nov., 2010. The initial population densities(Pi) of root knot nematode in the microplots were adjusted to 0, 10, 30, 100 and 300 second-stage juveniles (J2) in 100cm3 of soils. The fruit yields were inversely correlated with Pi and the relationship of total fruit yield to Pi could be adequately described by a linear regression equation, Y=0.18-0.039×LOG10(Pi+1), R2=0.49**. The Pi of 30 J2/100cm3 root knot nematode before planting caused yield loss exceed the economic threshold of non-fumigant nematicide application compared. Non-fumigant nematicides for M. incognita should be applied level around 30 J2/100cm3 soil for proper cultivation.