공무집행 중 발생한 주한미군범죄와 「한・미 SOFA」에 따른 경합적 형사재판권에 관한 고찰

김성진(Kim, Sung-Jin),최우선(Choi, U-Son) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2021 法學論文集 Vol.45 No.1

미국은 해외 각국에 군대를 파견하면서 미군의 주둔을 접수하는 국가와 소위 주둔군지위협정(SOFA)을 체결한다. 이러한 주둔군지위협정에는 미군과 그 구성원들의 형사재판권에 관한 내용을 규정으로서 파견국과 접수국 간의 형사재판권에 대한 우선순위를 규정하고 있다. 예를 들어 주한미군지위협정(이하, 한·미 SOFA)에서는 미국 군대의 구성원이 공무집행 중 고의 또는 과실로 저지른 범죄에 대해서는 미군당국에게 1차적 현사재판권을 부여하고 있다. 이에 대한민국은 미군당국에게 공무 중 발생한 미군범죄에 대한 1차적 형사재판권을 양보할 것을 요구하고 있지만 이를 거부하고 있다. 그러나 한·미 SOFA는 대한민국의 사법권을 대체하는 협정이 아니라 대한민국의 사권법 내에 존재하는 것이다. 따라서 범죄혐의를 받고 있는 미군은 대한민국의 형사사법에 따라 수사와 재판을 받는 것이 타당하다. 다만 형사재판권이 경합하는 경우에는 해당 범죄가 공무 중 발생한 경우에 한하여 미군당국이 1차적 재판권을 행사할 수 있도록 하는 것이 바람직하다. 지금까지 미군당국은 대한민국과 형사재판권이 경합되는 미군범죄 사건에 대하여 대한민국 수사기관의 수사협조 요청에 매우 소극적인 태도를 보이고 있다. 하지만 미군당국은 한·미 SOFA 제22조 제6항에 명시되어 있는 대로 미군범죄에 대한 대한민국 수사기관의 수사에 보다 적극적으로 조력하여 할 것이다. 또한 한·미 SOFA에 따라 미군당국이 공무중 발생한 범죄에 대하여 1차적 형사재판권을 부여받고 있더라도, 대한민국 사법부가 해당 범죄를 중대한 범죄라고 판단하는 경우에는 대한민국은 미군당국의 ‘공무증명서’ 발급에 대하여 한·미 SOFA 제22조 제6항에 명시된 이의 제기권을 행사할 필요가 있다. One of the most controversial issues of SOFA that every countries concluded with the U.S. is the question of what constitutes an act or omission done in the performance of official duty. The ROK-U.S SOFA also includes the same provisions and hence, the same controversy: U.S military authorities have primary right to exercise jurisdiction over U.S armed forces members in relation to offenses arising out of any act or omission done in the performances of official duty. The ROK-U.S is based on two types of jurisdiction, exclusive and concurrent. An identical framework is found in the NATO SOFA. Article XXII of the Korea SOFA provides that the U.S. military authorities have the right to exercise exclusive jurisdiction over members of U.S. armed forces with respect of offenses, including offenses relating to its security, punishable by the law of the United States, but not by the law of the Republic of Korea. This exclusive jurisdiction applies to Korea authorities in the same way respect to offenses by the U.S service members that are punishable by Korean law but not by U.S. law. In cases where the right to exercise jurisdiction is concurrent, the authorities of Korea have primary jurisdiction, but an exception exists in relation to offenses committed solely against the property or security of the United States or solely against another U.S. armed forces member, and offenses arising out of any act or omission done in the performance of official duty. Generally, a country with is more interested in offenses committed than the other in an effort to have primary right to exercise. If the offenses committed solely against the property or security of the sending state, receiving state in fact wouldn t be interested in indicting those offenses. On the other hand in line with territorial principle, Korea will have the primary right to exercise the jurisdiction. This article will analyze the official duty that sending state always trying to have the primary right to exercise, causing inevitably friction with host nation in terms of the concurrent jurisdiction para 3, art 22 in ROK-U.S. SOFA rather than the inequality and fairness of SOFAs, which every host nations have concluded with the U.S. It will also recommend the resolution to minimize the friction between ROK and U.S. in satisfying both nations as they exercise the criminal jurisdiction in a way of clarifying the official duty certification and in standard, limit, analysis about an official duty.

Cl과 SO₂처리가 감귤의 無機物과 糖 및 有機物의 조성에 미치는 영향

柳長杰,宋成俊 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1986 연구보고 Vol.2 No.-

본 연구는 Cl과 SO₄처리가 감귤품질의 指標가 되는 糖과 有機酸함량에 미치는 영향을 알아 보기 위하여 與津早生을 시험재료로 하여 遂行된 것으로, 1984년도에는 砂耕재배와 葉面施肥를 통하여 Cl과 SO₄를 처리했을 때 감귤잎중의 無機物, 糖함량이 어떻게 변하는가를 조사하였고, 1985년도에는 Cl과 SO₄를 엽면시비 했을 경우 감귤果肉중의 당과 유기산함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Cl과 SO₄를 엽면시비했을 경우 감귤잎중의 Cl또는 SO₄함량이 증가되었다. SO₄처리에 의해서 P, Fe의 엽중함량이 증가되었고, Cl처리에 의해서 Ca, K, Zn, Cu등의 엽중함량이 높아짐을 볼 수 있었다. 2. 사경재배시에는 Cl과 SO₄처리에 의하여 Cl과 SO₄의 엽중함량이 증가되었으며, SO₄처리에 의해서 N, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu등의 엽중함량이 증가되었고 Cl처리에 의해서 신엽의 Fe함량이 감소되었다. 3. 사경재배시 Cl처리보다 SO₄처리를 했을 때, 신엽중의 환원당, 비환원당, 전당 함량이 증가되었다. 4. Cl과 SO₄를 엽면시비했을시, 당의 경우에는 Cl보다 SO₄처리를 했을 때 감귤과육중의 환원당, 비환원당이 증가되었는데, 당을 HPLC로 분획정량해 본 결과 fructose, glucose, sucrose 함량이 전반적으로 증가됨을 알 수 있었고, 이같은 결과가 당도증진에 기여할 것이라 생각된다. 5. 유기산의 경우를 보면, Cl과 SO₄를 엽면 시비했을 때 SO₄에 의해 과육중의 적정산, 전산함량이 감소되었고, 또한 HPLC분석에 의하면 citric acid, oxalic acid는 SO₄에 의해 감소되나 malic acid는 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 Cl보다 SO₄처리가 감미비증가라는 감귤 품질향상 측면에서 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다. The effect of Cl and SO₄treatment on the contents of sugars and organic acids in mandarin juice was investigated from 1984 to 1985. In 1984, Cl and SO₄were supplied by foliar spraying and the sand culture method to determine the change of inorganic elements and sugar contents in the leaves. In the second year, the contents of sugars and organic acids in the fruit juice were analyzed to determine the effect of the Cl and SO₄foliar application. 1. Separate foliar applications of Cl and SO₄increased the contents of Cl and SO₄in leaves, respectively. The P and Fe contents of leaves were higher in the SO₄treatment than in the Cl treatment but the contents of Ca, K, Zn and Cu were higher in the Cl treatment. 2. When Cl and SO₄were applied individually to the sand culture, the contents of N, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Cu as well as SO₄in leaves were higher in the SO₄treatment than in the Cl treatment. The reduction and non-reducing sugars in the leaves increased more with the SO₄treatment than with the Cl treatment. 3. The foliar application of SO₄increased the contents of reducing sugars and total sugars in the fruit juice. HPLC analysis showed that the concentrations of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in the fruit juice were higher in the SO₄ treatment than in the Cl treatment. 4. The concentrations of titratable acid and total acid in the fruit juice were lower in the foliar application of SO₄than Cl. According to HPLC anaysis, SO₄ treatment decreased the citric acid and oxalic acid contents of the fruit juice but increased the malic acid. Consequently it can be concluded that a foliar application of SO₄is preferable to Cl as it increases the ratio of sugar to organic acid in mandarin juice.

TLD 방사선 센서용 판독장치의 제작

우홍,강희동,최희동,이상윤,도시홍,김도성 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1992 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.3 No.1

고분자의 내부압에 관한 연구

성용길,백우현 동국대학교 자연과학연구소 1988 자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.8 No.-

유리전이온도 위와 아래에서 고분자의 내부압에 대한 식을 고분자의 상태 방정식에 기초하여 유도하였다. 폴리스타이렌과 폴리옥시메틸스타이렌 등과 같은 고분자의 내부압을 계산하고 실험치와 비교하였다. 그 계산된 결과는 실험 데이터와 잘 일치하였다. An equation for internal pressure (Pi) of polymers above and below glass transition temperature has been derived on the basis of the equation of state for polymers. The internal pressures for polymers such as polystyrene and polyoxymethylstyrene are calculated and compared with the experimental values of the polymers. The calculated results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.

同位元素 質量分析機에 의한 植物體中 ??N 測定法 確立 및 온주밀감의 尿素 葉面吸收量 測定에 관한 연구

유장걸,오상호 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1998 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.15 No.-

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to establish the analytical conditions for determining 15N abundance ratio in plant leaves by the isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Effect of some factors related to the equipment performance such as tin capsule cleaning, ion source tunning, sample size and K-factor for total N analysis by the elemental analyzer were investigated using the standard reagents (urea and acetanilide), and citrus leaves. In addition, urea uptake by citrus leaves was measured with 8 and 20-month old leaves were dipped in 15N labelled urea solution(1.776 atom excess %) mixed with 0.05% surfactant and harvested 1, 2, 3, 10 and 17 days after 15N labelled urea application. 1. The analytical conditions for determining 15N isotope ratio in plant leaves a. N-peak was observed from the blank sample of tin capsule which is not cleaned. However, N-peak disappeared after cleaning tin capsules with acetone. b. K-factor for total N determination by the elemental aniyzer was evaluated in terms of the instrument stability. The result showed that the coefficient of variation for K-factor was low enough to obtain a good reproducibility. c. The optimal amount of standard reagents, (urea and acetanilide) and leaf sample for N analysis was in the range of 1 to 3 mg. d. The optimal N amount for 15N isotope ratio analysis was in the range of 0.359 to 0.424 mg. 2. The urea uptake by citrus leaves a. The amount of N absorbed by citrus leaves was increased by elevating the applied urea concentrations and had a maximum at 0.8-1.2% of urea concentrations. b. N amount contained in the leaves increased until 2 days after foliar application but thereafter decreased because N-translocation to the shoot became much more than N-uptake from leaf surface. c. N absorption by 8-month-old leaves was higher than 20-month-old leaves.

물속에서 비전해질의 용해도에 관한 분자결합성 연구

成墉吉,白禹鉉 동국대학교 자연과학연구소 1984 자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

액체 또는 결정성 유기 비전해질의 물에 대한 용해도와 그 분자구조 사이의 정량적 관계식을 분자 결합성 연구법을 사용하여 유도하였다. 그 관계식은 녹은점 이외에 분자결합성의 항 χ에 의해서 얻어진 결과와 좋은 일치를 보였다. 또한 그 식은 물속에서 aromatic hydrocarbons, halobenzenes및 alkyl p-substituted benzoates등과 같은 비전해질에 �엿�용해도를 예측할 수 있었다. Quantitative relationships between the structure and the aqueous solubility of either liquid or crystalline organic nonelectrolytes have been derived by using the molecular connectivity approach. A good correlation wquation was obtained by the molecular connectivity term χin addition to the melting point. The equation is capable of predicting solubility for nonelectrolytes such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, halobenzenes and alkyl p-substituted benzoates in water.

방사능동위원소 P-32를 이용한 작물 인산 영양진단법

송성준,유장걸 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1988 연구보고 Vol.3 No.-

P-32 bioassay는 식물체의 인산영양상태와 뿌리에 의한 인산흡수속도가 지수적인 역상관을 갖는다는 원리를 이용한 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 P-32 bioassay법을 작물의 인산영양상태를 진단하는 방법으로 응용하기 위해 요구되는 여러가지 조건을 검토함과 동시에 필요한 기초 자료를 얻기 위해 수행되었다. 1. 인산수준을 달리하여 공급한 사경에서 6주 동안 재배한 맥주보리의 뿌리를 채취하여 P-32로 표지한 5×10?? M KH₂PO₄에서 15분 동안 반응시켰을 때 대사적으로 흡수된 양과 공급된 인산 수준과는 지수적인 역상관을 나타내었다. 2. 10?? M KCN을 처리했을 때 인산흡수량이 현저히 감소되는 것으로 보아 인산흡수가 능동적으로 이루어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 3. 인산수준을 달리 공급한 토경에서 재배된 맥주보리의 뿌리에서도 대사적으로 흡수된 양과 공급된 인산 수준간에 지수적인 역상관을 보였다. 4. 수준을 달리하여 공급한 인산 양은 P-32 bioassay와 엽분석 결과와 높은 상관을 나타냈으나 토양유효인산과는 비교적 낮은 상관을 보였다. 따라서 이상의 결과를 볼 때 P-32 bioassay는 현재까지 널리 이용되고 있는 엽 또는 토양분석에 비해 비교적 단시간내에 적은 노력을 가지고 작물의 생리적인 인산 요구도를 정확히 알 수 있는 방법이라 생각된다. P-32 bioassay for determining P-nutritional status of plant is based on the uptake rate of P-32 labelled phosphous by roots. This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of its applicability in diagnosing the phosphorus nutritional status of crop plants. The method was examined using barley grown in the sand culture and in the pot culture supplied with the different P levels. There was a negative exponential relationship between phosphorus uptake by barley root and the concentration of phosphorus supplied previously in the sand culture and in the pot culture. P-32 uptake by barley root was markedly inhibited by 5×10 M KCN in the bioassay solution, indicating that uptake was metabolically mediated. P-32 uptake by barley root showed a good correlation with dry matter, fresh weight, shoot length and P content of shot while soil available P did not. This fact suggested that the determination of soil available P was not suitable for the P-status diagnosis of plant. The results showed that the P-32 bioassay could be applied for the phosphorus nutrition diagnosis of the annual crop like barley and had some advantages;being more rapid and easier than the chemical analysis of leaves or soils.

Si-Schottky障壁型의 大陽電池 製作에 관한 硏究

李相潤,羅炳旭,朴德圭,李鍾德,金奎用,玄東杰,禹洪,盧景錫 慶北大學校 物理化學硏究所 1981 硏究論文集 Vol.1-2 No.-

The characteristics of these Si-schottky barrier type and Heterojunction type solar cells are as follows; 1. SnO_2/n-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells Fabricated by Spray Pyrolysis Method SnO_2 film were deposited on the (100) or (111) surface of Si single crystal by the spray pyrolysis method. The best SnO_2/n-Si solar cell has a good performance, with an open-circult voltage: Voc.=0.45V, short circuit current: Isc.=35.5㎃, fill factor: FF.=0.64, and conversion efficiency: η=10.2% under 98㎽/㎠ irradiation of AMl. The spray pyrolysis described in this paper is simple and suitable for mass production. One possibility for cost reduction lies in this method of junction fabrication, and the idea of simply deposited SnO_2/n-Si junction is, at first sight, very attractive. Hence the SnO_2/n-Si Solar Cell and the effectiveness of this method may be of great value in some future production of low-cost solar cells. 2. In_2O_3: Sn Heterojunction Solar Cells Fabricated by Spray Pyrolitic Method Highly conductive and transparent thin films of In_2O_3: Sn (ITO) are fabricated by spray pyrolytic method. The parameters of these thin films are as follows: resistivity ρ = 1.5×10 exp (-3) Ω·㎝, carrier concentration n = 7.5×10 exp (19) cm^-3, mobility μ = 55.5 ㎠/V·sec and transmission 85-90% over visible and long wave-length region. These thin films have simple cubic system with lattice constant 10.2Å. In_2O_3: Sn/n-Si heterojunction solar cells are fabricated, depositing In_2O_3: Sn (ITO) thin films on n-Si substrates with orientation(100) and resistively 2-3Ω, ㎝ by spray pyrolitic method. Under AMl sunlight simulator, the parameters of the excellent cell obtained has open-circuit voltage Voc=0.52V, short-circuit current I_sc=39.0㎃, fill factor: F.F=0.60 and conversion efficiencyη=12.1%. 3. Al/p-Si MOS Solar Cells Fabricated by Vacuum Evaporation Method Al/p-Si MOS solar cells, consisting of Al on P-tupe silicon with a thin interfacial layer of SiO_2 have been found to have good light conversion efficiency for solar radiation. The effects of the oxide layer thickness between metal and substrate were investigated. Under AMl simulated sunlight illumination the best cell has open circuit voltage Voc=0.50V, short-circuit current I_sc=26.3㎃/㎠, fill-factor FF=0.70 and conversion efficiency η=9.2%. 4. Cr-Cu/P-Si MOS Solar Cells Fabricated by Vacuum Evaporation Method Cr-Cu/p-Si MOS Solar cells, consisting of Cr-Cu on p-type silicon with a thin interfacial layer of SiO_2 have been found to have good light conversion efficiency for solar radiation. The effects of the oxide layer thickness between metal and substrate were investigated. Under AMl simulated sunlight illumination the best cell has open circuit voltage Voc=0.49V, short-circuit current I_sc=26.4㎃, fill-factor: FF=0.72 and conversion efficiency η=9.3%.

Three Poems by Yi Sang-ro

Yi Sang-ro,Kim U-Ch’ang(번역자) The Academy of Korean Studies 1968 Korea Journal Vol.8 No.2

전치부 반대교합을 동반한 환자에서의 수직고경 회복

계기성,최우식,이선아 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2002 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.26 No.2

In cases of anterior crossbite patients, there are many problems. They are dissatisfied with facial appearance and in difficulties for speaking, and sometimes are related to reduced vertical dimension. Vertical dimension is defined distances between two points which one is on maxilla and the other is on mandible. Loss of vertical dimension may causes temporomandibular disorder, loss of masticatory function, and collapse of occlusion. This is a clinical study of 50 years old male with reduced vertical dimension and anterior-crossbite. We treated patient with fixed bridge and conventional removable partial denture, and then the activity of masseter and temporalis muscle were recorded and analyzed by means of Biopak?? system(Bioresearch Inc., Millwakee Wisconsin). The result was satisfactory functionally and esthetically.