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Chung Tae-Wook,Lee Dong-Ick,Kim Dong-Soo,Jin Un-Ho,Park Chun,Kim Jong-Guk,Kim Min-Gon,Ha Sang-Do,Kim Keun-Sung,Lee Kyu-Ho,Kim Kwang-Yup,Chung Duck-Hwa,Kim Cheorl-Ho The Microbiological Society of Korea 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.3
Two pathways of ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis have been identified in microorganisms. One pathway involves the NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the amination of 2-oxoglutarate to form glutamate. An alternative pathway involves the combined activities of glutamine synthetase, which aminates glutamate to form glutamine, and glutamate synthase, which transfers the amide group of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to yield two molecules of glutamate. We have cloned the large subunit of the glutamate synthase (GOGAT) from Salmonella typhimurium by screening the expression of GOGAT and complementing the gene in E. coli GOGAT large subunit-deficient mutants. Three positive clones (named pUC19C12, pUC19C13 and pUC19C15) contained identical Sau3AI fragments, as determined by restriction mapping and Southern hybridization, and expressed GOGAT efficiently and constitutively using its own promoter in the heterologous host. The coding region expressed in Escherichia coli was about 170 kDa on SDS-PAGE. This gene spans 4,732 bases, contains an open reading frame of 4,458 nucleotides, and encodes a mature protein of 1,486 amino acid residues (Mr =166,208). The EMN-binding domain of GOGAT contains 12 glycine residues, and the 3Fe-4S cluster has 3 cysteine residues. The comparison of the translated amino acid sequence of the Salmonella GOGAT with sequences from other bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia pestis, Vibrio vulnificus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows sequence identity between 87 and 95%.
Chung, Eunsook,Ryu, Choong-Min,Oh, Sang-Keun,Kim, Ryong Nam,Park, Jeong Mee,Cho, Hye Sun,Lee, Sanghyeob,Moon, Jae Sun,Park, Seung-Hwan,Choi, Doil Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006 Physiologia Plantarum Vol.126 No.4
<P>SGT1 associates with suppressor of kinetochore protein (Skp1)-Cullin-F-box (SCF)–ubiquitin-ligase complexes playing important roles in controlling developmental processes and defense responses in plants, yeast, and human. In this study, full-length cDNAs of <I>Sgt1</I> and <I>Skp1</I> orthologues were isolated from pepper (<I>Capsicum annuum</I> L.) to characterize their functions. Protein sequences of CaSgt1 and CaSkp1 showed high degrees of similarities with their homologues in other plant species. Southern blot analyses revealed that <I>CaSgt1</I> was a single copy gene in the pepper genome, whereas <I>CaSkp1</I> corresponded to multi copy genes. Levels of <I>CaSgt1</I> and <I>CaSkp1</I> mRNAs increased in pepper leaves in response to incompatible pathogen challenge or salicylic acid treatment. Silencing of <I>CaSgt1</I> or <I>CaSkp1</I> using Tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) system resulted in severe dwarfism and final damping-off symptom in the greenhouse. To identify factors determining damping-off symptom in <I>CaSgt1</I>- or <I>CaSkp1</I>-silenced plants, we employed VIGS under sterile conditions. Under such conditions, damping-off symptom was not observed suggesting that <I>CaSgt1</I> and <I>CaSkp1</I> play an essential role in plant growth and development as well as basal disease resistance in pepper plant.</P>
Sung, Hui-Jin,Choi, Mun-Jeoung,Ok, Seong-Ho,Lee, Soo Hee,Hwang, Il Jeong,Kim, Hee Sook,Chang, Ki Churl,Shin, Il-Woo,Lee, Heon-Keun,Park, Kyeong-Eon,Chung, Young-Kyun,Sohn, Ju-Tae Canadian Science Publishing 2012 Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology Vol.90 No.7
<P> Mepivacaine is an aminoamide-linked local anesthetic with an intermediate duration that intrinsically produces vasoconstriction both in vivo and in vitro. The aims of this in-vitro study were to examine the direct effect of mepivacaine in isolated rat aortic rings and to determine the associated cellular mechanism with a particular focus on endothelium-derived vasodilators, which modulate vascular tone. In the aortic rings with or without endothelium, cumulative mepivacaine concentration-response curves were generated in the presence or absence of the following antagonists: N<SUP>ω</SUP>-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester [l-NAME], indomethacin, fluconazole, methylene blue, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one [ODQ], verapamil, and calcium-free Krebs solution. Mepivacaine produced vasoconstriction at low concentrations (1 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP> and 3 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP> mol/L) followed by vasodilation at a high concentration (1 × 10<SUP>−2</SUP> mol/L). The mepivacaine-induced contraction was higher in endothelium-denuded aortae than in endothelium-intact aortae. Pretreatment with l-NAME, ODQ, and methylene blue enhanced mepivacaine-induced contraction in the endothelium-intact rings, whereas fluconazole had no effect. Indomethacin slightly attenuated mepivacaine-induced contraction, whereas verapamil and calcium-free Krebs solution more strongly attenuated this contraction. The vasoconstriction induced by mepivacaine is attenuated mainly by the endothelial nitric oxide - cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. In addition, mepivacaine-induced contraction involves cyclooxygenase pathway activation and extracellular calcium influx via voltage-operated calcium channels. </P>
Prevalence of Reflux Esophagitis During 12 Years in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Provinces
( Sung Jae Kim ),( Seok Keun Lee ),( Kang Wook Chung ),( Eun Soo Kim ),( Byoung Kuk Jang ),( Woo Jin Chung ),( Kwang Bum Cho ),( Jae Seok Hwang ),( Kyung Sik Park ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2009 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.15 No.2
Background/Aims: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis (RE) has been reported up to 12% in Korea, and seems being increased. However, epidemiological data for long-term trend are scarce. Moreover, there is no published report about the prevalence of RE in Daegu and Gyeongbuk provinces. Therefore, we analyzed the prevalence of RE during the recent 12 years in Daegu and Gyeongbuk provinces and also analyzed associated risk factors. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 8,446 age and gender adjusted subjects who had visited a health promotion center for health check-up including esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Results: The mean age was 43.3±13.4 years. The overall prevalence of RE was 2.8%. The prevalences of RE in health check up subject from 1997 to 1999, from 2000 to 2002, from 2003 to 2005, and from 2006 to 2008 were 0.3%, 1.2%, 2.8%, and 6.8%, respectively. On the univariate analysis, male gender, high body mass index (BMI), obesity (BMI≥25 kg/m2), and hypertriglyceridemia were significantly related with presence of RE. On the multivariate analysis, male gender and obesity were independent risk factors of RE. Conclusion: The prevalence of RE is increasing recently in Daegu and Gyeongbuk provinces and male gender and obesity are independent risk factors of this disease.(Korean J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009;15:124-129)
Single-Electron-Based Flexible Multivalued Exclusive-<small>or</small> Logic Gate
Sang-Jin Kim,Chang-Keun Lee,Rae-Sik Chung,Eun-Sil Park,Seung-Jun Shin,Jung-Bum Choi,Yun-Seop Yu,Nam-Soo Kim,Hyung Gyoo Lee,Keun-Hyung Park IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.56 No.5
<P>By using two symmetrical sidewall gates, we implemented a Si-based single-electron exclusive- OR (XOR) gate and reported on the first flexible multivalued (MV) functionality. A grayscale contour plot of the output voltages displays alternating high/low values as a function of two single-electron transistor (SET) input voltages. Their voltage transfer characteristics display typical XOR or XNOR gate function depending on input voltages for binary, MV, and binary-MV mixed-modes. This flexible two-input XOR gate, combined with the previously reported NAND/NOR gates, provide three basic arithmetic blocks for the SET-based MV logic gate family.</P>
( Chung Keun Jin ),( Sung Hyung Lim ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2015 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.14 No.5
The purpose of this research was to synthesize fluorine modified waterborne polyurethane dispersion (F-WPU) by soap-free (internal emulsifier) emulsion polymerization techniques, to prepare coating solution based on fluorine modified waterborne polyurethane dispersion (F-WPU) and to compare the chemical and thermo-mechanical properties on the electrogalvanized steel sheet. Environmentally friendly F-WPU was prepared with a fluorinated polyol containing 60 wt% of fluorine. There are various ways of combining a wide variety of fluorinated polyols and diisocyanate to exhibit novel properties of waterborne polyurethane dispersion. Components of coating solution were largely divided into 4 kinds i.e., F-WPU, acrylic emulsion,silane coupling agent, and colloidal silicate. F-WPU coating solution on the electro-galvanized steel sheet showed excellent properties of corrosion resistance, alkali resistance and heat resistance, as compared to other coating solutions using a general waterborne resin. The F-WPU coating solution’s reliable effects are possibly due to the fluorine atoms incorporated even in a small amount of F-WPU.
Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography of Genetically Engineered Hirudin Variants
Chung, Bong Hyun,Chu, Chang Woong,Chang, Yong Keun,Sohn, Hoon Jung,Rhee, Sang Ki,Park, Young Hoon 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1993 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.3 No.3
Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) was used to separate various types of recombinant hirudins from the culture broth. The wild type hirudin exhibited a retention in Cu(Ⅱ)-chelated affinity chromatgoraphy since it contained a single exposed histidine at position 51. To obtain a stronger retention on an IDA-Cu(Ⅱ) column, the hirudin variants were genetically engineered to contain one or two histidine(s) more than the wild type. While the affinity of the variants for IDA-Cu(Ⅱ) ligand increased in comparison to that of the wild type, the antithrombin activities reduced to a certain degree. Cu(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) ions were applied separately to the metal chelate column to investigate ligand specificity with respect to protein retention. As a result, the Cu(Ⅱ) chelated chromatography gave the best resolution for all the hirudins tested and appeared to be the only IMAC that could be used generally for the purification of hirudins with a decreasing pH gradient.
Expression of Neurotrophic Factors and their Receptors in Keratoconic Cornea
Chung, Eui Sang,Lee, Kwang Hyun,Kim, Min,Chang, Eun Ju,Chung, Tae Young,Kim, Eung Kweon,Lee, Hyung Keun Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 2013 Current eye research Vol.38 No.7
<P><I>Purpose</I>: To measure the expression level and pattern of neurotrophic factors and their receptors in keratoconus (KC) cornea using quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and immunostaining.</P><P><I>Materials and Methods</I>: Twenty-one recipient corneal buttons after keratoplasty from KC cornea and four age-matched normal corneas were obtained. The 25 corneal tissues were divided into two pieces; one fragment of each sample was used for immunostaining whereas the other fragment was used for qPCR. Using primary antibodies and specific qPCR primer, immunostaining and qPCR were performed to analyze the expression level of the neurotrophic factors and receptors.</P><P><I>Results</I>: Nerve growth factor and its receptors (TrkA and p75NTR) were not expressed in the center of normal cornea. However, TrkA and the p75NTR were clearly expressed in a membrane bound staining pattern and the mRNA levels were significantly higher in KC (<I>p</I> < 0.001). The mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and neurotrophin (NT)-4 mRNA was also elevated in KC (<I>p</I> < 0.001). BDNF was expressed in epithelium of normal cornea. However, in KC, its expression was found to be extending into the anterior stromal layer. CNTF was hardly expressed in normal cornea. In KC, the entire epithelium expressed CNTF, especially in perinuclear area. NT-4 was expressed throughout the epithelium and stroma in KC.</P><P><I>Conclusion</I>: The change in expression of neurotrophic factors in KC may suggest that these factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of KC and serve as new markers for the progression of KC.</P>