A novel combination treatment to stimulate bone healing and regeneration under hypoxic conditions: photobiomodulation and melatonin

Son, J. H.,Park, B. S.,Kim, I. R.,Sung, I. Y.,Cho, Y. C.,Kim, J. S.,Kim, Y. D. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Lasers in medical science Vol.32 No.3

<P>Melatonin has anabolic effects on the bone, even under hypoxia, and laser irradiation has been shown to improve osteoblastic differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether laser irradiation and melatonin would have synergistic effects on osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization under hypoxic conditions. MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to 1% oxygen tension for the hypoxia condition. The cells were divided into four groups: G1-osteoblast differentiation medium only (as the hypoxic condition), G2-treatment with 50 mu M melatonin only, G3-laser irradiation (808 nm, 80 mW, GaAlAs diode) only, and G4-treatment with 50 mu M melatonin and laser irradiation (808 nm, 80 mW, GaAlAs diode). Immunoblotting showed that osterix expression was markedly increased in the melatonin-treated and laser-irradiated cells at 48 and 72 h. In addition, alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased and continued to rise throughout the experiment. Alizarin Red staining showed markedly increased mineralized nodules as compared with only melatonin-treated or laser-irradiated cells at day 7, which significantly increased by day 14. Moreover, when melatonin-treated cells were laser-irradiated, the differentiation and mineralization of cells were found to involve p38 MAPK and PRKD1 signaling mechanisms. However, the enhanced effects of laser irradiation with melatonin were markedly inhibited when the cells were treated with luzindole, a selective melatonin receptor antagonist. Therefore, we concluded that laser irradiation could promote the effect of melatonin on the differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells under hypoxic conditions, and that this process is mediated through melatonin 1/2 receptors and PKRD/p38 signaling pathways.</P>

소규모 베이커리에서의 HACCP적용을 위한 미생물학적 위해도 평가

엄애선,권성희,정덕화,오상석,이헌옥 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Recently, the HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system has been emphasized in food processing industries throughout the world. However, the system has, as yet, not been applied very well to domestic food industries. Due to the increase in the consumption of bakery products, more studies are required on the application of HACCP to establish the system in small-scale bakeries. This study was designed to provide basic data for setting management standards for HACCP, based on microbiological hazard evaluations of bakery products. Red bean paste filled breads, custard cream filled breads and cakes covered with fresh whipping cream were collected, and microbiological evaluations conducted on the raw materials, the manufacturing processes and potential hazards. The result showed the presence of coliforms in fresh cream of cakes and the soybean paste of soybean paste breads at levels as high as 105 CFU/g on the hazard analysis of the raw materials. Moreover, the general levels of bacteria and coliforms were over those of the standards during the intermediate fermentation and molding processes. Furthermore, high levels of coliforms were detected on the hands of the salesmen and bakers themselves. This suggests that the CCPs (Critical Control Points), such as fresh cream and red bean paste manufacturing process desperately require better management. There is also a requirement for education relating to personal hygiene for the production of hygienic bakery products and for the publics health.

자동차 주유시 증발 가스 방출량 예측 연구

박재성,유홍선,손동연,김충익 중앙대학교 생산공학연구소 1998 생산공학연구소 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

자동차 주유시 대기중으로 빠져 나온 연료 증기는 환경을 오염시킨다. 주유시 연료증기 방출량을 최소화하기 위해서 ORVR 시스템이 적용된다. 그러나 이 시스템은 몇가지 어려운 기술적인 문제들이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 주유 유량에 따른 연료 증기 방출량을 예측하였다. 이를 위하여 연료 탱크의 압력 변화, 연료 증기가 흡착되는 캐니스터로의 방출량을 시뮬레이션하였다. 연료 증기와 공기의 혼합 기체는 이상기체로 가정될 수 있다. 주유관을 흐르면서 액체 연료의 압력 강하는 유량과 주유관의 형상에 따라 각각 계산하였다. 압력 강하 검증을 위해서 직선관과 90도 곡관에 대해서 수행하였다. 또한 shut-off time을 예측하여 실험치와 비교를 하였다. 계산 결과 40 LPM 이하에서는 연료탱크가 가득 찰 때까지 주유가 되고, 이상에서는 매우 빠른 시간에 shut-off가 됨을 알 수 있었다. 더 나은 모델을 개발하기 위해서는 연료의 증발, 응축 그리고 연료 탱크내의 기체의 유동까지도 고려되어야 할 것이다. During the refueling process of automobiles, the fuel vapor escapes into the atmosphere and pollutes the environment. To reduce the fuel vapor emission during refueling, ORVR(Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery) system is implemented. This system, however, needs to overcome several technical difficulties. This research studies the problem of the fuel vapor emission and the refueling flow rate in ORVR system. The pressure variation of the fuel tank during the refueling and the emission to the canister that absorbs the escaping fuel vapor are numerically simulated. The fuel-vapor and air mixture in gas phase is assumed to be ideal gas mixture. The pressure drop of liquid fuel through the refueling line is numerically calculated for various flow rates and shapes of the pipes. The results are verified for straight and 90 degree bend. The shut-off time is calculated and compared with experimental results. The flow rate of forty liter per minute is determined to be the critical refueling rate. Below 40 LPM the refueling process continues until the tank is filled, but above it the shut-off occurs at the early stages of refueling process. Experimental results and simulation results show good agreement. To improve the model, the transient evaporation and condensation are to be considered as well as the gaseous flow inside the tank.

초등학교 급식소에서의 HACCP 적용을 위한 계절별 환경미생물학적 위해분석

권성희,이헌옥,정덕화,신원선,엄애선 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.5

Foodservice at elementary schools has been povided nation-wide. It is predictable that foodborne diseases would increase continuously. Formation of a counterplan is urgently needed. This study was designed to identify the stage which contains the critical control points (CCPs) for the microbiological management of HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) at the foodservice provided at elementary schools. Foodservice places at four elementary schools in Seoul were sampled and the overall hygiene of cooking, utensils and equipment, employees, and environment by season were examined. The results showed that the number of bacteria in overall samples was increased and that E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus by biochemical test emerged in more diverse samples in summer than in spring. Particularly, the number of aerial bacteria in summer was three-fold greater than that in either spring or winter. E. coli 0157 was not detected, although Salmonella was identified by PCR analysis in the meat Knives, chopping boards, waste bins and meat dish at elementary school foodservice. According to this data, cross-contamination should be managed in the stage of mixing up the ingredients with improper equipments and insanitary treatments. Thus, the establishment of SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures) and GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) at elementary school foodservice is stringently required, along with sanitation education for workers and employees as CCPs.

Objective evaluation for severity of atopic dermatitis by morphologic study of skin surface contours

Son, Sang W.,Park, Sang Y.,Ha, Seung H.,Park, Gyu M.,Kim, Min G.,Moon, Jong S.,Yoo, Dong S.,Oh, Chil H. Munksgaard International Publishers 2005 Skin research and technology Vol.11 No.4

<P>Background/aims</P><P>Wide variation in outcome methodology can make the interpretation of patient outcomes confusing and the comparison of the results of different studies almost impossible. It is important to objectively measure and record the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) for routine clinical practice and research. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether morphologic study of skin surface contours might be helpful to objectively quantify the severity of AD.</P><P>Methods</P><P>Thirty atopic patients (12 females, 18 males) participated in this study. Moisturizer was applied twice daily for 2 weeks. Bioengineering methods such as D-Squame®, corneometer, evaporimeter, and spectrophotometer were measured at the start of the study and after 1 week and 2 weeks. In addition, we assessed moisturizer effects after 3 h of moisturizer application.The stereoimage optical topometer (SOT) based on a new concept of stereoimage was applied for this study. We compared SOT, other bioengineering methods, and the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index.</P><P>Results</P><P>After 3 h of application with moisturizer, the results measured by SOT, conventional optical profilometer (COP), D-Squame®, and corneometer showed significant differences (<I>P</I><0.05). After 1 and 2 weeks, there were significant changes in the results measured by SOT, COP, D-Squame®, corneometer, spectrophotometer, and SCORAD index. We observed a significant correlation between bioengineering methods and the SCORAD index (<I>P</I><0.05).</P><P>Conclusion</P><P>These data indicate that morphologic study of skin surface contours are useful in evaluating of AD severity. If we would combine methods to evaluate the physiologic changes and those such as SOT to measure the morphological changes of skin surface, we could evaluate more objectively and quantitatively the severity of AD.</P>

Freestanding graphene writing on a silicon carbide wafer

Kim E.H.,Park J.H.,I.B. Khadk,Son J.,Kim H.W.,Lee D.H.,Kim B.J.,Sung D.I.,Woo S.H.,Yeom G.Y.,Park S.H.,Ahn J.R. 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.12

Freestanding graphene on a trench has been fabricated extensively using a transfer process of chemical vapor deposition grown graphene. Here, we demonstrate that freestanding graphene can be grown directly on a trench without a transfer process. A shallow trench was made on a 6H–SiC(0001) wafer using a focused ion beam lithography. The shallow trench was heated to a high temperature under Ar atmosphere. The heat treatment made the shallow trench become deeper and wider. Subsequently, epitaxial graphene was floating on the trench, resulting in freestanding graphene, where underlying bulk SiC was self-etched after the growth of epitaxial graphene. The freestanding graphene on a trench was characterized using Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Such freestanding graphene writing can be applied to semiconductor fabrication process of freestanding graphene devices without a transfer process.

An orally active cathepsin K inhibitor, furan-2-carboxylic acid, 1-{1-[4-fluoro-2-(2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl]-3-oxo-piperidin-4-ylcarbamoyl}-cyclohexyl)-amide (OST-4077), inhibits osteoclast activity in vitro and bone loss in ovariectomized rats.

Kim, M K,Kim, H D,Park, J H,Lim, J I,Yang, J S,Kwak, W Y,Sung, S Y,Kim, H J,Kim, S H,Lee, C H,Shim, J Y,Bae, M H,Shin, Y A,Huh, Y,Han, T D,Chong, W,Choi, H,Ahn, B N,Yang, S O,Son, M H Williams Wilkins 2006 The Journal of pharmacology and experimental thera Vol.318 No.2

<P>Human cathepsin K, a cysteine proteinase of the papain family, has been recognized as a potential drug target for the treatment of osteoporosis. The predominant expression of cathepsin K in osteoclasts has rendered the enzyme into a major target for the development of novel antiresorptive drugs. Now, we report the pharmacological properties of OST-4077 [furan-2-carboxylic acid (1-{1-[4-fluoro-2-(2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-phenyl]-3-oxo-piperidin-4-ylcarbamoyl}-cyclohexyl)-amide] as a novel selective cathepsin K inhibitor. Human and rat cathepsin K were inhibited in vitro by OST-4077 with the IC50 values of 11 and 427 nM, respectively. OST-4077 suppressed bone resorption induced by rabbit osteoclasts (IC50, 37 nM) but did not affect bone mineralization or cellular alkaline phosphatase activity in MC3T3-E1 cells. Parathyroid hormone-induced bone resorption was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner in thyroparathyroidectomized rats gavaged with a single dose of OST-4077 (ED50, 69 mg/kg). When given orally twice daily for 4 weeks to 3-month-old ovariectomized (OVX) rats, OST-4077 dose-dependently prevented bone loss, as monitored by bone densitometry, ash content, and urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline. No change in serum osteocalcin in the OVX rats by OST-4077 suggested that bone formation might not be affected by the agent. In summary, OST-4077 selectively inhibited bone resorbing activities of osteoclasts and prevented bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency but did not affect bone formation. OST-4077, an orally active selective human cathepsin K inhibitor, may have the therapeutic potential for the treatment of diseases characterized by excessive bone loss including osteoporosis.</P>

High performance and the low voltage operating InGaZnO thin film transistor

Son, D.h.,Kim, D.H.,Sung, S.J.,Jung, E.A.,Kang, J.K. Elsevier 2010 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.10 No.4

In this study, we compare the electrical properties of inverted-coplanar-type InGaZnO thin-film transistors (IGZO TFTs) deposited by RF sputtering at room temperature on a thermally grown SiO<SUB>2</SUB> gate dielectric or a hafnium oxide (HfO<SUB>2</SUB>) gate dielectric. The fabricated HfO<SUB>2</SUB>/IGZO TFTs have higher field-effect mobility than the SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/IGZO TFTs. The HfO<SUB>2</SUB>/InGaZnO TFTs show good performance with a high field-effect mobility of 25.8 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>, a low sub-threshold swing of 90 mV dec<SUP>-1</SUP>, and a threshold voltage of 0.67 V, respectively.

A novel mTOR activating protein protects dopamine neurons against oxidative stress by repressing autophagy related cell death

Son, Jin H,Choi, Kyou Chan,Kim, Shin Hee,Ha, Ji Young,Kim, Sang Tae 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2011 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.21

Our previous microarray analysis identified a neuroprotective protein Oxi-alpha, that was down-regulated during oxidative stress (OS)-induced cell death in dopamine neurons [Neurochem. Res. (2004) vol. 29, pp. 1223]. Here we find that the phylogenetically conserved Oxi-alpha protects against OS by a novel mechanism: activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and subsequent repression of autophagic vacuole accumulation and cell death. To the best of our knowledge, Oxi-alpha is the first molecule discovered in dopamine neurons, which activates mTOR kinase. Indeed, the down-regulation of Oxi-alpha by OS suppresses the activation of mTOR kinase. The pathogenic effect of down-regulated Oxi-alpha was confirmed by gene-specific knockdown experiment, which resulted in not only the repression of mTOR kinase and the subsequent phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1, but also enhanced susceptibility to OS. In accordance with these observations, treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor and autophagy inducer, potentiated OS-induced cell death, while similar treatment with an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine protected the dopamine cells. Our findings present evidence for the presence of a novel class of molecule involved in autophagic cell death triggered by OS in dopamine neurons.

Young Women with Breast Cancer in the United States and South Korea: Comparison of Demographics, Pathology and Management

Son, Byung Ho,Dominici, Laura S,Aydogan, Fatih,Shulman, Lawrence N,Ahn, Sei Hyn,Cho, Ja Young,Coopey, Suzanne B,Kim, Sung Bae,Min, H Elise,Valero, Monica,Wang, Jiping,Caragacianu, Diana,Gong, Gyung-yu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.6

Background: Breast cancer diagnosed in young women may be more aggressive, with higher rates of local and distant recurrence compared to the disease in older women. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that Korean women have a lower incidence of breast cancer than women in the United States, but that they present at a younger age than their American counterparts. We sought to compare risk factors and management of young women with breast cancer in Boston, Massachusetts (US) with those in Seoul, South Korea (KR). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed of consecutive patients less than 35 years old with a diagnosis of breast cancer at academic cancer centers in the US and KR from 2000-2005. Patient data were obtained by chart review. Demographic, tumor and treatment characteristics were compared utilizing Pearson's chisquare or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests where appropriate. All differences were assessed as significant at the 0.05 level. Results: 205 patients from the US and 309 from KR were analyzed. Patients in US were more likely to have hormone receptor positive breast cancer, while patients in KR had a higher rate of triple negative lesions. Patients in US had a higher mean body mass index and more often reported use of birth control pills, while those in the KR were less likely to have a sentinel node procedure performed or to receive post mastectomy radiation. Conclusions: Patients under 35 diagnosed with breast cancer in the US and KR differ with respect to demographics, tumor characteristics and management. Although rates of breast conservation and mastectomy were similar, US patients were more likely to receive post mastectomy radiation. The lower use of sentinel node biopsy is explained by the later adoption of the technique in KR. Further evaluation is necessary to evaluate recurrence rates and survival in the setting of differing disease subtypes in these patients.