Influence of heat‑treated Al-Si coating on the weldability and microstructural inhomogeneity for hot stamped steel resistance nut projection welds

Eun‑Joon Chun,Sung‑Sang Lim,Young‑Tae Kim,Ki‑Sung Nam,김영민,Young‑Whan Park,Siva Prasad Murugan,Yeong‑Do Park 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.1

Resistance nut projection weldability of Al–Si coated hot stamped steel (HSS) was investigated under the viewpoint of weldablecurrent range and joint strength (pull-out load). The microstructural inhomogeneities in the welds were also studied inorder to elucidate the factors affecting the joint strength of the welds. The weldability of the given Al–Si coated HSS wascompared with the weldability of an identical HSS without the Al–Si coating (Al–Si coating was polished out) and Zn coateddual phase steel. The weldable current range of Al–Si coated HSS was found to be narrower than that of the other materials. Furthermore, the average pull-out load within the weldable current range of the Al–Si coated HSS was the lowest among thethree materials. The reason for poor weld mechanical property of the Al–Si coated hot-stamped steel was attributed to themicrostructural inhomogeneities such as unmixed Al–Si coating layer at the edge of the nugget and the second phase Fe3(Al,Si) intermetallic compound. The formation of Fe3(Al, Si) phase was attributed to the solidification segregation of Al and Siduring the weld solidification and was confirmed with the numerical analysis of solidification segregation.

ASIA지역 의료선교지 선택을 위한 국제보건학적인 연구

남은우,배성권 高神大學校 保健科學硏究所 1993 보건과학연구소보 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of the study were to: (1) describe the health and related variables among the Asian countries: and (2) to determine the ranking of the medical missionary areas to the Asian countries. For the methods to treat data, 1990 PC Globe. Inc. Tempe. Az. U.S.A. was utilized. The analysis model developed for determining ranking of the medical missionary areas out of the Asian countries selected as variables are as follows: economical, christian proportion, education, ADL, IMR, and life expectancy. The following findings are : (1) According to result of the variables, determined 5 groups to classify for the mission in the 43 Asian countries. Group 1 includes of 13 countries that are Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Afghanistan, Yemen, India, Cambocia, Parkistan, Oman, Iran, Raos, Lebanon and China. Group 2 includes of 14 countries that are Maldives, Mongolia, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Turkey, Philippines, Myanmar, Indonesia, North Korea, Russia, Thailand and Sri Lanka. Also, Group 3 includes of 9 countries that are Qutar, Malaysia, Syrian, Makao, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cyprus, Israel and Kuweit. Group 4 includes of 4 countries that are Guam, Japan, Taiwan and Singapore and Group 5 includes of 3 countries that are Brunai, Hong Kong and South Korea. (2) Group 1, and Group 2 are the most need to medical missionary in the primary health care(PHC) level. In these Groups need not only community development program and PHC program including child and maternal health, vaccination, and tropical medicine but also curative services. (3) In 1992, 48 medical missionary institutions are operating in Korea. In these institutions need to cooperate inter-institutions, NGOs, and KOICA(Korea Oversea Institution Cooperate Agency). Also, Korean medical missionary institutions are need to cooperate with International institutions, for examples, WHO, and UNICEF. The implication of the major finding for most of the Asian countries indicates the necessary basic needs. They are: primary health care, education, family planning, rural water supply and sanitation. Therefore medical missionary program must development basic needs oriented for the Asian countries.

아시아 지역 의료선교지 선택을 위한 국제보건학적인 연구(Ⅱ) : 중국을 중심으로

남은우,배성권 高神大學校 保健科學硏究所 1994 보건과학연구소보 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of the study is to: 1) describe the health and related comprehensive situation in modern day China, and 2) develop strategy for medical missionary workers with respect to the current day situation in China. Principal source is PC Globe(1991), Inc. Tempe. Az. U.S.A. and supplementary sources are HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 1992(United Nations Development Programme), ASIAN DATA HANDBOOK 1992(International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development), and WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 1992 (The World Bank). The following findings are: 1. Considering that China is a vast country, there needs to be approciate strategy with respect to medical missionary workers. In the short term, from one year to three years, it would be most effective for medical care to be directed at infectious and chronic disease. In the long term, after five years, it would be most effective for medical care to be centered chronic disease and primary health care. 2. Primary health care would be an appropriative program for rural areas. In the case of urban areas, it would be desirable to provide secondary level or tertiary level medical care which should also include a rehabilitation service. 3. Although, outwardly the Chinese government allows freedom to practice religion, in fact, it operates a policy of limited access to foreign missionary services. Therefore, a "people to people contact program" needs to be developed. 4. Medical missionary workers need to cooperate with community development and health care programs. In addition, in order to carry out a more effective missionary program, teams of medical missionary workers which consist of : physician, nurse, medical technicians, and administrators need to be established. In conclusion, we can wee that for efficient missionary programs, there needs to be more interest in research especially the following areas: selection of fields of research, patterns of disease outbreaks in the fields, and a thorough evaluation of the program.

의약분업 실시 전ㆍ후 영도지역 주민의 약국 및 의료기관 의료이용 양상 변화 분석

南銀祐,朴宰成,M. Nishigaki,T. Hamai 고신대학교 영도발전연구소 2000 영도연구 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of the separation of prescribing and dispensing in Korea and to find how civilians' usage behaviors on medical institutes such as hospital, clinics, drugstore, and community health center are changed due to the policy. To examine the differences of usage behaviors, this study used a before-after design. Using self-administered questionnaires, this study performed survey from June 26 to August 1, 2000. Chi-square test and generalized logit model was utilized in each observation period. Based on the results of each observation period, this study evaluated the effects of the policy. On the basic finings, most civilians did not agree to the separation policy regardless of both observation periods. However, after the separation, civilians' behaviors seemed to be modified as the policy maker had intended. Most of civilians purchased their drugs from pharmacists after receiving physicians' prescriptions. Specifically, males and elder persons had the exactly same behaviors as the intended utilization behaviors. All study subjects agreed to the basic purpose of the policy for the purpose of the reduction of drug abuse and misuses. The implications of this study are two fold: First, how civilians' short-term inconvenience caused by the policy should be alleviated without interrupting well-established usage patterns. Second, a special attention to the elderly is needed.

지방공사 부산의료원의 경영효율화 방안 연구

남은우,강성권 고신대학교보건과학연구소 1999 보건과학연구소보 Vol.9 No.-

The purposes of this study are to identify and analyze the current state of management and operation of Puasan Medical Center, a local public medical institution, and related- controversial problems, and then to suggest some policies for the improvement of its managerial and operational erriciency. Considering its special role and function as a prblic medical institution, in particular, focusing on medical services in which its private counterpart does not actively engage, the improvement of its managerial and operational efficiency are considered to be a continuously-pursued issue. Recently, as an effort to improve its efficiency, some policies such as the introduction of reservation system for medical service, active compaign for patient attraction, and through monitoring on personal expenses, the costs of material and management expenses are being implementer. However, despite this effort, the current management and operation are still found to be problematic. Thus, this study by conducting the analysis on its current controversial problems, suggests some alternative policies as follows: first, thecurrent operating system is seemingly required to bo maintained for its special role and function as a public medical center. However, the managerial system is suggested to be subject to an innovative change. Furthermord, in case of a continued-unsatisfaction in relation with the improvement of its managerial efficiency, the adoption of managerial system entrusted to private managerial specialists can be an alternative. second, for the improvement ofmedical service quality, increase in the emplyment of distinguished medical specialists, and the expansion and modernization of medical facilities and instruments are required. third, for the increase in its efficiency harmonized with its public nature, the mutual connecting system between the medical center and university hospitals should be reregulated. Fourth, the adoption of a responsible management system is recommended, together with a post management control system in which the actual performance of manager is evaluated expost facto.

부산지역 종합병원환자의 흡연실태 및 원내 흡연정책에 관한 인식도 조사

남은우,류황건,박재성,민체류 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2001 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The purposes of this study were to identify patients' perceptions toward regulations of smoking in general hospitals and hazards caused by smoking. Moreover this study also identified smoking behaviors and punishment experience due to in-hospital smoking and education experiences of smoking in general hospitals. Around 88.0% of all respondents regardless of either smokers or non-smokers knew that hospitals are non-smoking area. However, 71.6% of smokers smoked during their hospital visits. For their smoking, only 51.0% of smokers utilized smoking rooms or areas for their smoking. Only 55.1% of smokers experienced punishments or notifications of warning due to their smoking. Around 93.0% of inpatients and outpatients acknowledged hazards toward their health caused by smoking. However, smokers did not realize the dangerous effects of passive smoking to other person. Only 38.1% of smokers said that passive smoking causes hazard of others' health. 63.8% of smokers hoped for secession of smoking but only 42.8% of them sustained their non-smoking periods over 5 moths. Based on these results, this study insists that a more enforced smoking policy in general hospitals be desperately needed for protecting patients' health and controlling smoking at unapproved areas. Moreover hospitals should take proactive actions to prevent smoking in hospitals. A health education program in hospitals should promote patients' self-efficacy to stop smoking and patients' understanding of the hazardous effects of passive smoking in hospitals.

고위 항문직장기형에서 전방 괄약근외형 항문함성형술

오남건,문상은 대한대장항문학회 1995 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.11 No.1

영도구의 생식보건사업 성과분석 : 남자중학생을 대상으로 한 성교육 효과 분석을 중심으로 the Effects of Sex Education on Middle School Students

남은우,강혜숙,박성빈,최재임,민체류 고신대학교 영도발전연구소 2001 영도연구 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study was to reduce the sexual problems of middle school students in Youngco-Gu, Busan. The survey was conducted by content analysis which was related with reproductive healty services such as budget, manpower, etc. This study was also conducted with sex education as the object and to measure the effects of sex education. Questionnaires from 203 students(7th-9th graders) in a male middle school were surveyed on Sept. 12-14, 2001. The statistical analysis used were t-test, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and χ^2 test by using SPSS/PC+ WIN 8.0 program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, 66.2% of the students among the subjects had a religion, and of those 50% were buddhists, 34.4% christians, 9.5% catholic. Religion of sexual related matters showed no significant effect. Of these students 68.1% showed medium interest in sexual related matters, 18% little interest or none and 13.5% high interest. 8th graders seemed to show more interest in sexual related matters than other grades. 41.8% of Students seemed to get information on sexual matters from friends and 27.1% from the internet. 30.9% of the respondents talked about their boy/girl friends with their parents compared to 43.3% who chose to talk to their friends about their sexual related problems. Second, 56.7% logged into lascivious-sites on the internet. Of those who logged onto lascivious-sites 46.1% logged in once or twice a month, 31.9% once or twice a week, and 2.7% logged in daily, 69.2% Felt curiosity, 23.4% felt indecent and 7.5% felt like engaging in a sexual act after visiting one of these sites. Third, the effects of sex education on experimental groups of 7th graders showed a 2.1 point increase(p<0.1), 4 point increase for 8th graders(p<.001), and 9th graders increased by 3.3 points(p<.001). Therefore this showed that it was advantageous for students to have sex education. Fourth, the effects of sex education on the students attitude showed only a little more improvement than before in the controlled groups whereas the experimental groups showed a large increase in good attitude in a good direction. Therefore, the experimental groups showed better results in sexual attitude compared to the controlled groups(p<.01).

Rohrer지수에 의한 한국과 중국 연변지역 조선족 아동의 체격비교

남은우,박기만,배성권 韓國學校保健學會 1996 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.9 No.1

This paper was performed to comparative study with the children's body strength status of Ethinc Korean in China and Korea. The subjects of this study were the students of each elementary school located in a rural and a urban areas in China. To compared the elvel of their body strength status, we investigated to the students of 2 elementary schools as comparative group on Kojae Area in Korea. We used student's physical record in the school. The contents of the study were the body weight, the chest circumstance, and the body height of the subjects. To make out the level of the students' physique, we measured by Rohrer Index output through above body height and body weight of them. The results of this were as follows; 1. In the case of Ethinc Korean in China, the average body weight(kilogram) is 28.94±6.68 in male 28.51±7.58 in famels. Comparatively, the average body weight in the case Korean is 31.99±7.23 in male and 31.74 ±7.82 in female. The average body height of Ethnic Korean is inferior about 2~5 Kilograms to that of Korean. 2. The average chest circumstance(centimeter) is 63.51±5.21 in male 63.05±5.87 in female of Ethinc Korean, 65.54±6.43 in male and 64.57±7.81 in female of Korean. Compared to between two group, the average chest circumstance of Ethinc Korean is inferior about 2~4 centimeters to that of Korean. 3. The average body height(centimeter) of Ethinc Korean is 135.28±8.96 in male 134.82±9.74 in female, and that of Korean is 136.68±9.12 in male and 136.10±9.92 in female. Like the preceding below results, the average body height of Ethinc Korean is inferior about 2~5 centimeters to that of Korean. 4. Compared to the fullness degree of physique between two group using Rohrer Index, Ethinc Korean is thiner than Korean. 5. Temporary, in case of children from 10 to 12 years old, female is superior to male through the index contained of the body weight, the chest circumstance, and the body height. It seems that female and male had different maximum growth age.

욕창 환자에서 빈혈과 혈청 단백질의 변화

오상향,남기석,이상오,박상일,최은,이양균 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Objective : To investigate the pathogenesis of anemia and serum protein alteration in patient with pressure ulcer and proper management method. Method : Eleven patients with pressure ulcer were investigated. To investigate the change of anemia and serum protein between pre- and post-treatment of pressure ulcer, we measured hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, mean corpuscular volume(MCV), red cell count, serum albumin and globulin before and after healing of pressure ulcer. Result : There was significant increases of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell count, MCV, serum iron, ferrtin and transferrin after healing of pressure ulcer(p<0.05). The serum ablumin and A/G ratio were increased significantly(p<0.05). The total globulin and α1-globulin were decreased significantly(p<0.05). There was no statically significant relationship between the ulcer size and the degree of anemia and hypoalbuminemia. Conclusion : This research suggested that anemia and serum protein alteration in patient with pressure ulcer are thought result from chronic inflammatory process. So, anemia and alteration of protein does not require any treatment such as transfusion, iron and albumin supply.