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Development of the Family Caregiver Burden Inventory(FCBI)
Sadanori Higashino,Takako Tsutui,Masafumi Kirino,Yuki Yajima,Yong Taek Kim,Kazuo Nakajima 한국노인복지학회 2003 International Journal of Welfare for the Aged Vol.9 No.-
The purpose of this study was to develop the Family Caregiver Burden Inventory(FCBI) for measuring the family caregiver burden caring for a family member with dementia at home in Japan and Korea. In our statistical analysis, we used data for 181 family members caring for a family member with dementia living in Otsu city, Shiga prefecture, Japan, and 256 family members caring for a family member with dementia living in Seoul and Pusan city in Korea. In developing the FCBI, the authors assumed three dimensions, "negative feelings to the care recipient", "limitation in the social activities" and "financial constraints" and drew 12 items from existing caregiver burden measures. In order to establish internal construct validity of the FCBI, we used a confirm atory factor analysis(CFA) and simultaneous factor analysis in two cross-national samples. In the analysis, we formulated and tested a second-order factor model of family caregiver burden consisting of three factors, "negative feelings to the care recipient", "limitation in the social activities" and "financial constraints". Furthermore, external construct validity of the FCBI was assessed using structural equation modeling. In the analysis, we hypothesized and tested MIMIC(multiple indicator and multiple cause) model for caregiver`s variables(nationality, gender, age, and duration of care) to caregiver burden. To evaluate the reliability of the FCBI, its internal consistency was also tested using Cronbach`s alpha coefficient. CFA and simultaneous factor analysis results supported the hypothesized second-order factor structure of the FCBI and indicated the FCBI fit both the Korean and Japanese data. Furthermore, MIMIC modeling results showed cargiver`s nationality, gender, and duration of care were significantly related to care burden. The reliability of the FCBI was good. Cronbach`s alpha coefficient of the FCBI was 0.88 for the Korean sample and 0.85 for the Japanese sample. We could develop the FCBI for measuring the family caregiver burden caring for a family member with dementia at home in Japan and Korea.
永山貞則 高麗大學校統計硏究所 1986 應用統計 Vol.1 No.2
일본의 통계제도는 명치대 초인 1870년대부터 백여년 사이에 발전되어 왔다. 그러나 전후의 발전이 너무나 눈부셨기 때문에 일본의 통계는 모두 전후에 새로이 출발한 것 같이 생각되기 쉽다. 그리고 여러 가지 기술이나 분석의 많은 것이 전후의 것만을 다루고 있다. 그러나 통계제도라고 하는 것은, 과거의 역사를 기반으로 하고있고 또 제약조건이 되어 작용하고 있는 것이다.
Kan Yang,Sadanori Abe,Kunhua Fan,Chi-Tang Ho,Geetha Ghai 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.1
Cancer chemoprevention via the ingestion of natural substances is a current topic of considerable interest.Flavonoids are a family of biologically active phytochemicals having a variety of biological effects. Orange peel extract (OPE)is an abundant source of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) with potential chemopreventive properties. The OPE used here was amixture containing tangeretin (19.0%), heptamethoxyflavone (15.24%), tetramethoxyflavone (13.6%), nobiletin (12.49%),hexamethoxyflavone (11.06%), and sinensitin (9.16%). C57Bl/6 mice were fed a new “Western-style” diet (NWD), whichhad previously induced atypical hyperplasias in mammary gland, and NWD supplemented with a standardized OPE contain-OPE in NWD. After 3 months of feeding, atypical hyperplasias developed in mammary glands of mice fed NWD, but not incontrols. After feeding OPE in NWD, atypical hyperplasias per mouse decreased in frequency compared to feeding NWDalone (P. .05 in mice fed 0.25% OPE). Apoptosis increased in OPE-treated groups (P. .01) with no inhibition of mitosis.Thus, a standardized preparation of OPE with 30% PMFs decreased development of an atypical hyperplastic lesion and in-creased apoptosis in ductal epithelial cells of mouse mammary gland.
Kan Yang,Kunhua Fan,Naoto Kurihara,Sadanori Abe,Chi-Tang Ho,Geetha Ghai 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.1
Orange peel is a rich source of flavonoids with polymethoxyflavones as major constituents, compounds asso-ciated with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. We studied the effect of an orange peel extract(OPE) on intestinal tumor growth in ApcMin/. mice, a mouse model for human familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). TheOPE contained 30% polymethoxyflavones, a mixture that included tangeretin (19.0%), heptamethoxyflavone (15.24%), tetram-ethoxyflavone (13.6%), nobiletin (12.49%), hexamethoxyflavone (11.06%), and sinensitin (9.16%). ApcMin/. mice were fedi.e., AIN-76A diet modified with decreasedcalcium, vitamin D, and methyl-donor nutrients and increased lipid content); (3) NWD with 0.25% OPE; and (4) NWD with0.5% OPE, with all additives premixed in the diet. After 9 weeks of feeding NWD to the ApcMin/. mice, tumors increasedmainly in the colon, with tumor multiplicity increasing 5.3-fold and tumor volume increasing 6.7-fold. After feeding 0.5%OPE in NWD, the development of tumors markedly decreased, with multiplicity decreasing 49% in the small intestine and38% in the colon. NWD also led to increased apoptosis in intestinal tumors, and 0.5% OPE in NWD further increased apop-model of FAP, and increased apoptosis may have contributed to this effect.