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Naoto Kurihara,Kunhua Fan,Howard T. Thaler,Kan Yang,Martin Lipkin 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.2
We previously reported hyperproliferation and hyperplasia in C57Bl/6 mouse mammary gland after feeding aWestern-style diet (WD); these findings decreased after supplementing WD with increased calcium and vitamin D3. We nowagain fortified WD with increased calcium and vitamin D3 from two sources: (1) a food source, calcium- and vitamin D3-en-riched yogurt (WDy diet) or (2) adding calcium and vitamin D3 directly to WD (WDCaD diet). After 6 months of feeding thenumber of mammary ducts was higher in mice consuming WD compared to WDy (216.0 vs. 202.7, P. .05) and WDCaD(216.0 vs. 194.9, P. .001). The percentage of small ducts increased in WD compared to AIN-76A controls (23.3% vs. 17.4%)but was lower in the WDy (17.1%) and WDCaD (14.8%) groups. WD mice had higher numbers of epithelial cells per ductthan WDy (33.2 vs. 27.4, P. .001) and WDCaD (33.2 vs. 27.8, P. .001) mice, and AIN-76A-fed mice had higher numbersthan WDy (31.1 vs. 27.4, P. .005) or WDCaD (31.1 vs. 27.8, P. .01) mice. Mitotic index was higher in WD than in WDCaD mice (0.0020 vs. 0.0009, P. .001). Thus, small mammary gland ductules and mitosis increased after feeding WDand decreased after supplementing the diets with increased calcium and vitamin D3, administered either in a dairy food (yo-gurt) or directly as calcium carbonate plus vitamin D3 in WD, suggesting further study of these nutrients for their possiblerelationship to breast cancer prevention.
Kan Yang,Kunhua Fan,Naoto Kurihara,Sadanori Abe,Chi-Tang Ho,Geetha Ghai 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.1
Orange peel is a rich source of flavonoids with polymethoxyflavones as major constituents, compounds asso-ciated with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. We studied the effect of an orange peel extract(OPE) on intestinal tumor growth in ApcMin/. mice, a mouse model for human familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). TheOPE contained 30% polymethoxyflavones, a mixture that included tangeretin (19.0%), heptamethoxyflavone (15.24%), tetram-ethoxyflavone (13.6%), nobiletin (12.49%), hexamethoxyflavone (11.06%), and sinensitin (9.16%). ApcMin/. mice were fedi.e., AIN-76A diet modified with decreasedcalcium, vitamin D, and methyl-donor nutrients and increased lipid content); (3) NWD with 0.25% OPE; and (4) NWD with0.5% OPE, with all additives premixed in the diet. After 9 weeks of feeding NWD to the ApcMin/. mice, tumors increasedmainly in the colon, with tumor multiplicity increasing 5.3-fold and tumor volume increasing 6.7-fold. After feeding 0.5%OPE in NWD, the development of tumors markedly decreased, with multiplicity decreasing 49% in the small intestine and38% in the colon. NWD also led to increased apoptosis in intestinal tumors, and 0.5% OPE in NWD further increased apop-model of FAP, and increased apoptosis may have contributed to this effect.