The Relationship of Salivary Viscosity with Halitosis

Sachiko Komori,Takashi Zaitsu,Sachiko Takehara,Masayuki Ueno,Yoko Kawaguchi 대한예방치과학회 2016 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.12 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship of salivary viscosity with halitosis. Methods: Subjects were 224 patients who visited a halitosis clinic. Instrumental measurements (Gas chromatography and Sulfide monitor) and the organoleptic assessment were used for the detection of halitosis. An oral health examination assessed the number of teeth present and decayed teeth, periodontal pocket depth and gingival bleeding, plaque index and tongue coating. Un-stimulated whole saliva was collected for 5 minutes. Salivary viscosity was measured using a cone-and-plate digital viscometer. The independent t-test and chi-square test were conducted to compare the means and distributional differences by malodor status. Logistic regression analysis was performed with malodor status as the dependent variable. Gender, age and oral health status were used as independent variables. Results: Chi-square tests demonstrated significant associations between salivary viscosity and H2S≥1.5, CH3SH≥0.5, (CH3)2S≥0.4, BreathtronⓇ≥251, and organoleptic score≥2.0 (p<0.05). Salivary viscosity (p<0.05) and the tongue coating (p<0.05) were significant variables in all malodor measurements (concentrations of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S, total volatile sulfur compounds [VSCs], and the organoleptic score). Compared to subjects with low salivary viscosity, those with high salivary viscosity were significantly more likely to have malodor (odds ratio: ranging from 2.32 to 7.51). Conclusion: This study indicated that salivary viscosity as well as tongue coating were significant risk factors for halitosis measured by concentrations of H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S, total VSCs, and the organoleptic score.

Linguistic Politeness in Chinese, Japanese and English From a Socio-Historical Perspective

Sachiko Ide,Guoyue Peng 한국사회언어학회 1995 사회언어학 Vol.3 No.2

The Role of a Development Agency in Peacebuilding: Track One-and-a-Half Mediation in Mindanao

( Sachiko Ishikawa ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2014 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.2 No.1

Japan`s development assistance to conflict-affected areas in Mindanao, southern Philippines, opened new pathways for the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to support multilateral peacebuilding efforts. JICA, in collaboration with Universiti Sains Malaysia, organized a series of Consolidation for Peace Seminars as Track One-and-a-Half mediations. Two aspects of Japan`s assistance to Mindanao enabled JICA to engage in peacemaking. First, Japan`s assistance to Mindanao formed a unique tripartite cooperation mechanism consisting of the International Monitoring Team, Mindanao Task Force, and Japan-Bangsamoro Initiative for Reconstruction and Development. JICA took part in all three modes of assistance. Second, providing assistance under a volatile cease-fire agreement in Mindanao motivated JICA to become involved in peacemaking outside the traditional function of development assistance.

Association between Short Maternal Height and Low Birth Weight: A Hospital-based Study in Japan

Sachiko Inoue,Hiroo Naruse,Takashi Yorifuji,Tsuguhiko Kato,Takeshi Murakoshi,Hiroyuki Doi,SV Subramanian 대한의학회 2016 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.31 No.3

Anthropometry measurements, such as height and weight, have recently been used to predict poorer birth outcomes. However, the relationship between maternal height and birth outcomes remains unclear. We examined the effect of shorter maternal height on low birth weight (LBW) among 17,150 pairs of Japanese mothers and newborns. Data for this analysis were collected from newborns who were delivered at a large hospital in Japan. Maternal height was the exposure variable, and LBW and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit were the outcome variables. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations. The shortest maternal height quartile (131.0-151.9 cm) was related to LBW (OR 1.91 [95% CI 1.64, 2.22]). The groups with the second (152.0-157.9 cm) and the third shortest maternal height quartiles (158.0-160.9 cm) were also related to LBW. A P trend with one quartile change also showed a significant relationship. The relationship between maternal height and NICU admission disappeared when the statistical model was adjusted for LBW. A newborn’s small size was one factor in the relationship between shorter maternal height and NICU admission. In developed countries, shorter mothers provide a useful prenatal target to anticipate and plan for LBW newborns and NICU admission.

The stuated approach to it - enabled telework

Sachiko Yanagihara,Hiroshi Koga 한국경영정보학회 2000 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2000 No.-

Adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: a retrospective study of 30 cases with respect to the expression of steroid synthesis enzymes

Sachiko Kitamura,Kaoru Abiko,Noriomi Matsumura,Hidekatsu Nakai,Yumiko Akimoto,Hirotoshi Tanimoto,Ikuo Konishi 대한부인종양학회 2017 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.28 No.4

Objective: Some, but not all, granulosa cell tumors are characterized by estrogen production. This study was designed to determine whether there are clinical or pathological variations ingranulosa cell tumors in relation to the expression of sex steroid synthesis enzymes. Methods: Clinical symptoms, serum hormonal values, and histology of 30 granulosacell tumor patients who underwent surgery between 2002 and 2014 were retrospectivelyreviewed. Results: Most patients presented with abnormal genital bleeding including abnormalmenstrual cycles. Eight of 16 patients older than 50 years had endometrial hyperplasia andone had endometrial cancer. Serum 17β-estradiol (E2) levels tended to be higher in patientsover 50 years of age (p=0.081). Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were low inall patients irrespective of serum E2 levels. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a thickerendometrium in older as compared to younger patients (p<0.05). Tumor cells in the majorityof cases were positive for inhibin α and P450 aromatase, irrespective of age and serum E2levels. P450 17α-hydroxylase (P450c17) expression varied among cases. P450c17 was stronglypositive in luteinized tumor cells and weakly positive in theca cells and fibroblasts. High E2levels were associated with P450c17-positive cells in the tumor (p<0.05). Conclusion: The expression of hormone-synthesizing enzymes divides granulosa celltumors into 2 distinct types; tumors with P450c17-positive cells show elevated serum E2 andrelated clinical symptoms, while tumors without these cells show symptoms related to FSHsuppression by inhibin.

English as a foreign language in early childhood care and education in Japan: Policy and pedagogy

Sachiko Kitano 환태평양유아교육연구학회 2008 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.2 No.1

This paper gives an overview of English education policy and practice for young children in Japan. Recently, a strong need for English education has emerged and changes have been made at the elementary school levels. English education has not yet been regulated, however, in early childhood education. This study investigates English education for young children in Japanese preschool settings, in lessons for preschoolers provided outside of preschool, and in English preschools. The results show that English lessons are offered more widely at private institutions than in public, and a strong commercial involvement that makes English education hard to access for families with fewer economic resources and families with two working parents. The results also revealed issues of quality in instructional method and in teachers' skills. Although there is a wide gap in opportunities to learn English from an early age, the result in English knowledge and skill in latter education level do not yet differ. More practical research and policy studies are needed to provide equal educational opportunities and also methodologically and professionally appropriate English education for young Japanese children.

日本語学習者の関連表現から見た文法教育の課題─国語教育と日本語教育における文法教育の対照による一考察─

Sachiko;Ito 한국일본어교육학회 2023 日本語敎育 Vol.- No.104

The object of this study is to compare and analyze the current Japanese grammar education for the first (native) and second (non-native) Japanese speakers and to unveil an aspect of its future requirements through a comment analysis of related expressions. First, through literature research the study analyzed the Japanese grammar education status quo on both as 1st and 2nd language. Second, it sought for a future Japanese grammar education requirement as a 2nd language, through a series of interview surveys with non-native Japanese learners. In order to analyze Japanese grammar education status quo, the study researched literatures and extracted 1) the target, 2) location and occasion, 3) objectives, 4) current education theories, and 5) challenges of each 1st and 2nd language grammar education.The comparative research revealed that the common future success of both Japanese grammar educations as 1st and 2nd language is to effectively support the learners to become able to express what they desire to express, using Japanese language. To unveil the current state of grammar education as the second language, the study conducted a series of interview surveys with non-native learners. The survey results demonstrated that the effectiveness of grammar education aiming “to develop learners’ metalinguistic ability,” which was specified in native language education literature, was also proven in 2nd language grammar education. Based on the result, the study pointed out the necessity of educators’ support for the learners to become aware of grammatical details by themselves in their daily linguistic activities, and leverage them in their practice. 本研究は、国語教育と日本語教育における文法教育の現状と展望の一端を、関連表現の語りから明らかにすることを目的とした。具体的には、第一に文献研究を通して国語教育と日本語教育における文法教育の現状を明らかにし、第二に日本語学習者へのインタビュー調査を通して日本語教育における文法教育の展望を明らかにした。 文献研究を通して、(1)教育対象、(2)教育の場、(3)教育目標、(4)文法教育の現状、(5)文法教育の課題を論じ、国語教育と日本語教育における文法教育の現状を述べた。学習者が日本語を使って自分の表現できるようになりたいことを表現できるように支援することが、国語教育と日本語教育に共通して指摘できる、これからの文法教育のあり方であることを論じた。 日本語教育における文法教育の現状を明らかにするため、日本語学習者へのインタビュー調査を行った。調査結果から、国語教育において指摘されている「メタ言語能力の育成」を目指した文法教育の在り方の有効性が、日本語教育における文法教育でも実証された。学習者が言語活動を行う上で自ら意識し、自らの言語活動に活かしていくための支援の必要性が明らかになった。

Effect of dietary proteins on the plasma immunoreactive insulin-like growth fact

Sachiko Takahashi 부산수산대학교 생명과학연구소 1990 生命科學硏究報告 Vol.1 No.-

Expression and Roles of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in Allergic Nasal Mucosa

Sachiko Mori,Ruby Pawankar,Chika Ozu,Manabu Nonaka,Toshiaki Yagi,Kimihiro Okubo 대한천식알레르기학회 2012 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.4 No.4

Purpose: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma share many characteristics, but structural changes are observed far less often in AR. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of Zn-dependent endopeptidases that can decompose the extracellular matrix and basement membrane, and regulate cell infiltration. We analyzed the expression of MMPs and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), in allergic nasal mucosa after nasal allergen challenge (NAC) and determined their relationship to inflammatory cells. Methods: Nasal mucosa specimens were obtained at surgery performed for hypertrophied turbinates. We performed NAC with house dust mite (HDM) allergen disks and control disks, and took biopsies at 30 minutes, 6 hours, and 12 hours after NAC. Cells expressing MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, as well as eosinophils and mast cells, were analyzed immunohistochemically. The MMPs and TIMPs in allergic nasal mucosa were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: At 30 minutes post-NAC, HDM-exposed nasal mucosa exhibited significantly more MMP-2+, MMP-9+, MMP-13+, TIMP-1+, and TIMP-2+ cells compared with control mucosa, and the numbers of MMP-9+ and TIMP-1+ cells correlated strongly with the number of mast cells. At 6 hours post-NAC, the numbers of MMP+ and TIMP+ cells did not differ significantly between HDM-exposed mucosa and control mucosa, but the ratios of MMP+ cells to TIMP+ cells were higher in HDM-exposed mucosa. At 12 hours post-NAC, the number of MMP-13+cells tended to be higher in HDM-exposed mucosa and was strongly correlated with the number of eosinophils. Quantitatively, the levels of MMP-2and MMP-13 were significantly higher than the MMP-9 level, and the TIMP-2 level was significantly higher than the TIMP-1 level in allergic nasal mucosa. Conclusions: We demonstrated increased expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13 in allergic nasal mucosa, high MMPs-to-TIMP-1ratios, and a strong correlation between MMP-9 and mast cells and between MMP-13 and eosinophils. The imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs may contribute to the migration of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and mast cells to the nasal mucosa of AR patients, suggesting a possible active role of MMPs in AR.