중소형 사업장에서 발생한 유해/비유해 고형폐기물 관리와 처분

( Rajamani S ),( Suthanthararajan R ),( Ramasami T ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

유해한 범주로 분류된 가죽 분야를 포함하여, 중소형 사업장으로부터의 고형폐기물 처분에 대해서 관심이 증가되고 있다. 200개의 Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs)와17개의 Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) 로부터 발생한 유해범주에 속한 탈수 슬러지 200,000ton 의 처분은 인도에서는 중요한 문제 중에 하나이다. 전통적으로 크롬의 50-60%만이 가죽공장 크롬염료 제혁법에 적용되어지며, 그 나머지는 폐수로 배출되어진다. 남 아시아 제혁법은 BCS(Basic Chromium Sulfate)의 형태로 200,000 ton의 크롬이 해마다 사용되며, 약 그 중 80,000 ton의 크롬염은 폐수형태로 배출되어진다. 슬러지 처분문제를 최소화 하는 관점에서, 인도와 다른 남아시아 국가에서는 적절-간단하게 운영되는 크롬 회수 및 재사용 시스템을 개발 및 추진되어졌다. 크롬의 농도가 2-3%인 농도에서 0.5%(Cr)이하로 감소함에 따라, 그 슬러지는 환경부와 산림부 (MoEF) 분류에 의하여 비유해물질로 분류 되어진다. 본 논문은 인도에서 비유해물질 뷴류인 슬러지 및 고형폐기물 뿐만이 아니라 유해범주에 속한 물질에 대해서 commercial scale의 간단하고 자립 가능한 매립처분 방법을 개발 및 채택되는 것에 다루었다. Solid waste disposal from small and medium scale industries including leather sector, which are classified under hazardous category, has become a matter of increasing concern. The disposal of 200,000 tons of dewatered hazardous category sludge generated annually from 200 Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) and 17 Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) is one of the serious problems in India. More than 80% of the tanneries adopt chrome-tanning practice. In traditional chrome tanning practice only 50-60% of the chromium applied is taken by the leather and the balance is discharged as waste. South Asian tanneries use annually 200,000 tons of chromium in the form of Basic Chromium Sulfate (BCS) and out of this about 80,000 tons of chromium salts are discharged as waste. With a view to minimize the disposal problem of sludge, an appropriate, simple and fully operational commercial scale chrome recovery and reuse system was developed and promoted in India and other South Asian countries. Due to the reduction in chromium concentration from the level of 2 to 3% to less than 0.5% as Cr, the sludge is classified as non-hazardous category as per the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF). This paper deals with the simple and viable land disposal methods developed and adopted in India at commercial scale for hazardous category as well as for non-hazardous category sludge and solid wastes.

HAZARDOUS AND NON-HAZARDOUS CATEGORY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL FROM SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRIES

( Rajamani S ),( Suthanthararajan R ),( Ramasami T ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

Solid waste disposal from small and medium scale industries including leather sector, which are classified under hazardous category, has become a matter of increasing concern. The disposal of 200,000 tons of dewatered hazardous category sludge generated annually from 200 Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) and 17 Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) is one of the serious problems in India. More than 80% of the tanneries adopt chrome-tanning practice. In traditional chrome tanning practice only 50-60% of the chromium applied is taken by the leather and the balance is discharged as waste. South Asian tanneries use annually 200,000 tons of chromium in the form of Basic Chromium Sulfate (BCS) and out of this about 80,000 tons of chromium salts are discharged as waste. With a view to minimize the disposal problem of sludge, an appropriate, simple and fully operational commercial scale chrome recovery and reuse system was developed and promoted in India and other South Asian countries. Due to the reduction in chromium concentration from the level of 2 to 3% to less than 0.5% as Cr, the sludge is classified as non-hazardous category as per the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF). This paper deals with the simple and viable land disposal methods developed and adopted in India at commercial scale for hazardous category as well as for non-hazardous category sludge and solid wastes.

Anxiolytic effect of leaf galls extracts of Pipernigrum Linn. in Swiss Albino mice

Rajesh Rajamani,Sathiyanarayanan L,Arulmozhi S,Ruby 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2009 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.9 No.2

Anxiety disorders are one of the serious problems which need proper therapy devoid of side effects of presently available medicines. The present study evaluates the anxiolytic and sedative activity of leaf galls of Piper nigrum Linn. in Swiss Albino mice. The pet. ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of leaf galls of Piper nigrum Linn were obtained by continuous soxhlet extraction. The prepared extracts were found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight of mice in the acute toxicity study. Each extract was assessed for anxiolytic activity in Swiss Albino mice by elevated plus Maze, open field test, rota rod test and phenobarbitone induced sleeping time test. In the Elevated Plus Maze test, the pet.ether extract and chloroform extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. orally, significantly (P < 0.01) increased the number of entries and time spent in open arm comparable with standard diazepam at the dose of 10 mg/kg. b.w. p.o. In the open field test, pet. ether extract (50 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) showed significant increase (P < 0.01) in ambulation and activity in the center. Chloroform extract (50 mg/kg b.w p.o.) was significant (P < 0.05) for both ambulation and center activity. Pet. ether extract (50 mg/kg b.w. p.o) also showed significant activity (P < 0.01) in rota rod test. All the results are comparable with standard diazepam at the dose of 1 mg /kg b.w, p.o. Moreover all the extracts showed significant (P < 0.01) increase in the phenobarbitone induced sleeping time among which pet.ether showed more prominent activity (36%) comparable with control. The results revealed that, the active pet.ether extract and chloroform extract of leaf galls of Piper nigrum Linn is worthwhile to develop the bioactive principle for anxiolytic activity. Anxiety disorders are one of the serious problems which need proper therapy devoid of side effects of presently available medicines. The present study evaluates the anxiolytic and sedative activity of leaf galls of Piper nigrum Linn. in Swiss Albino mice. The pet. ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of leaf galls of Piper nigrum Linn were obtained by continuous soxhlet extraction. The prepared extracts were found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight of mice in the acute toxicity study. Each extract was assessed for anxiolytic activity in Swiss Albino mice by elevated plus Maze, open field test, rota rod test and phenobarbitone induced sleeping time test. In the Elevated Plus Maze test, the pet.ether extract and chloroform extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. orally, significantly (P < 0.01) increased the number of entries and time spent in open arm comparable with standard diazepam at the dose of 10 mg/kg. b.w. p.o. In the open field test, pet. ether extract (50 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) showed significant increase (P < 0.01) in ambulation and activity in the center. Chloroform extract (50 mg/kg b.w p.o.) was significant (P < 0.05) for both ambulation and center activity. Pet. ether extract (50 mg/kg b.w. p.o) also showed significant activity (P < 0.01) in rota rod test. All the results are comparable with standard diazepam at the dose of 1 mg /kg b.w, p.o. Moreover all the extracts showed significant (P < 0.01) increase in the phenobarbitone induced sleeping time among which pet.ether showed more prominent activity (36%) comparable with control. The results revealed that, the active pet.ether extract and chloroform extract of leaf galls of Piper nigrum Linn is worthwhile to develop the bioactive principle for anxiolytic activity.

Initial experience with intra-articular 188Re-tin colloid as a “radiation synovectomy” agent in various joints

Ajit S Shinto,Indira VU,Kamaleshwaran KK,Vinay Kumar Banka,Aswathy KK,Thirumalaisamy SG,Rajamani V,Madhav Mallia,Sharmila Banerjee 대한방사성의약품학회 2015 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.1 No.2

Radiation synovectomy has been proposed as a promising palliative therapy for recurrent joint effusions for the last two or three decades. Ionizing radiations emitted by intrarticularly administered radiolabelled colloids. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of radiation synovectomy (RSV) using 188Re-tin colloid in the treatment of recurrent joint effusions and chronic synovitis of knee joints. Three phase bone scan was acquired for the concerned joint prior to radiosynovectomy. 188Re-tin colloid was prepared as per the reported protocol. 9 patients, diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and suffering from chronic resistant synovitis of the knee, ankle or elbow joints were administered the radiopharmaceuticals, checked for radiochemical purity >95% by intraarticular route. A whole body scan was acquired 2 h post-radiosynovectomy. In all the 9 treatments, no leakage to non-target organs was visible in the whole body scan. Static scans of the joint revealed complete retention of 188Re-tin colloid in the joints post administration of the agent. Clinically all patients exhibited a complete or partial response. RSV with 188Re-tin colloid was safe and effective in patients with chronic synovitis of rheumatoid origin. J Radiopharm Mol Probes 1(2):109-117, 2015

Initial experience with intra-articular ¹⁸⁸Re-tin colloid as a "radiation synovectomy" agent in various joints

Shinto, Ajit S,Indira, VU,Kamaleshwaran, KK,Banka, Vinay Kumar,Aswathy, KK,Thirumalaisamy, SG,Rajamani, V,Mallia, Madhav,Banerjee, Sharmila Korean Society of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecul 2015 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.1 No.2

Radiation synovectomy has been proposed as a promising palliative therapy for recurrent joint effusions for the last two or three decades. Ionizing radiations emitted by intrarticularly administered radiolabelled colloids. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of radiation synovectomy (RSV) using $^{188}Re$-tin colloid in the treatment of recurrent joint effusions and chronic synovitis of knee joints. Three phase bone scan was acquired for the concerned joint prior to radiosynovectomy. $^{188}Re$-tin colloid was prepared as per the reported protocol. 9 patients, diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and suffering from chronic resistant synovitis of the knee, ankle or elbow joints were administered the radiopharmaceuticals, checked for radiochemical purity >95% by intraarticular route. A whole body scan was acquired 2 h post-radiosynovectomy. In all the 9 treatments, no leakage to non-target organs was visible in the whole body scan. Static scans of the joint revealed complete retention of $^{188}Re$-tin colloid in the joints post administration of the agent. Clinically all patients exhibited a complete or partial response. RSV with $^{188}Re$-tin colloid was safe and effective in patients with chronic synovitis of rheumatoid origin.

가죽의류 제조공업 1차 화학슬러지로부터 건설자재원료의 생산

( Sekaran¸ G. ),( Gnanamani¸ A. ),( Rajamani¸ S. ),( Sadulla¸ S. ),( T. Ramasami ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

가죽의류 제조공업으로부터 발생된 폐수는 COD 3094mg/l, BOD 980mg/l, TOC 1133mg/l, VFA 840mg/l, 게다가 pH 산도 5.65와 타닌 50mg/l 를 함유한다. 폐수의 물리적처리 구성은 화학적 처리 COD 1890mg/l, BOD 690mg/l, TOC 734mg/l, 타닌 10mg/l 로 감소하였다. 슬러지는 가죽의류제조 1ton당 800kg 이 발생한다. 1차 화학슬러지로부터 다른 pH의 침출수는 BOD 100-240mg/l, COD 351-2544 mg/l, 타닌 44-161 mg/l, Cr3+ 0.5-19 mg/l, 철 2-25 mg/l, pH1-11 로 나타났다. 토양 침출수의 환경부하는 batch 와 고정식 흡착실험에 의해 조사 되었다. 침출수의 요소는 공동확산작용, 활성에너지, COD, TDS, Chromium, 타닌에 의해 결정되어졌다. 1차 화학슬러지에서 생산된 석회가루는 시멘트, 비산재,석회의 같은 비율의 무게로 혼합하였다. 혼합구성; 생석회슬러지: 점토: 시멘트, 생석회슬러지: 비산재 : 시멘트, 생석회슬러지 : 비산재: 석회 : 시멘트, 생석회슬러지 : 비산재 : 점토 : 시멘트, 생석회슬러지 : 비산재 : 점토: 시멘트 : 석회. 위의 혼합으로 주조한 벽돌은 습한 대기상태에서 28일간 양생 되었다. 벽돌은 중금속과 유기물에 관계된 다른pH상태에서 침출수 특성과 압축강도 시험을 하였다. 1차 화학슬러지에서 석회와 벽돌제조의 처분의 경제성에 대해 토의한다. Wastewater generated from garment leather manufacturing industry contained COD 3094mg/l, BOD 980mg/l, TOC 1133mg/l, VFA 840mg/l, in addition to acidic pH 5.65 and tannin 50 mg/1. Physical treatment of wastewater consisted of equalization cum settling followed by chemical treatment with Ferric Chloride to remove tannin and lime to neutralize the wastewater. COD was reduced to 1890, BOD to 690 mg/1 and TOC to 734 mg/1 and tannin to 10 mg/1. The sludge production was 800 Kg per ton of the garment leather manufactured. The leachates at different pH from the primary chemical sludge was characterized were BOD 100-240 mg/1, COD 351-2544 mg/1, Tannin 44-161 mg/1, Cr3+ the range of 0.5 - 19 mg/1 and Iron in the range of 2-25 mg/1 over the pH range of 1-11. The environmental impact of the leachates on soil was investigated under batch and fixed bed adsorption studies. The diffusion coefficient and energy of activation of the leachate components in terms of COD, TDS, Chromium and tannin were determined. The primary chemical sludge was calcined under controlled atmosphere in an electric furnace. The calcined product of the primary chemical sludge was blended by Portland cement, Fly ash, Lime in the following combination; Calcined sludge: Clay: Cement, Calcined sludge: Fly ash : Cement, Calcined sludge : Fly ash: Lime: Cement, Calcined sludge : Fly ash : Clay : Cement, Calcined sludge : Fly ash: Clay: Cement: Lime in fixed ratio by weight. The bricks casts from the above mixtures were cured for 28 days under controlled humid atmosphere. The bricks were tested for their compressive strength and leaching characteristics under different pH conditions with reference to heavy metals and organics. The economics of the disposal of primary chemical sludge through calcinations and brick making is discussed.

Food Seasoning Spices Mixture Improves Glucose Metabolism and Lipid Profile in Fructose-Fed Hyperinsulinemic Rats

C.V. Anuradha,S. Rajamani,R. Suganthi,M.K. Ravichandran 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.4

Fructose feeding has been shown to induce insulin resistance in rats, associated with hyperinsulinemia, hy-perglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. We have investigated the effect of administering food seasoning spices mixture (SM)on glucose, insulin, and lipids in circulation and carbohydrate enzymes in the erythrocytes of high fructose-fed rats. Addi-tionally, we also measured the protein glycation status by assaying the levels of glycated hemoglobin, fructosamine, and plasmaprotein glycation. Male Wistar rats received a daily diet containing either 60% fructose or 60% starch (control). The rats wereadministered SM at three different doses (10, 30, or 50 mg/day per rat) orally 15 days later. At the end of the 45-day exper-imental period, fructose-fed rats showed significantly higher levels of plasma glucose and insulin, dyslipidemia, and alter-ations in enzyme activities. Treatment with SM significantly reduced plasma glucose and insulin levels and brought about afavorable lipid profile. In these rats, the activities of enzymes of glucose metabolism were normal. These effects were ob-served at all three doses of SM. High homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) values indicated insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats, while the HOMA values in SM-treated fructose-fed rats were comparable to those of control rats. We conclude thatadministration of SM improves glucose metabolism and plasma lipid profile in fructose-fed rats, possibly through improvedinsulin-sensitizing actions of the active constituents.

화학공업 폐기물 혼합매립 침출수의 처분

( Gnanamani A. ),( Sekaran G. ),( Rajamani S. ),( Sadulla S. ),( Ramasami T. ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

벤젠 원료로부터 디카르복시산의 생산시 견고하려는 경향성이 매우 높은 폴리머 물질을 발생시킨다. 이 견고한 생산품은 제안된 처분 방법의 일종인 지표에 버려진다. 고형 생산품의 지표 공동처분은 기후 조건에 의해 공동처분지 인근에 건설된 깊은 토양 피트로 화합물을 침출시키기도 한다. 고형폐기물은 pH 2.11, BOD 12,000 mg/L, COD 38,850 gni/L, TOC 19,380 mg/L 및 VFA 24,170 mg/L를 나타낸다. 생물학적 분해가 어려운 특성을 가지는 침출수는 BOD/COD 비가 0.31을 나타내며, 침줄수의 분해 요소에 따르는 재래식 처리 기술이 비효율 적이게 되어, 해결되지 않은 처분 문제가 남게 된다. 그러므로, 고형 생산품의 침출수 처리 기술에 고도 폐수처리 기술이 적용되었다. 현재의 연구는 산성 디클로메이트, 펜톤 산화제,H2O2/활성탄 촉매 혼합물이 폴리머 화합물 내의 intermolecular와 intramolecular 결합을 분열시키기 위해 시도되는 것이다. 산성 디클로메이트로 족매 산화된 후, BOD 및 COD 수치는 각각 3,900 mg/L, 6,406 mg/L를 나타내었다. 그러나, 폴리머 화합물내의 결합 분열은 6가 크롬에서 중금속 오염을 초래하는 3가 크롬으로의 변화를 가져왔다. 펜톤 산화제에 의한 침출수 시료의 산화는 BOD 및 COD 농도를 각각 2,100 mg/L, 5,441 mg/L로 낮출 수 있었다. 그러나, 처리된 화합물은 중금속에 오염된 것으로 나타났다. 고형 폐기물 시료는 친수성 중간형 다공 활성탄/H2O2 혼합물에 의해 산화되었으며, 이때의 BOD 및 COD 농도는 각각 2,300 mg/L, 5,471 mg/L를 나타내었다. 활성탄/H2O2로 의해 촉매화된 폐기물 시료는 혐기성 생물학적 처리기술의 향상을 가져왔다. 호기성 생물학적 처리 후 BOD 및 COD 농도는 각각 300 mg/L, 621 mg/L로 감소되었다. Manufacture of dicarboxylic acid from the raw material benzene leaves behind a polymeric material which has very high tendency to solidify. The solidified product is dumped on the open ground as one of the suggested methods for the disposal. The land co-disposal of solid product is subjected to climatinc conditions leading to leaching of the compound into deep soil pit, constructed near the land co-disposal site. The solid waste was characterized by pH 2.11, BOD by 12000 mg/1, COD 38857 mg/1, TOC 19380 mg/1 and VFA 2470 mg/1. The poor biodegrdable nature of the leachate, indexed by BOD/COD ratio (0.31), renders the conventional treatment technologies followed for the degradation of components of leachate were ineffective and thus disposal problem remains unsolved. Hence, advanced wastewater treatment technology was the opted technology for the disposal of the leachate of the solid product. In the present investigation acidified dichromate, Fenton reagent and Hydrogen peroxide/activated carbon catalyst mixture were attemted to fission the intermolecular and intramolecular bonding in the polymeric compound. After cataytic oxidation with acidified dichromate the BOD and COD values were found to be 3900 and 6406 mg/1. However, cleavage of bonding in polymeric compound was accompanied with conversion of hexavalent chromium into trivalent chromium offering heavy metal contamination. Oxidation of leachate sample with Fenton reagent was able to reduce BOD and COD values respectively to 2100 mg/1 and 5441 mg/1. However, the treated compound had the evidence of heavy metal contamination. Solid waste samples were oxidised with hydrophilic mesoporous activated carbon/H2O2 mixture to obtain BOD and COD values respectively 2300 mg/1 and 5471 mg/1. The Activated carbon/H2O2 catalysed solid waste samples have recorded marked improvement in anaerobic biological treatment. After anaerobic biological treatment the BOD and COD values have been reduced to 300 mg/1 and 621 mg/1 respectively. Further reduction BOD and COD values were achived in aerobic biological treatment. The scheme of process followed for the treatment and the variables that control the catalytic oxidation process, and anaerobic treatment of catalytic oxidised sample is discussed.

DISPOSAL OF LEACHATES COLLECTED FROM THE CO-DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE GENERATED IN A CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

( Gnanamani A. ),( Sekaran G. ),( Rajamani S. ),( Sadulla S. ),( Ramasaini T. ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

Manufacture of dicarboxylic acid from the raw material benzene leaves behind a polymeric material which has very high tendency to solidify. The solidified product is dumped on the open ground as one of the suggested methods for the disposal. The land co-disposal of solid product is subjected to climatinc conditions leading to leaching of the compound into deep soil pit, constructed near the land co-disposal site. The solid waste was characterized by pH 2.11, BOD by 12000 mg/1, COD 38857 mg/1, TOC 19380 mg/1 and VFA 24170 mg/1. The poor biodegrdable nature of the leachate, indexed by BOD/COD ratio (0.31), renders the conventional treatment technologies followed for the degradation of components of leachate were ineffective and thus disposal problem remains unsolved. Hence, advanced wastewater treatment technology was the opted technology for the disposal of the leachate of the solid product. In the present investigation acidified dichromate, Fenton reagent and Hydrogen peroxide/activated carbon catalyst mixture were attempted to fission the intermolecular and intramolecular bonding in the polymeric compound. After cataytic oxidation with acidified dichromate the BOD and COD values were found to be 3900 and 6406 mg/1. However, cleavage of bonding in polymeric compound was accompanied with conversion of hexavalent chromium into trivalent chromium offering heavy metal contamination. Oxidation of leachate sample with Fenton reagent was able to reduce BOD and COD values respectively to 2100 mg/1 and 5441 mg/1. However, The treated compound had the evidence of heavy metal contamination. Solid waste samples were oxidised with hydrophilic mesoporous activated carbon/H₂O₂ mixture to obtain BOD and COD values respectively 2300 mg/1 and 5471 mg/1. The Activated carbon/H₂O₂ catalysed solid waste samples have recorded marked improvement in anaerobic biological treatment. After anaerobic biological treatment the BOD and COD values have been reduced to 300 mg/1 and 621 mg/1 respectively. Further reduction BOD and COD values were achived in aerobic biological treatment. The scheme of process followed for the treatment and the variables that control the catalytic oxidation process, and anaerobic treatment of catalytic oxidised sample is discussed.

PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL FROM PRIMARY CHEMICAL SLUDGE GENERATED FROM A GARMENT LEATHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

( Sekaran¸ G. ),( Gnanamani¸ A. ),( Rajamani¸ S. ),( Sadulla¸ S. ),( T. Ramasami ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

Wastewater generated from garment leather manufacturing industry contained COD 3094mg/l, BOD 980mg/l, TOC 1133mg/l, VFA 840mg/l, in addition to acidic pH 5.65 and tannin 50 mg/l. Physical treatment of wastewater consisted of equalization cum settling followed by chemical treatment with Ferric Chloride to remove tannin and lime to neutralize the wastewater. COD was reduced to 1890, BOD to 690 mg/1 and TOC to 734 mg/1 and tannin to 10 mg/1. The sludge production was 800 Kg per ton of the garment leather manufactured. The leachates at different pH from the primary chemical sludge was characterized were BOD 100-240 mg/1, COD 351-2544 mg/1, Tannin 44-161 mg/1, Cr³⁺ the range of 0.5 - 19 mg/1 and Iron in the range of 2-25 mg/1 over the pH range of 1-11. The environmental impact of the leachates on soil was investigated under batch and fixed bed adsorption studies. The diffusion coefficient and energy of activation of the leachate components in terms of COD, TDS, Chromium and tannin were determined. The primary chemical sludge was calcined under controlled atmosphere in an electric furnace. The calcined product of the primary chemical sludge was blended by Portland cement, Fly ash, Lime in the following combination; Calcined sludge: Clay: Cement, Calcined sludge: Fly ash : Cement, Calcined sludge : Fly ash: Lime: Cement, Calcined sludge : Fly ash : Clay : Cement, Calcined sludge : Fly ash: Clay: Cement: Lime in fixed ratio by weight. The bricks casts from the above mixtures were cured for 28 days under controlled humid atmosphere. The bricks were tested for their compressive strength and leaching characteristics under different pH conditions with reference to heavy metals and organics. The economics of the disposal of primary chemical sludge through calcinations and brick making is discussed.