청국장의 제조방법과 이용실태에 관한 조사연구

김태영,김진숙,장창문,신선영,유선미,최정숙,박홍주 한국콩연구회 1996 韓國콩硏究會誌 Vol.13 No.2

The preparation method for traditional Chung-Kuk-Jang at home was surveyed by 241 housewives through the country using premade questionnaires. The 84.2% of total respondents prepared Chung-Kuk-Jang at home, mostly from October to December (95.5%), once or twice per year (71.9%). Soybean for Chung-Kuk-Jang had a relatively large grain size, and average soaking and boiling time were 5.8 hr and 3.6 hr, respectively. Only 31% of respondents used rice straw for Chung-Kuk-Jang fermentation and 90% of respondents fermented Chung-Kuk-Jang in the Korean under-door heating system for 3 days (53.2%) or 2 days (20.2%). Average subsidiary ingredients for Chung-Kuk-Jang making were salt (8.5%), garlic(2.2%), redpepper-powder (0.2%). After mixing all ingredients, Chuag-Kuk-Jang in clay pot was kept in a cool place (38.4%) or refrigerator (38.4%). The 58.5% of total respondents had experience of purchasing commercial Chung-Kuk-Jang, mostly is the market (51.1%) or supermarket (40.4%) and the respondents, who were low-aged or high - educational level or live in apartment purchased the commercial products more often than the others. The reasons for purchasing commercial products were convenience (40.4%), short of time(34%) and the criteria for purchasing were odor (34.8%) and taste by previous experience (28.4%). Respondents preferred vinyl packing (83.7%) and 300g pack (52.5%) for. single usage. The 45.4% of respondents were not satisfied with the commercial products and the reason for dissatisfaction was inferior taste (56.3%), especially without taste peculiar to the Chung-Kuk-Jang. The necessities for improving quality of Chung-Kuk-Jang were to mask off - flavour (52.3%) and to preserve deterioration (30.7%).

니세틸 정(아세틸 - 엘 - 카르니틴 500mg)에 대한 뉴로세틸 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,오인준,이용복,임동구,문재동,심영순,김은아,정현철 한국약제학회 2001 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.31 No.1

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), an endogenous component of the L-carnitine family, is naturally occurring molecule synthesized from L-carnitine (LC) by carnitine acetyl transferase. ALC has been shown to improve the cognitive performance of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type and proposed for treating Alzheimer's disease in pharmacological doses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ALC tablets, Nicetile^(TM) (Dong-A pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Neurocetil^(TM) (Kyung-Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration. Twenty six normal male volunteers, 22.80±2.76 year in age and 63.07±7.98 ㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2 × 2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 500 ㎎ of ALC was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ALC in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Because of the presence of endogenous ALC, the calibration was performed using dialyzed serum. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_(max) and T_(max) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_(max) and T_(max) between two tablets were 2.72%, -0.65% and -8.42%, respectively, when calculated against the Nicetile^(TM) tablet. The powers (1-β) for AUC_t and C_(max) were 94.87% and 87.17%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (△) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 15.58% and 19.16% AUC_t and C_(max), respectively). The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -11.84∼6.41 and -10.57∼11.88 for AUC_t and C_(max), respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Neurocetil^(TM) tablet is bioequivalent to Nicetile^(TM) tablet.

췌장암에서 Cyclooxygenase - 2 발현의 역할

김은경,이용욱,이규택,최규완,박동일,백승운,이준행,이종균,고광철,이풍렬,이종철,김재준,김완선,공구 대한소화기학회 2001 대한소화기학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Background/Aims: Accumulating evidence suggests that the use of NSAID may reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer. The likely mechanisms of these effects by NSAID is cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-related inhibition of tumor proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The aim of our study was to examine possible roles and clinical significance of COX-2 expression in pancreatic cancer. Methods: Seventy-two pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue specimens were obtained from surgical resection. After the immunohistochemical staining of the specimens, we examined proliferation activity (assayed by Ki-67 expression), apoptosis (by TUNEL stain), and microvessel density (by CD34 expression). We also investigated the relationship between the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 and various clinicopathological characteristics. Results: The COX-2 positive rate in pancreatic epithelial cells was 41.7%. Proliferation index (PI) was significant higher in COX-2 positive specimens comparing to negative specimen (p=0.015) and the increase in intensity of COX-2 expression correlated with increasing PI (p=0.036). Apoptotic index (AI) was significantly higher in positivee COX-2 expression than in negative expression (p=0.044), but there was no significant difference in AI/PI between the COX-2 positive and negative specimens (p=0.44). The expression of COX-2 protein did not correlate with microvessel density, sex, age, differentiation, tumor size, stage, metastasis or patients survival. Conclusions: The expression of COX-2 enzyme in pancreatic cancer contributes to tumor proliferation, but is not related to apoptosis, angiogenesis or clinical characteristics. Further study is needed to examine the clinical usefulness of NSAID and COX-2 selective inhibitors.

미세다공필름 물성에 분산성이 개선된 이산화티타늄이 미치는 영향

김문선,정재관 한국화학공학회 2000 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.38 No.5

종이와 같이 가볍고 백색도가 높으면서 기계적 특성이 우수한 미세다공필름을 제조하기 위하여 폴리에틸렌테레프탈레이트수지와 폴리프로필렌수지, 이산화티타늄을 혼합하여 필름내부에 미세한 공간들이 균일하게 생성할 수 있는 조건에 대해 연구하였다. L/D비가 40인 투윈스크류 압출기를 사용하여 압출량 20㎏/h, 스크류의 회전속도가 40rpm인 비처리량이 0.05 ㎏/h·rpm 조건에서 인장강도가 가장 높았으며 폴리에틸렌테레프탈레이트수지 88 wt%와 폴리프로필렌수지를 12 wt% 조건으로 혼합하는 것이 우수한 기계적 특성과 낮은 밀도를 동시에 만족할 수 있는 최적 조건이다. 이산화티타늄의 분산성은 미세다중필름의 밀도와 기계적 특성에 영향을 미쳤으며 이산화티타늄 표면에 올소인산이 분산제로 사용된 15 ㎎PO^₄(-3)/g 이 가장 좋은 효과가 있었다. We have studied on the conditions to make uniform microvoids inside a film by blending with polyethyleneterephthalate, polypropylene and titanium dioxide in order to produce microvoided films with light weight like paper, high whiteness and brilliant mechanical properties. In twin screw extruder with length to diameter ratio(L/D), 40, it was possible to get the highest tensile strength at specific throughput of 0.05 ㎏/h with the extrusion amount of 20 ㎏/h and screw rotational speed of 400 rpm, and to satisfy the goal mechanical properties and low density at the blending conditions of polyethyleneterephthalate, 88 wt% and polypropylene, 12 wt%. It was found that the dispersion property of titanium dioxide affected the density and mechanical properties of microvoided films and the effect was best at the condition of l5 ㎎PO₄^(-3)/g as the surfactant on titanium dioxide surfaces.

몰리브덴인산화물에서의 3- 피콜린의 가암모니아 산화반응 속도론

장태선,이동구,조득희,신채호,이영길 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.35 No.3

수용액상에서 몰리브덴산암모늄염과 인산의 반응으로 P/Mo=1.0의 비율을 가진 몰리브덴인산화물을 제조하였다. 제조한 몰리브덴인산화물을 촉매로 사용하여 상압하에서 3-피콜린의 가암모니아 산화반응을 수행하였으며, 3-피콜린, 산소, 암모니아의 각각의 분압과 반응온도의 영향을 살펴보았다. 본 실험조건하에서 촉매활성은 반응 300시간까지는 계속적인 활성증가가 있었고 이후 500시간까지 안정상태를 유지하였다. 안정화 상태에서의 3-피콜린의 반응 속도식은 -r=kP₃_pP^0_(NH₃) P^γ_(o₂)[γ=0.2;0.25≤P_(o₂)(㎪)≤:5γ=0;5≤P_(o₂)(㎪)]으로 3-피콜린에 대해서는 1차, 암모니아에 대해서는 0차이었으며, 산소에 대해서는 0차와 0.2차로 구간에 따라 차이가 있었다. 3-피콜린의 전환율 증가에 따라 3-시아노피리딘의 선택도가 증가하였으며 동시에 아미드와 산의 선택도는 감소하였다. Molybdenum phosphate(P/Mo=1.0) has been synthesized with ammonium molybdate and phosphoric acid under aqueous solution. The kinetics of ammoxidation of 3-picoline over the molybdenum phosphate catalyst were investigated with the variation of reaction temperature and partial pressure of 3-picoline, oxygen, and ammonia, respectively at atmospheric pressure. The catalytic activity was increased until 300 hrs on stream and then maintained until 500 hrs on stream under our experimental conditions, At the steady-state conditions, the rate equation of 3-picoline ammoxidation was shown as -r=kP₃_pP^0_(NH₃) P^γ_(o₂)[γ=0.2;0.25≤P_(o₂)(㎪)≤:5γ=0;5≤P_(o₂)(㎪)]. The correlation between the conversion of 3-picoline and the selectivity of 3-cyanopyridine had the proportional relationship. As the selectivity of 3-cyanopyridine increases, the selectivity of amide and acid decreases.

Near-Infrared Spectral Characteristics in Presence of Sun Glint Using CASI-1500 Data in Shallow Waters

( Joo Young Jeon ),( Sun Hwa Kim ),( Chan Su Yang ) 대한원격탐사학회 2015 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Sun glint correction methods of hyperspectral data that have been developed so far have not considered the various situations and are often adequate for only certain conditions. Also there is an inaccurate assumption that the signal in NIR wavelength is zero. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the NIR spectral properties of sun glint effect in coastal waters. For the analysis, CASI-1500 airborne hyperspectral data, bathymetry data and in-situ data obtained at coastal area near Sin-Cheon, Jeju Island, South Korea were used. The spectral characteristics of radiance and reflectance at the five NIR wavelengths (744 nm, 758 nm, 772 nm, 786 nm, and 801 nm) are analyzed by using various statistics, spatial and spectral variation of sun-glinted area under conditions of the bottom types of benthos, barren rocks and sand with similar water depth. Through the quantitative analysis, we found that the relation of water depth or bottom type with sun glint is relatively less which is a similar result with the previous studies. However the sun glint are distributed similarly with the patterns of the direction of wave propagation. It is confirmed that the areas with changed direction of wave propagation were not affected by the sun glint. The spatial and spectral variations of radiance and reflectance are mainly caused by the effect of sun glint and waves. The radiance or reflectance of more sun-glinted areas are increased approximately 1.5 times and the standard deviations are also increased three times compared to the less sun glinted areas. Through this study, the further studies of sun glint correction method in coastal water using the patterns of wave propagation and diffraction will be placed.

FC 1-4 : A survey of attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding sun exposure and sunscreen use

( Sih Yeok Jang ),( Hyeong Ho Ryu ),( Eun Jung Hwang ),( Hyun Sun Park ),( So Yun Cho ),( Hyun Sun Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Although sunscreen is used as a primary strategy to prevent sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer, only a few people regularly use sunscreen. Objectives: To investigate the awareness of effects of sunlight, the extent of sun exposure, and the behaviors about sunscreen uses in Korean. Methods: A questionnaire was administered 255 adult patients visited Dermatology Department at Seoul National University Boramae Hospital. It included questions about the awareness of benefit or harm of sunlight, perceived and actual extent of sun exposure, the use of sun-protective methods including sunscreen. Results: Sun exposure was chosen as the major cause of dyschromia (61.2%), skin cancer (62.8%) and wrinkle (28.6%). Respondents were likely to underestimate the extent of sun exposure. On average, quite a few respondents stated that they were exposed to sunlight more than one hour per day (23.1% on weekdays, 53.4% on weekends). But, only 8.7% thought that their sun exposures were problematic and 62.2% of respondents considered moderate sunlight exposure good for health. People`s sun protective behaviors were inadequate: only 30.8% used sunscreen regularly; 18.4% have never used sunscreen. SPF was the most important factor choosing sunscreen and 86.0% used sunscreen labeled SPF over 30. In contrast, only 40.3% used PA+++ sunscreen. Conclusion: Despite a fairly good knowledge about harmful effects of sunlight, people underestimated the risks of their sun exposure and behaviors were suboptimal.

한국인에서 일광노출과 자외선차단제에 대한 인식과 사용 행태 연구

장시혁 ( Si Hyeok Jang ),박현선 ( Hyun Sun Park ),조소연 ( So Yun Cho ),윤현선 ( Hyun Sun Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회지 Vol.53 No.1

Background: Although sunscreen is used as a primary strategy for the prevention of sunburn, photoaging, and skincancer, few people regularly use sunscreen. Objective: To investigate awareness regarding the effects of sunlight, the extent of sun exposure, and sunscreen usebehaviors in Korean subjects. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 467 adult patients who visited the Dermatology Department at SeoulNational University Boramae Hospital. The questionnaire covered demographic characteristics, causes of wrinkles,sunspots, and skin cancer, awareness of the harmful effects of sun exposure, perceived and actual extent of sunexposure, and the use of sun-protective methods including sunscreen. Results: Sun exposure was selected as the major cause of age spots (60.6%), skin cancer (60.9%), and wrinkles(25.9%). Respondents were likely to underestimate the extent of sun exposure. On average, quite a few respondentsstated that they were exposed to sunlight for more than one hour per day (22.7% on weekdays, 52.4% onweekends). However, only 9.4% of respondents thought that their sun exposure was problematic and 62.7% ofrespondents considered moderate sunlight exposure healthy. Respondents`` sun-protective behaviors were inadequate:only 29.8% used sunscreen regularly, and 16.5% have never used sunscreen. SPF was the most important factor inchoosing sunscreen, and 83.3% used a sunscreen with a labeled SPF over 30. By contrast, only 34.6% ofrespondents used PA+++ sunscreen. Conclusion: Despite fairly good knowledge regarding the harmful effects of sunlight, subjects underestimated therisks of their sun exposure and sun-protective behaviors were suboptimal. Education on the risk of UV exposure andeffects of sunscreen is still needed. (Korean J Dermatol 2015;53(1):16∼22)

이순신 장례과정 연구

홍순승(Hong, Sun-seung) 순천향대학교 이순신연구소 2010 이순신연구논총 Vol.- No.14

이순신은 1598년 11월 19일 노량해전에서 전사한 후 남해 및 고금도에 안치 되었다가 고향인 아산으로 운구되어 다음 해 2월 11일 금성산에 안장되었다. 그리고 15년 뒤인 1614년 현재의 어라산 묘소로 이장되어 오늘에 이르고 있다. 본고는 이순신의 장례 과정을 운구 과정, 초장 과정, 이장 과정, 묘소 관리로 나누어 살펴보았다. 이순신의 전사 직후 그의 유해는 관음포와 노량포구를 거쳐 통제영이 있던 고금도로 옮겨졌다. 그 후 역로를 따라 아산으로 운구 되었다. 초장은 전후의 혼란 속에서도 거국적인 애도 분위기 속에 예관, 사제문, 부의 및유가족 은전 등을 포함한 예장으로 행해졌다.이장은 이순신 사후 평가의 진전에 따라 상향된 위상에 맞는 새로운 장의 요구 , 풍수지리설의 유행, 선조의 현양을 통한 가문의 과시, 공신들의 이장 성행 등을 배경으로 파악했다. 현재의 어라산 묘소는 이장시 묘역 확장 및 다양한 석물이 배설되었고. 그 후제3공화국 시절 대대적인 수보가 있었다. 결론적으로 이순신의 초장 및 이장, 묘소 관리는 각각 당대의 역사적 평가를 반영한 가운데 이루어졌다. After Admiral Lee Sun-Sin died in No-Ryang Naval Battle on November 19, 1598 and he was temporarily buried in Nam-Hae Island, Go-Geum Island, whose coffin was carried to be laid to rest in his hometown Asan, and in turn was permanently laid to rest in Mt. Geum-Sung on the next February 11, 1599. After 15 years, in 1614, his corpse was carried to Mt. Eur-Ra in which the burial site remains to the present time. This article divides his funeral proceedings into four parts: funeral procession, the first burial, moving the corpse to a new place, and the management of the graveyard and the tomb. Upon Admiral Lee Sun-Sin s death, the corpse was carried to Go-Geum Island, the headquarters after passing by Gwanumpo and Norangpogu. Afterwards, the corpse was carried to Asan along the post road. Though the chaos prevailed right after the war, the first burial and funeral was involved in the nationwide sorrowful mood, with the dispatched condolence delegations, ancestor worship, memorial, and condolence money and goods, the solemn funeral with majesty, and the special grace for the bereaved. The reason to move the tomb into a new place was that Admiral Lee Sun-Sin won a reputation for his great achievements after his death. Therefore, he had grown in stature, which was conducive to bring honor to his family and the prevalence of meritorious retainer ancestors tombs to a new place, and Chinese geomantic principles. The current graveyard of Admiral Lee Sun-Sin in Eu-Ra Mountain features extension of the area and establishment of stone figures by his descendants. In the third period of the Republic, the graveyard of Lee Sun-Shin was as good as that of the Royal Family s. Admiral Lee Sun-Sin s the first burial and movement of the burial site into a new place and the maintenance of the graveyard, like all the other Royal Family s counterparts, establish an outstanding historical reputation of him at the time.

Comparison of Melanoma Subtypes among Korean Patients by Morphologic Features and Ultraviolet Exposure

( Hong Sun Jang ),( Jee Hung Kim ),( Kyu Hyun Park ),( Jae Seok Lee ),( Jung Min Bae ),( Byung Ho Oh ),( Sun Young Rha ),( Mi Ryung Roh ),( Kee Yang Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2014 Annals of Dermatology Vol.26 No.4

Background: Genetic alterations have been identified in melanomas according to different levels of sun exposure. Whereas the conventional morphology-based classification provides a clue for tumor growth and prognosis, the new classification by genetic alterations offers a basis for targeted therapy. Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the biological behavior of melanoma subtypes and compare the two classifications in the Korean population. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients found to have malignant melanoma in Severance Hospital from 2005 to 2012. Age, sex, location of the tumor, histologic subtype, tumor depth, ulceration, lymph node invasion, visceral organ metastasis, and overall survival were evaluated. Results: Of the 206 cases, the most common type was acral melanoma (n=94, 45.6%), followed by nonchronic sun damage-induced melanoma (n=43, 20.9%), and mucosal melanoma (n=40, 19.4%). Twenty-one patients (10.2%) had the chronic sun-damaged type, whereas eight patients (3.9%) had tumors of unknown primary origin. Lentigo maligna melanoma was newly classified as the chronic sun-damaged type, and acral lentiginous melanoma as the acral type. More than half of the superficial spreading melanomas were newly grouped as nonchronic sun-damaged melanomas, whereas nodular melanoma was rather evenly distributed. Conclusion: The distribution of melanomas was largely similar in both the morphology-based and sun exposure-based classifications, and in both classifications, mucosal melanoma had the worst 5-year survival owing to its tumor thickness and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. (Ann Dermatol 26(4) 485~490, 2014)